Spanish Civil War
(1936–39), military revolt against the Republican government of Spain, supported by conservative elements within the country. When an initial military coup failed to win control of the entire country, a bloody civil war ensued, fought with great ferocity on both sides. The Nationalists, as the rebels were called, received aid from fascist Italy and Nazi Germany. The Republicans received aid from the Soviet Union, as well as from International Brigades, composed of volunteers from Europe and the United States.
The war was an outcome of a polarization of Spanish life and politics that had developed over previous decades. On one side (the Nationalist) were most Roman Catholics, important elements of the military, most landowners, and many businessmen. On the other side (the Republican) were urban workers, most agricultural labourers, and many of the educated middle class. Politically their differences often found extreme and vehement expression in parties such as the fascist-oriented Falange and the militant anarchists. Between these extremes were other groups covering the political spectrum from monarchism and conservatism through liberalism to socialism, including a small communist movement divided among followers of the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin and his archrival, Leon Trotsky. In 1934 there was widespread labour conflict and a bloody uprising by miners in Asturias that was suppressed by troops led by General Francisco Franco. A succession of governmental crises culminated in the elections of February 16, 1936, which brought to power a Popular Front government supported by most of the parties of the left and opposed by the parties of the right and what remained of the centre.
A well-planned military uprising began on July 17, 1936, in garrison towns throughout Spain. By July 21 the rebels had achieved control in Spanish Morocco, the Canary Islands, and the Balearic Islands (except Minorca) and in the part of Spain north of the Guadarrama mountains and the Ebro River, except for Asturias, Santander, and the Basque provinces along the north coast and the region of Catalonia in the northeast. The Republican forces had put down the uprising in other areas, except for some of the larger Andalusian cities, including Seville, Granada, and Córdoba. The Nationalists and Republicans proceeded to organize their respective territories and to repre...
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...rovinces in the summer of 1937 and then Asturias, so that by October they held the whole northern coast. A war of attrition began. The Nationalists drove a salient eastward through Teruel, reaching the Mediterranean and splitting the republic in two in April 1938. In December 1938, they moved upon Catalonia in the northeast, forcing the Republican armies there northward toward France. By February 1939, 250,000 Republican soldiers, together with an equal number of civilians, had fled across the border into France. On March 5 the Republican government flew to exile in France. On March 7 a civil war broke out in Madrid between communist and anticommunist factions. By March 28 all of the Republican armies had begun to disband and surrender, and Nationalist forces entered Madrid on that day.
The number of persons killed in the Spanish Civil War can be only roughly estimated. Nationalist forces put the figure at 1,000,000, including not only those killed in battle but also the victims of bombardment, execution, and assassination. More recent estimates have been closer to 500,000 or less. This does not include all those who died from malnutrition, starvation, and war-engendered disease.
In this essay, the author
- Describes the spanish civil war, a military revolt against the republican government of spain, supported by conservative elements within the country. the nationalists received aid from fascist italy and nazi germany.
- Explains that the war was an outcome of a polarization of spanish life and politics that had developed over previous decades. politically their differences found extreme expression in parties such as the fascist-oriented falange and the militant anarchists.
- Explains that a well-planned military uprising began on july 17, 1936, in garrison towns throughout spain. by july 21, the rebels had achieved control in spanish morocco, the canary islands, and the balearic islands
- Describes the spanish civil war, a military revolt against the republican government of spain, supported by conservative elements within the country. the nationalists received aid from fascist italy and nazi germany.
- Explains that the war was an outcome of a polarization of spanish life and politics that had developed over previous decades. politically their differences found extreme expression in parties such as the fascist-oriented falange and the militant anarchists.
- Explains that a well-planned military uprising began on july 17, 1936, in garrison towns throughout spain. by july 21, the rebels had achieved control in spanish morocco, the canary islands, and the balearic islands
- Explains that general franco assumed the captaincy of the nationalists and set up a government in burgos. the republican government was headed by francisco largo caballero and juan negrn.
- Explains that both the nationalist and republican sides, seeing themselves as too weak to win a quick victory, turned abroad for help.
- Explains that the nationalists had advanced to the outskirts of madrid, laid siege to it but were unable to get beyond the university city area. they captured the basque northern provinces in the summer of 1937 and then asturias.
- Estimates the number of people killed in the spanish civil war, including those who died from malnutrition, starvation, and war-engendered disease.
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1202 wordsRead More - Spanish American Warexplanatory essayThe Americans were brought into The Spanish and American War on February 15,1898. The Americans came into this war because a naval boat of ours called the Maine was blown up. On that boat, 327of our sailors were killed in the explosion. With this explosion, the navy used it by having a slogan ,“Remember the Maine,” to get volunteers into the navy to help fight. We though that the Spanish were to blame for blowing up our ship. But, really there was something wrong with the engine which lead to the big explosion. This was not found till they lifted the ship out of the water in 1911. When this happened many newspapers journalist {yellow journalism} took advantage of the explosion and wrote whom they thought did the explosion or who did the people want it to be. One of these newspaper tycoons was William Randolph Hearst. He took great advantages of the war and stretched the truth to the extreme. He did this just to sell more newspapers and to make money. Hearst went over in his personal boat and took pictures in Cuba of poor and starving people there. He even captured a couple of the Spanish soldiers and turned them over to the Americans.
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- Analyzes how the soviet union played a crucial role in the spanish civil war. they supported the republican government in defending spain against the revolting military fascists.
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- Analyzes how the soviet union played a crucial role in the spanish civil war. they supported the republican government in defending spain against the revolting military fascists.
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726 wordsRead More - Causative Factors of the Spanish Civil War in 1936analytical essay...litary’s militant actions and general unrest, leaving Spain vulnerable and Spaniards angry, confused and prone to revolt. It was the combination of all of these which led to the Spanish Civil War breaking out, as just one of these factors could have led to discomfort in Spain but certainly not enough to start a War. All of these collaborative factors ultimately are what led to the strikes and uprisings from the people and it was probably the oppressive way in which these were handled which demanded radical action from some Spaniards, and they happened to be the military. However, in regard to the question the most important factor for the SCW breaking out when it did, in 1936, was the military’s contribution as it was their failure to successfully rise up in all parts of Spain which led to the stalemate that began the war on the date it did.
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- Explains that the spanish civil war broke out in 1936 due to economic differences leading to divisions and a lack of understanding dividing spaniards.
- Explains that the spanish civil war broke out due to the political consequences of general primo de rivera's failed dictatorship, the weak coalition government, and the crude repression of strikes and protests.
- Analyzes how the failure of the 1931 republic led to the start of political unrest in spain and the 1936 civil war.
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- Analyzes how the failure to divide politics and religion led to the spanish civil war and the formation of the popular front.
- Analyzes how the lack of the military's necessity, ethos, and revolutionary actions led to the scw. without the spanish empire, franco may never have become a dictator.
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- Explains that economic factors were a prime collaborative reason for the initialization of the scw.
- Concludes that the spanish civil war was brought about due to the fall of general primo de rivera and the combination of changing spanish politics, vulnerable and undesired economic situation, religious divisions, and military's militant actions.
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- Explains that embargos on cuba were ceased during the past 40 years with the exception of the us who has yet to lift it. cuba has cheap public transportation as well as public healthcare and public education.
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- Opines that the use of military drones by the us is an attack against a nation's sovereignty and freedom and the government of cuba is against any of the world powers.
- Argues that countries that use drones to kill suspected terrorists in another country should be punished and forced to stop.
- Opines that cuba does support the use of domestic drones as it causes very drone. a civilian car was targeted because it was believed owned.
- Opines that the number of civilians who have been killed by drone strikes is 463, despite the us resisting putting out statistics of their attacks.
1064 wordsRead More - European Events Leading Up to World War IIexplanatory essayFrom July 1936 to 1939 was the time of Spanish Civil War. Germany and Italy sent troops and equipment to the Spanish army rebels, these were led by General Franco in an attempt to overthrow the elected republican government. General Franco asked Hitler (Nazi) and Mussolini (Fascist) to aid the nationalists. Hitler agreed and ordered three major military operations in Spain during the Spanish Civil War. The German Condor Air Legion used this as an experiment to test the Luftwaffe's capability by sending over 250 aircrafts, this caused the destruction of the city of Gurnica. At the height of the war, there were a total of about 20,000 Germans fighting in Spain. After General Franco's request and with Hitler's encouragement, Mussoli...
In this essay, the author
- Explains that germany's involvement in the spanish civil war, the munich conference, and the rise of fascism in europe caused an outbreak of war in 1939.
- Explains that germany and italy sent troops and equipment to the spanish army rebels led by general franco in an attempt to overthrow the elected republican government.
- Describes how germany's successful attempt at anschluss helped germany gain confidence, which was later needed for her to invade other countries and aid the spread of war in 1939.
- Explains that germany's involvement in the spanish civil war, the munich conference, and the rise of fascism in europe caused an outbreak of war in 1939.
- Explains that germany and italy sent troops and equipment to the spanish army rebels led by general franco in an attempt to overthrow the elected republican government.
- Describes how germany's successful attempt at anschluss helped germany gain confidence, which was later needed for her to invade other countries and aid the spread of war in 1939.
- Explains that the munich conference was one of the key factors that caused an outbreak of war in 1939. the munich agreement was signed by italy, britain, france and germany without the presence of czechoslovakia or ussr.
- Explains that the nazi-soviet non-agression pact was signed between ussr and germany on 23 august 1939. this pact guaranteed the united states would not help poland when germany attacked it.
- Explains that germany invaded poland on september 1, 1939, but britain and poland signed the polish – britain common defense pact, and france declared war on germany 2 days later.
- Explains that germany invaded france on 10 may 1940, which helped the war spread globally between 1939 and 1941.
- Explains how the battle of britain or operation sealion aided the european conflict to spread into a world war by the end of 1941.
- Describes how operation barbarossa broke the non-aggression pact. the invasion caused ussr to allie with britain, france, and the commonwealth.
- Explains how japan launched a surprise attack on pearl harbour on 7 december 1941 to conquer the pacific. the tension between the two countries increased during the 1930s after the japanese expansion into manchuria.
- Explains that events in europe from 1937 such as the spanish civil war, germany's anschluss of austria, munich conference, non – aggression pact, invasion of poland led to the outbreak of war in 1939.
1478 wordsRead More - Herbert Braun La Violencia Thesisexplanatory essayDuring the fourth phase of Las Violencia the violence began to subside. The National Front was created by leaders of both liberals and conservatives met in Spain to sign a treaty to achieve peace. They agreed to rotate power every four years in every faction of government. However, the end result of this agreement did very little to help the country. Any reforms that were passed often got reversed when the opposing party took control every four
In this essay, the author
- Explains that herbert braun has spent a significant portion of his career writing about colombian history, specifically the time period of la violencia starting with gaitans’ assassination and the aftermath.
- Describes jorge eliecer gaitan as a liberal lawyer who challenged the traditional oligarchy in colombia.
- Narrates how gaitan's assassination set off a period of mass violence in colombia known as "la violencia" that would last from 1948-1964.
- Explains that herbert braun has spent a significant portion of his career writing about colombian history, specifically the time period of la violencia starting with gaitans’ assassination and the aftermath.
- Describes jorge eliecer gaitan as a liberal lawyer who challenged the traditional oligarchy in colombia.
- Narrates how gaitan's assassination set off a period of mass violence in colombia known as "la violencia" that would last from 1948-1964.
- Describes la violencia's guerilla warfare era, where conservatives blamed the liberals for all the violence. liberals refused to take part in the 1948 election because they had no candidate.
- Explains that the third phase of la violencia began with a military coup led by general rojas. although he tried to appease the poor and working class, violence continued.
- Explains that las violencia began to subside after leaders of both liberals and conservatives met in spain to sign a treaty to achieve peace.
- Explains how the guerilla groups gained power and control over rural areas, including the national libertarian army (eln) and the revolutionary armed forces of colombia.
711 wordsRead More - Learning for the Cuban and Nigerian Revolutionanalytical essayCastro was able to find outside forces and support from Mexican exiles and even Che Guevera to back his revolution. Following multiple failed battles, Castro’s army was finally able to secure crucial offense points and Batista fled the country shifting power to the communist party. The ongoing conflict between the insurgents and Batista’s military regime resulte...
In this essay, the author
- Explains that latin america and africa are focal countries to analyze civil war onset and for future preventions. cuba, a communist state underwent political turmoil, and nigeria, an oil powerhouse faced ethnic conflict.
- Opines that the u.s embargo on cuba proves a serious issue for cuban citizens.
- Explains that latin american and african regions have a long history of civil wars and conflict. the cuban revolution, fueled by government grievances, overthrew the previous leader and instilled socialist and communist policies.
- Explains that latin america and africa are focal countries to analyze civil war onset and for future preventions. cuba, a communist state underwent political turmoil, and nigeria, an oil powerhouse faced ethnic conflict.
- Opines that the u.s embargo on cuba proves a serious issue for cuban citizens.
- Explains that latin american and african regions have a long history of civil wars and conflict. the cuban revolution, fueled by government grievances, overthrew the previous leader and instilled socialist and communist policies.
- Analyzes how the cuban revolution was fueled by grievances against the current government and had less to do with economic gains or opportunity.
- Explains that nigeria was an ethnically and politically divided state after gaining independence from britain in 1960. the igbo, yoruba, and hausa groups had differing fundamental beliefs and levels of political involvement.
2020 wordsRead More - Spain and World War Twoanalytical essayAs a general rule, Spanish people feel rigidly bound by their sense of honor. This is one major conflict inherent between the Spanish people and entering the war. First Spain had no appreciable quarrel with any country involved in the war, save the Russians. The Russians had given aide the defeated Republicans during the Spanish civil war; the Russians were consequently despised. Whereas the Germans had helped Franco into power, by sending men, planes, and officers to help the war effort, therefor they were close allies. To further complicate things Germany began the war a friend of the Russians. As for the Allies, General Franco had received some military training in France, under the guidance of Marshals Petain, and Foch, who had been badly humiliated by the Nazis. And stemming from his time in France he developed a great respect for the military traditions of the French. Therefore helping the Nazis would be to stab the French in the back. An idea repugnant to General Franco "No Spanish hidalgo would have done that."1 (A hidalgo is a child that inherits nothing from the family their life choices being the church, or soldering.) Concerning the Americans and British, Spain had absolutely no argument with them at all. The Americans and English were sending valuable raw materials to Spain in an effort to keep her neutral.2 So as a whole the Spanish people felt torn, they didn't want to help the Germans because they were allied with an enemy, and fighting a friend. Furthermore Spain did not want to fight America or Britain. To compound things further Spain did owe Germany. They had helped Franco to power by supplying soldiers, pilots, and machines while he lead his troops to victory over the republicans of Spain.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that spain was a non-belligerent state during the second world war.
- Explains that the spanish people felt rigidly bound by their sense of honor. they had no appreciable quarrel with any country involved in the war, except the russians.
- Explains how the germans offered to assist spain in taking gibraltar, by giving dive bombers, and strategy lessons.
- Explains that spain was a non-belligerent state during the second world war.
- Explains that the spanish people felt rigidly bound by their sense of honor. they had no appreciable quarrel with any country involved in the war, except the russians.
- Explains how the germans offered to assist spain in taking gibraltar, by giving dive bombers, and strategy lessons.
- Cites carlton hayes, war time mission in spain new york, the macmillian company, 1945.
- Explains that general francisco franco was the totalitarian ruler of spain during the second world war. he was a calm, calculating, and cautious leader.
- Analyzes how friendship, guns, and wheat were the currency of world war ii.
- Explains that max gallo, spain under franco, new york, e.p. dutton and company, inc. 1974, 101, 119, and 94.
1479 wordsRead More