1. Introduction The main function of a language is communication. We use words to express ourselves and words are our tools of conveying meanings. If a person was able to use words in a way that another person understands them, the message will reach and probably the goal of communication might be achieved. The study of meaning is the concern of Pragmatics, the branch of linguistics that studies the use of language in human communications determined by the conditions of society. (Karthik, 2013) There are ways in which words are used to convey the meaning indirectly in which the listener needs to exert more effort to understand what is meant. A speaker may arrange words in a way that makes his speech funny and listeners will laugh but in depth he means more than what is said and the real meaning might not be a source of laughter. Moreover, a speaker may use sarcasm as an insincere form of politeness to offend his interlocutor or the person or situation being addressed. (Brousfield, 2010, p. 213) In this paper, the researcher tries to shed light on ‘implicature’ as a linguistic device used to attract the listeners attention and the sources of implicature obtained in social media. 1.1 The topic The researcher aims to find out the sources of implicature in videos uploaded by the sarcastic journalist Ahmad Hasan Alzoubi to the social website ‘youtube’ and to find out which maxim had been flouted . 1.2 Research Questions This paper aims to find out sources of implicature that occurred in videos posted on youtube social website by the sarcastic journalist Ahmad Hasan Alzoubi. The researcher aims to investigate of failing to observe the maxims of cooperative principles occurred and why were these. 1.3 Research Approach This research... ... middle of paper ... ...hing. Being angry will you will gain nothing. Being a tyrant on God subjects is unfair. Oh my God! That day, our parliament appeared to be cruel 4. Results and discussion 4.1 Conclusion 4.2 Recommendation The researcher recommends Works Cited Brousfield. (2010). Contemporary Stylistics. Continuum International Publishing Group. Grice, H. P. (1975). Logic and Conversation. In P. Cole, & J. Morgan, Syntax And Semantics (pp. 41-58). New Yourk: S. Davis. Karthik, D. S. (2013). Pragmatics and Language Communication. (D. V. Bite, Ed.) The Criterion , IV (Issue III ), 1-9. May, J. (2001). Pragmatics: An Introduction. (2nd ed.). Blackwell. Potts, C. (n.d.). Retrieved May 14, 2014, from http://www.stanford.edu/~cgpotts/manuscripts/potts-blackwellsemantics.pdf Schwarz, N. (1996). Cognition and Communication, Judgemental Biases, Research Methods, The logic of Convesation.
For example, using sarcasm †̃well thatâ€TMs just greatâ€TM most often used in a sarcastic tone but taken literally it would be interpreted as amazing. The language we use can be confusing we must adapt our verbal communication accordingly.
Some American Media outlets prove to be biased; the information they mediate through discourse pictures and videos are often slanted. In order to be able to recognize the impartial from the one-sided opinion, and in order to learn how language, images and videos work to create meaning, one should rely on the science of semiotics. This paper will apply a semiotic approach in analyzing the attacks directed to Arabs by some biased American Media outlets. The first part will deal with discourse and will explain some properties in language; the second part will be devoted to images and to their Machiavelli use in achieving meaning; in the third part, it will attempt to decipher the hidden information in videos.
Winkler, A. 'The New Terrorist Threat'. Accuracy In Media. November 2010. Retrieved 6 April 2011 < http://www.aim.org/briefing/the-new-terrorist-threat/>
“The media is the most powerful entity on earth. They have the power to make the innocent guilty and to make the guilty innocent, and that is power because they control the minds of the masses.” (Malcolm X). One of the most controversial matters that was on local and international TV news, radio stations, newspapers, magazines and social media sites is the Boston Marathon Bombings which occurred in April 15th last year. There were many opinions about who committed that massacre. Many media outlets were with the thought that the whole crime was staged on the other hand some of them were quick to point the finger at Tamerlan Tsarnaev and his brother Dzhokhar . In this paper I have chosen to put the light on three of the famous media resources which are: the Boston Fox 25 News TV, CNN TV and Press TV (Iranian).
Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman, and Nina Hyams. An Introduction to Language. 8th ed. Boston: Thomson, 2007.
We live in an age and time where media influence is at its highest. The media has an impact on us as an audience through every possible medium including both television and print media. As scientists find and cure diseases, as America finds a new country to invade, as the European markets fluctuate, there has been one constant subject prevalent in the Western media- Islam. 1.6 billion people in the world are of the Muslim religion (Desilver 2013), making it the world’s second largest religion, second to Christianity. Even prior to the events of 9/11, the religion of Islam has been under scrutiny by the media. Edward Said, infamous for his works on Orientalism has greatly contributed to our understanding of the Western misunderstanding of the Eastern based religion. Said has defined Orientalism as the Western’s style of domination, reconstruction, and authority over the Orient (Said 1978: 3). Orientalism has observable effects in the most forms of media. As a result, and irrational fear of Islam and those that practice the religion began-Islamophobia. As defined by the International Civil Liberties Alliance, Islamophobia is “a term which is widely used by NGOs and frequently appears in the media, tends to denote fear, hatred or prejudice against Islam and Muslim” (ICLA 2013). This project will attempt to understand what the audience perception is about Islamophobia in the media. It will aim to uncover the ways in which television channels amplify common misperceptions about Islam. As a Muslim myself, this is an area that has always been of interest to me, and like many audiences I have been able to witness the dimensions of Islamophobia s depicted by the western media. After the events of September 2001, the fears of Islam and ...
For libel and slander, there are three main criteria which are needed to prove defamation. Firstly, the words in used or expressed must be proven as defamatory. Word are defamatory when they in use to lower the reputation of the person. Words are predicted as defamatory or not also depend on the manner they were spoken or published. T...
At the end of the day, it includes auxiliary, cultural, social and also practical information that is required in verbal connections. Dialect in this worldview is not saw as the property of an individual, but rather as one of the numerous mutual codes or typical frameworks that individuals from a general public use for their day by day survival (Habermas, 2015). This idea of communicative competence is consonant with a semiotic way to deal with dialect, which holds that dialect comprises of subjective images whose semantic qualities have been settled upon by its clients. Known as the 'utilitarian methodology' to dialect, informative ability is a response to the meaning of dialect skill as to a greater degree of a mental
Dynel, M. (2011). Turning speaker meaning on its head: Non-verbal communication and intended meanings. Pragmatics & Cognition, 1 (3), 422-447.
In extreme situations, journalists choose the angle they can find, tick the boxes to the news worthiness, but never having a stand. According to Kempf, journalists fulfill certain criteria of newsworthiness and fake empirical evidence, which implements propaganda and in the journalists’ defense “that it did not matter the pictures were faked since they only showed what people already ‘knew’ and since they served the goal of opening the eyes of the public” (Kempf 2002, p. 60). Various examples from the War on Terror, where journalists and reporters would fake evidence just to gain more audiences but examples like this could elevate the issues, and it is as if this responsibility of Journalism of Attachment only adds fuel to the fire and this is done in the name of peace (Kempf 2002).
Ultimately, it is essential that individuals adhere to the pragmatic convention of the cooperation principle developed by Grice. As pragmatics is the study of understanding the meaning of words in relation to the context, flouting on an intentional and unintentional basis may lead to miscommunication or misunderstanding. Due to the nature of email communication, emails are vulnerable to pragmatic conventions such as the Gricean conversational maxims being flouted. Thus exposing emails to be a common denominator for misunderstandings, and a sound understanding of the pragmatic conventions may significantly cut down the number of incidents that occur.
Language is a means of human communication whether verbally or nonverbally. In everyday life we use language to express our thoughts, feelings ,attitudes,etc.A great amount of social interactions takes place every day over the telephone ,by online chats, face –to face interaction or at workplaces .We use language of different forms for different functions as in to inform, question , and sometimes to strengthen social relationships or just to keep the social wheels turning smoothly. Moreover, understanding one's own language and even other cultures’ language is important to arrive at a successful and effective communication with others . The study of language can be undertaken in various ways .Semantics and pragmatics are two branches of linguistics which are concerned with the study of meaning.
Fromkin, V., Rodman, R., & Hyams, N. (2003). An introduction to language (7th ed.). Boston: Heinle.
The above examples require special contextual knowledge to make out hidden meaning of Tom and Sam’s expressions. Why Tom and Sam used those utterances can only be explained by relating them to the context in which they are used. The expressions violate maxim of relevance and maxim of manner respectively.
Semantics can be defined as the study of "meaning" of lexical words and expressions independently of context. Where pragmatics is the process of recognising the "invisible meaning" of lexical items and expressions; taking into account the speaker's/ addressee's intention, the status of hearer/ receiver and the actual situation.