Spanking is serious issues in the United States. Although some researchers believe spanking children is due to external behavior. The more children display aggressive behavior the more likely, the disciplined. This article examines the transactional connection between spanking and the externalizing (negative) behavior through the early years of a child’s life. However, some theory claims that there should be a transitional association between the parent’s correction and children’s externalize behavior through transition to adulthood. The study of spanking over the past decades has proof that corporal punishment is later connected to negative behavior, but there are holes in the data that still remains. To establish the relations between spanking and behavior is vital because discipline is a common practice of families in America, especially in the early years of a child’s life (Bell 1968; Thomas et al. 1963).
Nevertheless these two recent studies on reciprocal effects the need to inspect the transaction methods between maternal spanking and child’s behavior over a long period of time from infancy to intermediate childhood, and the inclusion of all four waves from the Fragile Families,
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They believe that the connection between discipline and outward behavior will cease by nature and that spanking is connected with intensity stages of external at later patterns and greater external behavior will be related to greater stages decrease spanking. Considering the various method use to investigate race and culture between spanking and external behavior. They examine possible sex difference due to the amount of spanking and external behavior. The data did not show much differences in gender. Applying the analysis method will allow the chance to study whether the transactional pathways between spanking and externalizing behavior vary by sexually (MacKenzie et. al.,
Swat! The entire store tries not to stare at the overwhelmed mother spanking her three-year-old whaling son. As if the screaming tantrum wasn't enough of a side show at the supermarket. This method, or technique perhaps, has been around for decades, even centuries. Generations have sat on grandpa’s lap and listened to the stories of picking their own switch or getting the belt after pulling off a devilish trick. So why then has it become a major controversy in the past few decades? The newest claim is that spanking and other forms of physical punishment can lead to increased aggression, antisocial behavior, physical injury and mental health problems for children. Brendan L. Smith uses many case studies and psychologists findings in his article “The Case Against Spanking” to suggest that parents refrain from physically punishing their children due to lasting harmful effects.
Being physically aggressive by spanking your child leads them to be physically aggressive as well. According to the Pediatrics Journal, spanking 3-y...
Social effects of spanking, therefore, include; fear, spanking teaches a child to be fearful. Spanking is quite shameful and humiliating, when a child is made to undergo spanking from a very young age they grow to be scared and may never have the opportunity to express their opinions openly. They will relate the pain they suffered through physical punishment with older people and this would make them timid even around their teachers. It may also cause them to not listen to their parent and ultimately they grow up to be resentful. Secondly, it makes a child learn violence, this is cultivated when a child interprets that violence is an acceptable means of resolving the conflict. Surveys have over time proven that kids who are spanked will most likely fight and hit other children and will most likely become violent
Spanking a child is a controversial issue. On one side of the debate are people who believe spanking is a necessary component of parenting. On the contrary are people who think spanking a child is destructive. Somewhere in the middle are people who believe spanking is legitimate only when used correctly. Part of the reason for the debate is that some parents and experts define spanking differently. To some, spanking means slapping a child on the rear-end, while others believe it is a form of corporal punishment that does not cause injury. By showing how each perspective of spanking supports their claim and defining spanking, one will be able to form an opinion.
The use of spanking is one of the most controversial parenting practices and also one of the oldest, spanning throughout many generations. Spanking is a discipline method in which a supervising adult deliberately inflicts pain upon a child in response to a child’s unacceptable behaviour. Although spanking exists in nearly every country and family, its expression is heterogeneous. First of all the act of administering a spanking varies between families and cultures. As Gershoff (2002) pointed out, some parents plan when a spanking would be the most effective discipline whereas some parents spank impulsively (Holden, 2002). Parents also differ in their moods when delivering this controversial punishment, some parents are livid and others try and be loving and reason with the child. Another source of variation is the fact that spanking is often paired with other parenting behaviours such as, scolding, yelling, or perhaps raging and subsequently reasoning. A third source of variation concerns parental characteristics. Darling and Steinberg (1993) distinguished between the content of parental acts and the style in which it was administered (Holden, 2002). With all this variation researchers cannot definitively isolate the singular effects of spanking.
Finally, we need to know more about the personal resources of parents that can lessen the incidence of spanking. It is found that spanking sharply decreases as the parent ages. Despite ideological motivations, parents can and should be trained to understand alternative strategies of discipline (Day 93).
Spanking teaches the child that violence is a socially accepted behavior to attain a desired result. To better understand this concept, we must first look at how a child’s brain works. From infancy, children learn through observation and imitation. Studies have shown that infants as young as forty-two minutes can successfully replicate simple facial expressions (Metzloff, Decety 492). By eight months, infants can imitate basic motor movement, even after twenty-four hours have passed since the initial movement occurred. At fourteen months, children can apply an imitation to an external situation up to a week after the initial imitation. (Windell, 67-68, 221). A famous example of this is Albert Bandura’s Bobo doll experiment. Christopher Green of York University helps interpret Bandura’s experiment and results: While acknowledging that certain children may have inherited aggressive personalities, Bandura demonstrated that the majority of personality is learned. Adult models were escorted to a room and shown various toys to play with while child observers watched from outside the room. Among the various toys was a clown “bobo” doll. In some “play” sessions, the models demonstrated aggression toward the doll by punching, kicking, hitting and yelling at it. In other sessions, the models quietly pla...
In this study they explored the association of spanking frequency before age 2 throughout different ethnicities, with children’s risk for tremendous behavior problems 4 years later, after they had entered school. Among the children in this sample, spanking frequency before age 2 was definitely a predictor of a child’s risk for behavior problems at
As results show it is more common that African American mothers spank their children in comparison to white women (Huang & Lee, 2008). Younger mothers under the age of 25 would spank children as compared to mother over the age of 25. Parents who were spanked will more likely use this style of discipline than those who weren’t, and also parents that are from the South and those of Christian faith, seem to use this style of discipline (Berlin, Ispa, Fine, Malone, Brooks-Gunn, Brady-Smith, Bai, 2009). Also it was more common for boys to be spanked before a girl. There also was a correlation with mothers who were in good health and had a good relationship with the fathers were less likely to spank children.
To commence, parents should avoid spanking their children because of the physiological consequences. Sufficient evidence exists in proving that spanking slows the cognitive development of children (Straus, 2011). Spanked children tend to do far worse on achievement tests than those whose parents used other forms of punishment (Straus, 2011). Because of the retardation in the cognitive development, spanked children must spend their entire lives catching up to their counterparts who did not receive such harsh punishment and cannot enjoy a quality childhood. Hitting children can cause back problems (Hunt, 2011). Shock waves travel up the spine and cause nerve damage (Hunt, 2011). If a parent disciplined his/her child out of love, it would not be with an expensive medical bill later on in life.
To quantify the emotional health of children who are spanked, one can assess their academic success. Abusive environments, which some consider inclusive of moderate corporal punishment, are not conducive to a child’s learning environment; however, whether or not children are spanked has no effect on their education (Levitt and Dubner 108). I was spanked frequently throughout my childhood and have always excelled academically. Even currently, my class rank is 13, so parents need not worry about corporal punishment affecting their child’s short-term or long-term
Spanking is an important aspect of a child’s social development and should not be considered an evil form of abuse. In her argument, Debra Saunders says that there is an obvious difference between beating a child and spanking a child, and parents know the boundary. Spanking is the most effective form of discipline when a child knows doing something is wrong, but the child does it anyway. A child who is properly disciplined through spanking is being taught how to control her or his impulses and how to deal with all types of authorities in future environments. Parents can control their child’s future behavior by using spanking in early childhood, because if...
...E. (2000). Child Outcomes of Nonabusive and Customary Physical Punishment by Parents: An Updated Literature Review. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review. doi:10.1023/A:1026473020315.
“It hurts and it’s painful inside – it’s like breaking your bones; it’s loud and sore, and it stings; it feels like you’ve been adopted or something and you’re not part of their family; you feel like you don’t like your parents anymore; you feel upset because they are hurting you, and you love them so much, and then all of a sudden they hit you and you feel as though they don’t care about you” (Pritchard 9). These are the feelings of those juveniles who suffer from corporal punishment. Corporal punishment has been one of the main topics of research in Psychology in last few decades. Although people had believed, “Spare the rod and spoil the child” but in the present age of science, research has revealed that the corporal punishment causes more harm to the children instead of having a positive effect on them. According to UNICEF, “Corporal punishment is actually the use of physical measures that causes pain but no wounds, as a means of enforcing discipline” (1). It includes spanking, squeezing, slapping, pushing and hitting by hand or with some other instruments like belts etc. But it is different from physical abuse in which punishment result in wounds and the objective is different from teaching the discipline. Although Corporal punishment is considered to be a mode of teaching discipline and expeditious acquiescence, however, it leads to the disruption of parent-child relationship, poor mental health of juveniles, moral internalization along with their anti-social and aggressive behaviour and it is against the morality of humans.
It has been said that “spanking trains children ‘in violence and domination’, even when it’s moderate” (Saunders 1)...