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african americans and inequality
the civil rights movement
Discrimination in black communities
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Space and Power: An Analysis of the DC Riots Federal Communications Commissioner Nicholas Johnson has stated, "A riot is somebody talking. A riot is a man crying out, ‘Listen to me mister. There is something I’ve been trying to tell you and you’re not listening.’" (Gilbert ix). During the 1960s the Civil Rights Movement made a transition from an allegiance to the ideology of nonviolence to one of black power and self-defense. After the death of Martin Luther King Jr., waves of disorder spread through the African American sections of more than 120 cities across the nation; however, the heaviest damage was done in the nation’s capitol of Washington D.C. (Gilbert 15-16). I am arguing that the cause of the riots was white people who antagonized and aggravated African Americans to an unbearable point. African Americans turned to militancy in hopes that it would bring some attention to the problems they were facing. During this time period, radical militant black power leaders also traveled to Africa and other third world countries to call for revolutions. The conditions of the cities where many of the uprisings occurred were deteriorating. Research has shown that blacks faced discrimination in employment, education, housing, and in matters dealing with the police. According to Joseph R. Brandt, a black minister during the 1960s, "In nearly every way, the gap between black people and whites has widened, rather than narrowed" (Barndt 17). An article published in 1969 in the Washington Post stated, "Today the Negro wage earner makes 53 percent of his white brother’s salary, while in 1953, the figures were 59 percent." The African Americans of Washington, D.C. did not only making very little progress, they had actually gone backwards. Black people compromised more than one-half of the population of Washington, D.C. but they had less than one-eighth of the top jobs in the city ("Are D.C."). Compared to a white person, an African-American had only a one-forth chance of getting a job (Boesel 312). In 1969, employees of the General Services Administration charged their employer with systematic racial discrimination in its staffing, promotion and training practices (Honsa). Segregation could also be found in real estate and housing. The refusal of many institutions to grant a housing mortgage loan to black people was a definite factor in keeping some of the areas of the city segregated (Asher, F10). In 1964 complaints were filed against ten Washington real estate firms that showed different lists of available apartments to blacks than they did to whites ("Core").
African Americans had been struggling to obtain equal rights for scores of decades. During the 1960’s, the civil rights movement intensified and the civil rights leaders entreated President Kennedy to intervene. They knew it would take extreme legislature to get results of any merit. Kennedy was afraid to move forward in the civil rights battle, so a young preacher named Martin Luther King began a campaign of nonviolent marches and sit-ins and pray-ins in Birmingham, Alabama to try and force a crisis that the President would have to acknowledge. Eventually things became heated and Police Commissioner Eugene “Bull” Connor released his men to attack the protesters, which included many schoolchildren. All of this was captured and televised to the horror of the world. Finally this forced the President into action and he proposed a bill outlawing segregation in public facilities. The bill became bogged down in Congress but civil righ...
The Civil Rights Movement represents a pivotal event in world history. It resulted in positive changes for African-Americans, among other minorities across the United States and much of the world. While the overall goal of all activists during the civil rights movement was to obtain social justice, and terminate racist and discriminatory customs and laws for African Americans, leaders differed in their tactics. Many Leaders hoped to explore issues of race, human rights and dismantle the institutional racism through nonviolent means. However, others felt forced to use violent tactics in order to ensure change. While historians often put an emphasis on the importance of the non-violent tactics of the Civil Rights movement, radical organization’s
Martin Luther King, Jr.’s death was publicized at 8:19 p.m. on April 4th in Washington D.C. by radio broadcast. Merely an hour later riots broke out around the city. Rioters destroyed windows and set fire to buildings (Burns, Rebecca p. 23). By midnight there were no less than a hundred fires recorded by the fire department (Burns, Rebecca p. 23). One man was so furious about the killing of Martin Luther King, Jr. that he hurled a Molotov cocktail through a store front window without realizing his grandmother resided in the upstairs apartment (Burns, Rebecca p. 29). This is an illustration of how resentment can make a person proceed without thinking clearly. Had he stopped to think about the consequences first, his grandmother’s home would not have been destroyed. There were riots reported in more than 100 cities across the United States (Rosenthal, H). Riots were reported in Chicago, Baltimore, Newark, and Detroit just days after the announcement of King’s death (Davey, M. p.25). Several millions of dollars in damages ensued after the riots and left neighborhoods recovering for decades (Davey, M. p.25). The riots devastated the lives and properties of many in the United
During the period of 20 years between 1950 and 1970, black Americans were able to improve their level of civil rights. Therefore, it is logical to say that they were at least partly successful in achieving their civil rights. This was accomplished through a variety of ways, two commonly used techniques being legal strategies and non-violent direct action. However, because they were unable to attain complete equality, there must have been factors that worked against the civil rights movement. One of these factors was the use of violence as a means of protest.
The soft drink industry in the United States is a highly profitably, but competitive market. In 2000 alone, consumers on average drank 53 gallons of soft drinks per person a year. There are three major companies that hold the majority of sales in the carbonated soft drink industry in the United States. They are the Coca Cola Company with 44.1% market share, followed by The Pepsi-Cola Company with 31.4% market share, and Dr. Pepper/Seven Up, Inc. with 14.7% market share. Each company respectively has numerous brands that it sales. These top brands account for almost 73% of soft drink sales in the United States. Dr. Pepper/Seven Up, Inc. owns two of the top ten brands sold. Colas are the dominant flavor in the U.S carbonated soft drink industry; however, popularity for flavored soft drinks has grown in recent years. The changing demographics of the U.S population have been an important factor in the growing popularity of these flavored soft drinks. The possible impact of this factor will be addressed later in the case.
(...) Malcolm X exhorted blacks to cast off the shackles of racism "by any means necessary," including violence”. (4) Malcolm X was also associated to the Black Panther Party. The Black Panther Party (BPP) was a revolutionary black nationalist and socialist organization active in the United States. The BPP is accountable for numerous accounts of successful violent disobedience in effort towards the black community. An example of how violent the BPP was, “FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover called the BPP the greatest threat to the internal security of the country". (5) There are scenarios that prove violence is needed to produce awareness and media 's attention in order to get a response from the people in power. Nothing sounds more convincing than a violent protest destroying your business. Dropping revenue from local businesses creates pressure; pressure that is aimed toward the city mayor. Together united the underprivileged people now have leverage over the mayor. The mayor’s best interest would be to support their demands to regain control over the city. An example would be from a movie “Battle in Seattle” activists arrive in Seattle, Washington to protest a meeting of the World Trade Organization. Riots and chaos ensue as demonstrators successfully stop the WTO meetings. Mayor Jim Tobin eventually ends up
In inspiration of Rosa Park’s actions, many college students took a part of sit-ins for civil rights. “When students refused to leave,” they were denied service and “the police arrested and jailed them,” just like Rosa Parks. They needed to do more, so in 1960, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Community (SNCC) formed. The SNCC would travel to bus stations to peacefully assemble in hopes to desegregate buses. Law enforcement treated them with brutality and denied them their “basic constitutional rights to free speech and peaceful assembly.” In 1963, King organized peaceful marches in Birmingham, but just like all other African American movements, whites responded with violence. The violence of the marches was so brutal, that it finally encouraged, “President John F. Kennedy to propose important civil rights legislation.” In order to push forward a civil rights legislation, “The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom… in August 1963…” This eventually lead to a new civil rights
The mid 60’s was the era when there was an outburst of riots. In the summer of 1964, Blacks rioted in Harlem, Rochester and Philadelphia. They attacked both police and property. The violence and destruction became more massive the following summer. There were riots in the Watts section of LA, and then in Chicago, Springfield, Mass and again in Philly. Ghetto violence rose again in 1966 with 18 different riots, and peaked in 1967 with 31 riots, of which Newark and Detroit were the worst. The assasination of Martin Luther King Jr.
Coke continuously out-stands Pepsi, even though they share a very similar taste and colour, however Coke should not be the drink that receives all the love and attention for what it offers. Despite their similar soda colour, the drinks actually contain some different ingredients, which produce a different taste, and affect the body differently. Furthermore, the way the companies markets their drinks makes a huge contribution to how successful their products will become. The major element for success however stems from their impact on society and how the companies utilize their social power to evolve. The two major soda companies are constantly head to head with one another, yet it is what they do that sets them apart.
Dr Pepper Company is the oldest major manufacturer of soft drink concentrates and syrups in the United States. Dr Pepper is the company's principal brand. Cadbury Schweppes PLC acquired Dr Pepper/Seven-Up Cos. Inc. in March 1995. The new business will be called the Dr Pepper Company, which will focus on the Dr Pepper brand by handling all beverage system sales, which account for 75 percent of its business, in addition to related independent bottlers. The second operating group will be Cadbury Beverages/Seven Up Co., which will service independent bottlers not carrying Dr Pepper. Dr Pepper/Seven Up soft drink brands now hold about 16 percent of the U.S. market. Dr Pepper and Seven-Up are among the top 10 carbonated soft drinks, with Dr Pepper being the top non-cola soft drink. Other soft drink include: A&W Root Beer, Canada Dry, Schweppes, Welch's, Sunkist, Squirt, Crush and Hires (Levy 1999). According to the soft drink industry report, there is large sales growth recently in non-colas. Dr Pepper was number three in the industry. The reason is because non-colas have above-average caffeine level, and will be aimed at the 12-to 21-year-old market. Obviously, management sees this product as an opportunity to more fully participate in the growing popularity of non-colas.
The 10 major products of the soft drink industry are produced by Pepsi and Coca-Cola in America. According, to a news post on NBC from research from 2010, of no surprise number one is Coca-Cola. Most Americans prefer Coke products over Pepsi. Number two is Diet Coke. Many people look to drink Diet Coke because it is the “healthier” version of the loved Coca-Cola. Number three is Pepsi. Next is also by PepsiCo which is Mountain Dew at number four. Dr.Pepper is number five and this is very surprising because I don’t see many people drinking it as much as all the other drinks. Sprite is number six in the ten major products. Number seven is Diet Pepsi with Diet Mountain Dew being number eight. I don’t remember seeing many stores selling Diet Mountain
The soft drinks industry has evolved over the last 50 years. At the end of the fifties households were consuming more wine than any other beverages. By the beginning of the seventies households were diminishing their wine consumption for appellation wine, not to mention that strong alcohols saw a significant increase during this period with mineral water. Other soft drinks such as fruit drinks, sodas and colas became popular by the end of the eighties. Soft drinks sells became steeper during the nineties probably correlated with the fact that this period is situated during the raise of generation Y. This generation was highly influenced by television and Internet, thus commercials. Generation Y has been a golden pool for marketers at that time and allowed companies to progress a lot concerning their marketing research techniques.
Experimentation with the new market for carbonated beverages on the decline coke has done experiments in new flavors and healthier alternatives to try to stay competitive. As well as investing in “Keurig Green Mountain is a K-Cup maker but has a new Keurig Cold that can deliver Coca-Cola through the new system.” (Cooper, 2014)
It has been a long time, the name Coca Cola can almost be regarded as a symbol of consumers’ culture of Americans and people around the world with its interesting history. With a history of over 100 years of existence, Coca Cola was first founded by pharmacist John Stithy Pemberton who served in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. He created Coca Cola to be like a painkiller, healing to treat his war injury. S.Pemberton says “Coke also can cure headache, nervousness, depression and addictions.” As understood by the American people at that time, People believed that Coke is an oral drug. Meanwhile, Coke had a new face when the recipe of Coca Cola was completed by accident. A bar employee, Jacobs, confused the Coca Cola syrup and mixed it with soda water instead of ordinary recipe of John Stithy Pemberton and as the result, Jacobs corrected Pemberton's formula. Nowadays, Coca Cola brand is a top selling soft drink and everyone in the world loves it, but everything has two sides to it. Although Coke is the current popular beverage it still has harmful health risks if we consume too much.
There are a variety of beverages available to us today with a wide range of differences, some are flavored, carbonated, low calorie, energy boosters, and just plain water. When it comes down to carbonated drinks there are two major rivalry soda companies dominating the market. Coca Cola and Pepsi are two well know cola distributors with very credible history, but the question still remains one is America’s favorite? With the ongoing competition between Coca-Cola and Pepsi, each company is incorporating new strategies for marketing and advertising there brands. When comparing an advertisement from each of the companies, we will review how they appeal to consumers.