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What is proxemics
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Spatial Relations, Proxemics, and Personal Territories in Interpersonal Communication
Spacial relations is a complex subject that can be interpreted in many different ways. A clear explanation of spatial relations is easily understood with the study of proxemics. So what is proxemics? Well the term proxemics came from E.T. Hall, a researcher in 1963. Proxemics is the study of the nature, degree, and effect of the spatial separation individuals naturally maintain (as in various social and interpersonal situations) and of how this separation relates to environmental and cultural factors. Proxemics is made up of featured spaces: fixed space, semi-fixed, and informal.
Space around a person is set up into zones representing comfort and non-comfort. Fixed spaces are areas that are unmovable such as buildings and offices. Many simple things can change a comfortable zone in a fixed area such as color. The use of color can have a major impact on our comfort level. Restaurants, for example, focus on peoples' comfort level with how they paint their buildings. Fast food such as McDonalds or Taco Bell cause people to rush in, eat fast, and leave without a nice place to sit down because of their bright colors. Bright colors are disturbing to the customers and even the workers. Other restaurants such as Ruby Tuesday's and Apple Bee's stick with a nice color scheme that is both darker, mellow, and come off as a nice place to enjoy your food. Restaurants like these have a higher employee turnover than fast food in the food service industry.
Semi-fixed spaces serves as movable areas such as furniture. Office desks can be organized to a persons' comfort zone. Chairs and desks are just physical barriers but can be broken to protect personal space. As you might notice on a TV show or at a job interview, two chairs are usually always on an angle and no more than 1 ½ feet from the main desk. This set up helps keep a balance of dominance. A person at a desk compared to a person standing in front of him may feel less dominant and unequal. Other areas of an office, such as lamps and filing cabinet are usually placed in the corners because small areas, like corners, make a person feel enclosed and small. Rearranging of furniture in an area helps keep balance over the persons' personal space and semi-fixed spaces.
Informal spaces is personal territory, and a big part of proxemics.
Chapter three of “Interplay: The Process of Interpersonal Communication” demonstrates a models of “self-disclosure that can help better understand how self-revelation operates in our relationships(pg 87).” By learning about self-disclosure and understanding the models, I was able to understand the effects and process of self- disclosure between my parent and I. It illustrated how self-revealing can be effective in making the relationship between my parents and I stronger and more efficient in understanding one another.
Space can be defined as the zone between people (citation: tcn). Different cultures have different zone preferences. It’s important to realize that comfort levels can vary depending on those zone preferences (citation: tcn). Space can be intimate, personal, consultative, and public (citation: tcn). First, intimate space is within touching distance. Then, personal space is the area around an individual that is considered theirs. Next, consultative space is being at a distance that is appropriate for social interaction. Finally, public space is a zone that is open to all people (citation: psych).
Proper ergonomic conditions prevent injuries to workers and allow them to work efficiently. Ergonomics reduces costs. Workers that do not have a good ergonomic workspace can suffer from pain and uncomfortable posture which is dealt with money spent on treatment. In Canada $800 000 000 per year goes to ergonomic related injuries. Appropriate ergonomic workspaces create an anti-injury space for workers. Ergonomics also increases worker’s productivity by designing a work place with good posture, good heights, fewer motions, and less exertion. Thus making the workspace more efficient for the worker. Ergonomics also
In American Diversity is one of the biggest issues in America. America is a home to all, such that no one group can call itself more “American” than another. Even the America is very diverse, not everyone has the privilege in living in a cultural/racial diverse area. With this being said every person is not use to interactions with people much different from their own race. After reviewing many articles and books I have gained enough knowledge on my topic: prove why living in diverse area is not only just beneficial with social interactions, but with your self-esteem, and just life in general. After reading this paper I would like to think that you will have a better understanding of why growing up and being exposed to diversity at a young age is extremely beneficial.
The single most common workplace in North America is the closed-plan office, with 5 -6ft panels separating workers into cubicles. The term cubicle comes from the Latin term “cubiculum” which means, “Bed chamber.” 1 It was used in English as early as 15th century for small chambers, and for small rooms or study spaces with partitions that didn’t reach the ceiling.
Guardo (1969) studied the use of space by humans, called proxemics. Guardo notes that the term was originally coined by Hall (1966), who categorized personal distance into four zones: intimate, personal, social and public. His theory conveys that an individual is in the centre and he or she is surrounded by a series of spheres (bubbles) that reflect the different zones. Each zone corresponds to different distance and the type of interaction that occurs there. Hall further suggested that the boundaries of the zones are determined by other variables such as culture, status, personality and affection.
Fast food restaurants, like McDonald’s, Burger King, and Wendy’s, are all popular places out of many that a lot of people like to eat from. Whether
Interpersonal communication is one of skills that can make you a better communicate. It is a form of communication between one or more people. It is something we all do just by simply talking to somebody. Talking to people in and outside of school or work can help improve a relationship. Hopefully in my future, I will be able to not be as introverted with texting people as I am now. I could have improved more friendships in my past if I talked to more people. It can improve relationships with people because you are finding out more about them and talking to them more.
Interpersonal communication, defined as the process by which people exchange information, feelings, and meaning through verbal and non-verbal messages, is an integral part of our everyday life (SkillsYouNeed, 2015). Through a combination of what we say, our choice of words and tone, and what we don’t, our body language, individuals exchange information, express opinions and emotions, and form and nurture relationships. Whether at home, in the workplace, or with strangers we are always communicating, so the ability to do so effectively is an asset. According to a survey by the National Association of Colleges and Employers, employers ranked the ability to communicate with persons inside and outside the organization as very important to extremely
The first notable problem arises from differences in the use space and touch. In terms of proxemics, which is the study of how people use personal space differently (Hall,1966), each culture has its preferred concept and use of personal space. When it comes to touch, cultures can vary in the amount of touching and the meanings of
There are various perceptions on what constitutes personal space in different countries and cultures around the world. Personal space is the means of man’s affiliation with other people, society, and the surrounding culture. Personal space refers to the bubble, or appropriate distance, around a human being that determines how close individuals stand together during interactions without being offensive. While personal space is usually respected and instinctive during conversation, anxiety or fear can occur when this space is invaded. Furthermore, the intensity of the arousal depends on the relationship between the two conversationalists (Trolley, “Personal Space”). In essence, there is a “nurture” component that is learned through one’s environment since differences exist between cultures.
The Communication Accommodation Theory states when people interact they alter their speech to fit in or accommodate for other. CAT describes the psychological, social, and linguistic behaviors that people exhibit when communicating with each other (Coupland, Coupland, Giles, Henwood, 1988). Each individual has his or her own personality and motivation when involved in a conversation, this attribute are reflected in how the individual speaks, listens and then responds to the other person involved in the conversation. According to this theory, communication between two people can at any time be adjusted by either party in response to actual, perceived, or stereotyped expectations of the other person (Coupland, et al., 1988). This means that either party can change their communication style based on what they feel or pick up on during the conversation. The CAT theory can help understand how humans interact with one another while communicating.
In the year 1949 the term ergonomics was coined from the Greek words “ergo” meaning work and “nomos” meaning law in a meeting attended by distinguished psychologist and physiologist. The same group later formed the ergonomic research society (ERS) which was the first body in the world to study on ergonomics. ERS then evolved to the ergonomics society (ES) and then to the current Institute of Ergonomics and Human Factors (IEHF) (Omerley, 2103). Office ergonomics is part of this generalized evolution of ergonomics with it being a recognized discipline among the domains of ergonomics. Office ergonomics deals mainly in the office setting or environment and helps in averting injuries and adapting the work to the person rather than the person to the work.
Deixis is the single most obvious way in which the relationship between language and context is reflected in the structures of languages themselves. Deixis concerns on the interpretation of utterances depends on the analysis of that context of utterance.
More specifically, the fundamental factors that contribute to customer satisfaction in restaurants include the food (hygiene, balance, and healthiness), physical provision (layout, furnishing, and cleanliness), the atmosphere (feeling and comfort), and the service received (speed, friendliness, and care) during the meal experience (Johns and Pine,