New Settlement
Each household has identified a host site to which they would like to be moved, the seven households were relocated to seven different villages of their choice. The villages (Magake, Mongatana and Mogobadi) are ruled and administered by the Kings ‘Kgoshi’ (KgoshiPhasa and KgoshiMampa) respectively. (Synergy, 2013)
Most of the rural land in South Africa is still administered by a trust held by the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform for the people. Makobakoba’s village is under a trust which is governed by Kgoshi Mashabela. The mine currently does not need to utilise this land, however because of mining activities, the people of Makobakoba have raised concerns and issues relating to, cracks, snakes and seismic activity causing uncertainty and uneasiness of their building structural integrity. This has then resulted in resettlement. Given that some households will be relocating further away from their present farming land the client has agreed to assist with the costs for alternative agricultural arable farm lands at the resettlement host sites (in the form of payments for Permission to Occupy) however it is the households duty to find adequate alternative agricultural farm land
In the new settlement(s), because the community of Makobakoba is not moving to the same village as a one group i.e. others are moving to Mongatana Village, Seokodibeng Village, and Magobading Village there is a great loose of social fabric and kinship.
‘’Dismantled social networks that once mobilized people to act around common interests and to meet their most pressing needs are difficult to rebuild. This loss is greater in projects that relocate families in a dispersed manner, severing their prior ties with neighbours, ra...
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...d general mismanagement. Retrieved May 22, 2014, from Ghettoverit: www.ghettoverit.wordpress.com
Stanley, J. (2009, March 11). Development-induced displacement and resettlement. Retrieved May 18, 2014, from Development-induced displacement and resettlement: www.forcedmigration.org
Synergy. (2013, July 19). Resettlement Action Plan Developed for Anglo American Platinum, Twickenham mine. Retrieved April 20, 2014, from Anglo American Platinum: www.angloamerican.com
T.E Downing, J. M. (2002). Indigenous Peoples and Mining Encounters: Strategies and Tactics,. International Institute for Environment and Development-World Business Council for Sustainable, 3.
Terminski, B. (2013, June 07). MINING-INDUCED DISPLACEMENT AND RESETTLEMENT. Retrieved May 12, 2014, from MINING-INDUCED DISPSOCIAL PROBLEM AND HUMAN RIGHTS ISSUE (A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE): www.refugeeresearch.net
Throughout this mining process a byproduct is created called chat. The chat is leftover rock and waste from mining that did not contained the desired materials. The chat was left on the site because the Bureau of Indian Affairs thought it could be of value to the Quapaw tribe (1). This chat contained high levels of toxic lead and other harmful chemicals. It is estimated that there are 75 Million tons (150 billion pounds) of chat piles remaining exposed to the environment as well as numerous flotation ponds that haven’t been taken into account (4).
In the Pulitzer prize-winning novel Evicted, sociologist Matthew Desmond follows eight families as he exposes how the lack of affordable housing perpetuates a state of poverty. He even goes so far as to assert that it is eviction that is a cause of poverty, not the other way around (Desmond 229). While this latter argument is as engrossing and it is striking, analyzing it with justice is simply not possible within the scope of this paper. Nevertheless, it is these two factors—inescapable poverty and eviction—that engender an unrelenting condition of financial, emotional, and communal instability, effectively hindering any chance of upward mobility.
With increasing housing prices, it is not bearable to indigenous residents. The author reiterates that many residents of gentrifying neighborhoods fear the possibility of being displaced and are unsettled by the feeling of being pushed out. The issue of displacement in gentrifying areas is one of the biggest issues implied in this chapter. This relates a lot to my research because of the fact one of the main concerns mentioned in my research is figuring out what occurs to residents who are displaced from their homes because they are not able to afford their rent? There must be a certain mechanism that tap the wealth created by gentrification for the benefit of indigenous and poorer residents who may wish to one day live in a neighborhood.
The practice of moving away from home in search of a better place or escaping conflict-ridden area is becoming common. People migrate from one country to another because of
Parks, Scott. "The Displaced: Go Back Home Or Start From Scratch?." Dallas Morning News, The (TX) (2005): Newspaper Source Plus. Web. 7 May 2014.
This essay will define and explain the term migration and then discuss and examine emigration and circulation as well as arrivals. Further its going present some qualitative and quantitative evidence from the book “Understanding Social Lives” and the online module strands to support the claim.
This relates back to Congo, where violence spurred by ethnic rivalries is due to local groups’ desire to make money by getting into the extractive industries. In another example, Newmont, an American company, mines Ghanaian gold and pays the government part of the profits. Here, Burgis shined the spotlight on an environmental issue: the sodium cyanide spill in Kwamebourkrom that killed aquatic life and posed hazardous living conditions for locals (Burgis, 134). Finally, in the last few chapters, Burgis touched on Cecil John Rhodes’ legacy as the founder of De Beers, blood diamonds, imperialism, and violence carried out by local governments and mining companies in order to protect their interests.
“Migration uproots people from their families and their communities and from their conventional ways of understanding the world. They enter a new terrain filled with new people, new images, new lifeways, and new experiences. They return … and act as agents of change.” (Grimes 1998: 66)
The spatial plans did not present enough details and steps to follow for decision-makers which were huge criticism during 1994. This illustrates that there is need for spatial plan within individual municipality to avoid chaos. The principal challenge was having common characteristic between provincial government and local municipalities regarding to the housing and management of land use. The complex problem of infrastructure was also one of the challenges in South Africa as it is not dealt by development and official recognition of a physical plan alone. To remain sustainable and use of land efficiently was a huge challenge and it is a still challenge today. From this it is said that the challenge of spatial planning began from democratic era of 1994 (Plessis, 27 July
The indirect impact of the mining industry has been huge in terms of funding for things like skill development through education and training, there is also provision made for social services in the mines (e.g. health care for the employees of the mines and their families, housing, school etc.) and the contribution the national economy.
Over the years, there has been an increasing trend of migration in the world. People migrate can be due to many reasons such as war, economic benefits and ethnicity discriminations. In addition, globalisation has lead to improvement in technology which in turn made migration easier for people. In this case, migration is defined as the movement of people from one place to another either within the country or across the borders to settle down there semi-permanently or permanently. Forced migration means that people moved to another country involuntarily. The focus of this essay is to discuss on the issue of forced migration as a result of war, specifically in Afghanistan. My thesis is to talk about the situation of the Afghans who migrate due
Shanty towns, as Google defines them, are deprived areas on the outskirts of cities consisting of large numbers of crude dwellings. There is already a countless number of shantytowns around the world, but that number is growing. The main reason why families are moving into shantytowns is economic opportunities…“The driving force behind these migrations is the abundance of jobs in the cities” (Teghrarian, 1997). People, in hopes of pursuing a new career and making money for their family, often resort to these shantytowns for a temporary living space, but soon find out it’s too hard to leave (Painting with appositives). The families that populate shantytowns often work harder than the average citizen, but are forced to live in dirt and tents,
Warhurst, A. (1999). Mining and the environment: case studies from the Americas. Ottawa, ON, Canada: International Development Research Centre.
In order to secure land tenure for the urban informal settlers, different countries have introduced licenses or Certificates in different names. However they all have the same objectives. For instance, in Zambia residents are issued with a 30-year Occupancy Licences while the area undergoes through the process of upgrading. These can be later replaced by certificates of title, which carry the same effect as if the landowner were obtaining a direct lease of the land from the state (UN-Habitat, 2012). In Botswana, Certificate of Use is issued to informal dwellers so as to encourage them on further housing investment (Durand-Lasserve, 2006). In Brazil, Concession of the Real Right to Use is issued to residents. The validity period of these licences varies between 30 and 50 year periods but subject to renew (Van der Molen, 2002).