Sound
Decibels are the units of measurement used to describe voltage and power levels. The abbreviation for a decibel is dB (Sauvala). Some decibel comparisons are: 10 dB is about as loud as someone whispering, 70 dB is a shouted conversation, and 110 dB is as loud as a jet engine ("Sound"). Decibels are the expressions of ratios. Some formulas for decibels are power =10log(P1/P2)(P1= power 1 and P2= power 2) and voltage =20log(v2/v1)(V2= voltage 2, V1= voltage 2) (jgoldste@wyoming.com). Decibels are measured by 6's. For example, 6 dB is twice the original value (0 dB) and -6dB is ½ of the original value (0 dB) (Sauvala). O dB is the minimum a human can hear and 140 dB is the threshold of pain for a human (Freedom). Decibel means the measurement is a ratio measured on a logarithmic scale and whenever you add 6 dB the voltage doubles (BBC Online). The average human ear cannot notice decibel changes of less than one decibel (malcolm@mcs.net). Every time the distance from a sound source doubles, there is a drop of 6 dB and the formula for this is DC= 20log(distance1/distance2) (DC= decibels of change). You round decibels to the ones place (Mc Squared System Design Group).
There is only one decibel system, but there are two ways to express values--power decibels and voltage decibels. Power decibels are used to express sound pressure levels and power amp and speaker specifications. They are used for equipment that translates signals back to sound and to someone's ears for hearing. Voltage decibels are used to express gain, loss, levels, noise, and line equipment specifications. These are used in most equipment that pick up sounds, converts them to electrical signals and sends them from one point to another. Both of these can be converted to each other. If you have power dB all you have to do is double it to get voltage dB and if you have voltage dB than you take half of that for power dB (malcolm@mcs.net).
Sound has three measurable parts: frequency, amplitude, and duration. Frequency is the rate of vibration that determines how high or low the pitch is. "Amplitude is the magnitude of the vibration, which determines how loud the sound is."(Freedom) Duration is how long the sound lasts, measured in seconds.
The purpose of this experiment was to determine whether if the sound is affected when it travels through different length pipes. The method used to do this experiment was created by using 5 different PVC pipes in the lengths of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 centimeters. Then, using a tuning fork, sound will be produced on one end of the PVC pipe and measured with a decimeter on the other end. This experiment was recorded using 5 trials for each independent level and the average decibels (dB) for each pipe length were recorded.
At any point in the air near the source of sound, the molecules are moving backwards and forwards, and the air pressure varies up and down by very small amounts. The number of vibrations per second is called the frequency which is measured in cycles per second or Hertz (Hz). The pitch of a note is almost entirely determined by the frequency: high frequency for high pitch and low for low .
Noise is ubiquitous in our environment. (Pediatrics , 1997) It is undesirable sound, unwanted sound. Sound is what we hear. It is vibration in a medium, usually air. Sound has intensity, frequency and duration. The ability to hear sounds at certain frequencies is more readily lost in response to noise. (Pediatrics , 1997). The further you are from sound the less effect you hear it but the more closer you are to sound the louder it is.
Sound is a type of longitudinal wave that originates as the vibration of a medium (such as a person’s vocal cords or a guitar string) and travels through gases, liquids, and elastic solids as variations of pressure and density. The loudness of a sound perceived by the ear depends on the amplitude of the sound wave and is measured in decibel, while its pitch depends on it frequency measured in hertz, (Shipman-Wilson-Higgins, 2013).
Three coordinate systems are utilized when attempting to locate a specific sound. The azimuth coordinate determines if a sound is located to the left or the right of a listener. The elevation coordinate differentiates between sounds that are up or down relative to the listener. Finally, the distance coordinate determines how far away a sound is from the receiver (Goldstine, 2002). Different aspects of the coordinate systems are also essential to sound localization. For example, when identifying the azimuth in a sound, three acoustic cues are used: spectral cues, interaural time differences (ITD), and interaural level differences (ILD) (Lorenzi, Gatehouse, & Lever, 1999). When dealing with sound localizaton, spectral cues are teh distribution of frequencies reaching teh ear. Brungart and Durlach (1999) (as seen in Shinn-Cunning, Santarelli, & Kopco, 1999) believed that as the ...
Astronomer Galileo Galilei observed that the entire universe “is written in the language of mathematics.” As an avid musician, I chose to study the topic of how math applies to music, more specifically how sound waves are transmitted. My passion for music urged me to research the sounds that are made and how they are produced.
as Hertz (Hz). The sounds of speech are in the range of 250 Hz to 4000
The main reason the metric system is known for its simplicity is because there is only unit of measurement or a base unit for each type of measured quantity measured; length mass, weight, etc… There are a few base units in the metric system but the most common ones which are used are the meter, gram and liter. As an example if ...
This includes eardrum punctures and physical damage resulting from fevers and infections. Anyone who likes to sit front row at a rock concert will experience high decibel levels that can damage the hearing and cause some forms of nerve damage.
Each of the senses receives a different stimulus that allows us to perceive that specific type of information. For hearing the stimulus is sound waves. These are waves of pressure that are conducted through a medium (Martini, 2009). Often this medium is air but it can also be water or a solid object. Each wave consists of a region where the air molecules are gathered together and an opposite region where they are farther apart (Martini, 2009). A wavelength is the distance between either two wave peaks or two wave troughs. The number of waves that pass through a fixed reference point in a given time is the frequency. High pitch sounds have a high frequency where as low pitch sounds have a low frequency (Myers, 2010). The amplitude is the amount of energy, or intensity, in a sound wave. The more energy that a sound wave has, the louder it seems. For us to perceive any of the sound waves around us, they must pass through the external, middle, and inner ea...
Speakers are equip with a fixing that is able to take the power of the signal and make it stronger. This part is known as the amplifier.
Construct one of the Amplifier circuits following directions and using the soldering iron. Connect battery and speaker to the circuit. Connect the amplifier circuit to the oscilloscope and signal generator. Connect the signal generator directly to the oscilloscope. Calculate the voltage amplitude from the amplifier from the minimum and maximum settings. Calculate the gain in decibels.
Sound has specific characteristics. Sound has wavelengths, frequency, amplitude, and speed or velocity. Wavelength is the distance from one crest of the wave to another. The speed or velocity of sound is 1130 feet/second or 770 miles per hour at room temperature. The frequency of sound is the rate at which wave passes a given point. To find frequency the velocity must be divided by the wavelength. The final characteristic of a sound wave is its amplitude. Sound is a compression wave. The amplitude is by how much the wave is compressed (kurtus).
Sound is produced by vibrations in the air which, in this experiment, came from the hammer. The vibrations are a set of frequencies measured in units of Hertz (Hz). The faster the vibration frequency, the higher the sound will be in pitch. Pythagoras’s 2:1 ratio simply means that both tones are the same however the second tone’s frequency rate is doubled. For example, the blacksmith strike...
What is the importance of sound in TV or Film, and how can it be used creatively in driving the narrative forward?