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Spanish conquest in Latin America
Spanish conquest in Latin America
Spanish conquest in Latin America
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• 1492 – c. 1570/1600: main admin & economy set
• 1570 – c. 1700: definite colonial org. & societies
• 18th century: empower colonial relationship & start revolt & unhappiness
• Era of Conquest: human destruction & creation; Mexico & Peru = many sedentary people bring Spaniards there & became main focus
• Spain = model; 1493: colony @ Santo Domingo (Hispaniola) Puerto Rico @ 1508 & Cuba @ 1511; @ Panama & N coast of S America
• Taino Indians @ Caribbean = agr. enough for encomienda
• Searching for gold, slaving, & European diseases strip & depopulate islands – little left for Spaniards
• Strong ports, like Havana, San Juan, & Santo Domingo, help Spaniards commercially; sugar & slaves revive Caribbean
• Iberian-styled cities to help Spaniards adjust to America; hurricanes & Indians abandon/relocate towns; cities w/ grid-like foundation (unlike Europe); used Roman models
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Bartolomé de las Casas (conquistador priest); started justice fight
• Bartering w/ Indians replaced by more royal control & making sugar plantation economy Indian resistance/depop. import African
The Mexican–American War, also known as the Mexican War, the U.S.–Mexican War, the Invasion of Mexico, the U.S. Intervention, or the United States War Against Mexico, was an armed conflict between the United States and the Centralist Republic of Mexico from 1846 to 1848 in the wake of the 1845 U.S. annexation of Texas, which Mexico considered part of its territory despite the 1836 Texas Riot.
The introduction of Old World diseases was a substantial catalyst in the building of American colonial societies. Diseases such as smallpox devastated the native people’s populations. According to one estimate, within the span of the 16th century, the native population of central Mexico was reduced to about 700,000 from at least 13 million. (The Earth and Its Peoples, 475) Other regions were similarly affected by the disease and others such as measles, typhus, influenza, and malaria. These diseases, in effect, cleared the way for European settlers, although, in a somewhat gruesome fashion.
This was followed, notably in the case of Spain, by a phase of conquest: The
Compare and Contrast Between Hispanic Culture and American Culture I. Introduction The Hispanic population has experienced incredible growth in the past decade in the United States of America. In 2006 it was estimated that the Hispanics cover 11% of the population in North America. Their origin is in Mexico and the few Spanish speaking countries in the Caribbean. American culture is derived from people who originated from the European nations like Italy and the Great Britain.
The remarkable feat of contouring the Aztec and Inka empires were persuaded by the Spanish in the 16th Century. Three key foundations affected the outcome of these conquests. Religious passion and belief in a higher order was one key component to the Spanish success. Another invaluable factor was help from indigenous allies. Finally, the spread of small pox was crucial in weakening the mighty Empires. These three dynamics cemented victory for the Spanish over the Aztec and Inka empires.
For example, British colonizers set up a royal colony in Virginia in the 1630s, and a proprietary colony in Maryland in1632. The rest of New England was settled by refugees of England’s religious persecution, also known as Puritans. The climate of the southern Colonies was very hot and humid, which was perfect for cultivating tobacco crops. However, tobacco depleted the soil of its nutrients, thereby making the colonists rely on the crop rotation system. This made tobacco cultivation very inefficient, labor intensive, and an extravagant effort, although the overwhelming profits made it seem worth the time. One of Britain’s rival colonizers, Spain, established its hold in present-day Mexico, Florida, the Caribbean, New Mexico, and Bolivia in the 16th century. In present-day Mexico and Bolivia, Spain found rich mines flooded with silver. At the turn of the 17th century, the...
The Spanish conquest of the Inca in the 1500s A.D. was an event that significantly changed the peoples of South America by leading to the decline of the Inca Empire. This essay discusses why in the last millennium the Europeans were the people who were able to conquer so many of the world’s great civilizations and control so much of the world. While there were other Europeans that conquered other groups of people, this essay focuses on the Spanish and the Incas. Motivation to conquer and ability to do so (such as steel and immunity to diseases) are the key aspects in Europeans gaining power of much of the world that this essay discusses.
The Spanish Empire was the first European power to arrive in America, first arriving in mid-1510s. Mexico and Florida were the first areas of America to have been occupied and explored by Spain. Spain’s original intentions in America, just like France and England, were to find resources and economic success. In Mexico, they discover precious metals, such as gold and silver. This was Spain’s main economic resource and became highly desired in Europe. However, instead of developing settlements and colonizing, like the Europe counterparts, they mostly build outposts for the conquistadores. After Spain secured their territory, Spaniard Priests and Missionaries were to America and began to work with the natives to convert to Catholicism and live a Catholic life style.
The Spanish Conquest was a significant expedition in the Spanish colonization of the Americas. Cortés’s fleet, crew, weapons, and horses helped him in his conquest. However that alone was not enough to defeat a larger society, and with the alliances formed by Cortés with the Tlaxcalans who hated the Aztecs helped him gain more power in his overpowering of the Aztec empire. The expedition was successful and it brought Spain many goods and riches making it very important to Spain.
Throughout its history, Spanish Town has served in countless ways for Jamaica. It was first the refuge for the Arawaks. Next the Spanish saw it as the perfect place for farming and dwelling, and then their priests and missionaries used the town as a religious center. Not long after the island changed hands, the English made it the island’s capital and even changed its name and architecture to suit their needs. If one follows the history of the place one will see its transformation from a small unplanned town to the political and legal hub of the island.
Star²ng with Christopher Columbus in 1492 (who was incidentally Italian), the Spanish were the dominant group of se±lers in the New World for over a century. Abundant natural resources, like silver, and Na²ve American labor provided Spain with immense wealth. With the excep²on of Brazil, the Spanish expanded throughout the Caribbean, Central and South America and even into the southern and western parts of today’s United States. However, because the sheer amount of wealth generated from the New World, other European countries eventually developed their own interests in se±lement. The English began some explora²on in the late 1500s, but their ³rst permanent se±lement was not un²l Jamestown in 1607. The English se±lers shared some characteris²cs as the Spanish: economic wealth and religiosity.
Spanish colonization of the Americas is commonly recognized as a process between Spaniards and the indigenous people. Irrefutably, the arrival of Spanish conquistadors had an eminently profound impact on the indigenous people of the New World. In order to understand the societal changes in Latin America, it is crucial to have an awareness of the motivation to conquest. Was there anything in particular that initiated the need to conquest? Differing perspectives offer distinctive explanations as to why there was an interest to conquer. In analyzing the colonial experience, it is of utmost importance to note the interconnectedness of the role of resources as well as the role of the Catholic Church. How were a handful of Spaniards able to subdue the populous and powerful Aztec and Inca empires? Undoubtedly, various factors contributed to the Spanish being victorious in their expedition to the Americas. Historians generally attribute the Spanish arrival in the Americas as one which introduced new diseases to the indigenous inhabitants. As a
...he Spanish Conquest of those living in the Latin American area before Columbus. Egocentrism is shown throughout this piece and society values the Gods and religion and hierarchies are shown.
The land conquered was rich in metals. Gold and silver was worth a lot and the Spanish were sure to take advantage of it. The Amerindian people were aware of the metals and use them for jewelry, but they didn’t know the value. The native people did not have the technology or tools to actually mine it. The Amerindians did not have iron, which was necessary for mining because of its strength. The Spaniards brought new technology but their smelting techniques were not effective in the climate and geography of the Americas. They received help from the Incas and were introduced to something called a guayra, a traditional type of oven. This is significant because it shows that not only were the Spaniards introducing new technology to the Amerindians, the Amerindians had technologies that were new to the Spaniards as well. They created new tools that advanced the mining productivity. The Amerindians were worked according to a system called encomienda which forced a certain amount of labor on each Amerindian. These terms were inhumane and brutal, and led to a huge population decrease. The birth rate went down as well because the Amerindians were being constantly worked and had no time to reproduce, and the women would not be provided the conditions they need to carry a child. Another work system used was called mita, and it forced a percentage of adult men to work a harsh 60-120 days working nonstop for the Spaniards.
British economic interest began in the 1600s when the East India Company set trading posts in three different Indian states. What would India have that Europe would want? The simple answer to that particular question is its spices. Asia was like the Middle East and spice was like the oil of present day trading, and India was one of the most productive markets in the world at that time. During the first hundred years of European presence, the India’s ruling Mughal Dynasty kept the western powers and European traders under control. However, by 1707 the Mughal Dynasty began to fail and in 1757 the East India Company became the leading power in India.(Embree 176)With this shift in ruling power the British population began to rise in India and with this rise of the British population came friction between the British and the natives. E.M. Forester’s novel, A Passage to India, demonstrates the relationship between two very different cultures and their inter-workings as a society, and how they fail to peacefully cohabitate the same country.