In this essay I am going to discuss the form and structure of
Sophocles play Antigone, I will look at how Sophocles structured this
play and comment on this, I will also compare it to a typical Greek
structure.
The typical structure of Greek tragedies had a Prologue and a Parados;
there would then be four alternating Episodes and Stasimons. To end
the play there would be finally a fifth Episode and then an Exodus.
The structure of Antigone was slightly different to this as Sophocles
broke the trend and added an extra Episode and Stasimon; this is
significant as it was the first time this happened in the Greek
theatre.
Sophocles used a Prologue in Antigone at the start of the play. The
Prologue is normally between one or two protagonist and in Antigone it
was Ismene and Antigone in the scene. This is helpful for the audience
as it sets the scene and shows us some of the mythological background.
It also sets the play into its context which is in a time of war.
The Prologue is followed by a Parados which is the entrance of the
Chorus. The Chorus would enter in the Parados with singing and
dancing. They would then compare the story being told with a
mythological background “He fled, fled with the roar of the dragons
behind him”
Following the Parados is the first of six Episodes, an Episode is a
scene between two or three Protagonists and this is where the story
unfolds. Sophocles is credited with introducing the third protagonist.
During the Episodes we discover how the characters think and feel
about their situation, with the Chorus and other characters.
Then is the first Stasimon of five Stasima. This is where the Chorus
re-iterates the key points of the previous Episode and gives the
audience a chance to reflect on what happened in the previous Episode.
The Stasima are used to introduce the characters in the next Episode.
A Sophoclean Chorus was made up of 15 men; it was never women as women
were not allowed. The Chorus sang and danced which brought spectacle.
The Chorus was also known as the Perfect Audience as they would react
the way the director had intended the audience to react. The Chorus
links the story to a larger mythological framework for example they
link the death of Antigone to the death of Danae. The Chorus also
comments on action during an Episode this is called Kommoi “You mean,
then, sire, to put them both to death?” The Chorus also represents
part of the collective community, in Antigone this could be the Theban
The hubris resonating throughout the play, ‘Antigone’ is seen in the characters of Creon and Antigone. Their pride causes them to act impulsively, resulting in their individual downfalls. In his opening speech, Creon makes his motives clear, that “no man who is his country’s enemy shall call himself my friend.” This part of his declaration was kept to the letter, as he refused burial for his nephew, Polynices. However, when the situation arises where it is crucial that Creon takes advice, he neglects the part of the speech where he says “a king... unwilling to seek advice is damned.” This results in Creon’s tragic undoing.
In the play Antigone, both Antigone and Kreon could be considered tragic heros. A tragic hero, defined by A Dictionary of Literary, Dramatic and Cinematic Terms, is someone who suffers due to a tragic flaw, or hamartia. This Greek word is variously translated as "tragic flaw" or "error" or "weakness". Kreon's hamartia, like in many plays, is hybris - Greek for overweening pride, arrogance, or excessive confidence. Kreon's hybris causes him to attempt to violate the laws of order or human rights, another main part of a tragic hero. Also, like all tragic heroes, Kreon suffers because of his hamartia and then realizes his flaw.
Antigone Sophocles When a dictator dies, his image and fame dies with him, but when a self-sacrificing individual dies, their legacy begins. This statement is true because oppressed citizens do not fondly mention a mean ruler, such as Creon from Antigone, after he passes away. Yet a martyr, such as Antigone, also from the story Antigone, is remembered for her self-sacrificing deeds. Creon will not be remembered because he did not allow Antigone to bury her dead brother Polynices, and decides to execute Antigone for trying while Antigone’s legacy will live on because she has the courage to defy Creon, and chooses to sacrifice herself for Polynices' honor.
This whole story is based around the horrors and actions which take place during war, and we therefore get involved in the scenery of war and become very familiar of what the characters must feel.
sense of loyalty leads to her simultaneous violation and observance to the duty of women
Antigone was a selfless person with pride as a strong characteristic of her personality. She possibly had feelings of loneliness and anger from the way society has looked upon her family from their past. It took a strong willed person who has no fear of the repercussions to stand up to a king as she did. To make everything all the worst she stood up to a king who was her Uncle and she being a female back in those time, standing up and speaking out for herself was not heard of.
The origin of the Sophocles’ Greek tragedy “Antigone” has created much controversy about the definition of a tragic hero, as defined by Aristotle. A literary character that makes a judgment error that leads to his/her own downfall. Both Creon and Antigone challenge each other’s conception of the divine and civic law while each has lawfulness in their argument. It is evidently noted that Antigone is the hero of the tragedy; she was a romantic idealist whose beliefs on family loyalty and religious values could not be condemned by civil laws.
Being a good citizen often involves doing something out of the ordinary to help others. Sometimes, that involves going against the will of others to do what the good citizen might think is best. Although this is traditionally the case, the biggest factor in being a good citizen is great respect for the nation in which one lives. If one wants to be a good citizen, he or she might go out of his or her way to help others, however, must do so within the rules of the nation. In the Greek Drama by Sophocles, entitled Antigone, the hero, Antigone, shows, what I would call, bad citizenship. How is this? Why is she being a bad citizen?
Throughout history rulers have used force in the pursuit of the acquiring more power and wealth, regardless of the consequences. The use of force may lead to the fulfillment of ones current interests or goals, but continued abuse of this power in pursuit of ones own interests has historically lead to the downfall of those in power. In the text The Prince Machiavelli says, “It is much safer to be feared than loved, if you cannot have both”. This quote suggests that when given the choice it is better for a ruler to use his power, through force if necessary, and be feared than to do what is right for the people and lose everything. In Sophocles’ Antigone, Thucydides History of the Peloponnesian War, and Sophocles’ Republic the analogy of the double-edged
Brad Moore, a famous athlete once said, “Pride would be a lot easier to swallow if it didn’t taste so bad.” In Sophocles’ well known Greek tragedy, Antigone, the main character undergoes immense character development. Antigone transforms from being stubborn and underestimated to courageous and open-minded. In reality, it is Antigone’s insular persistence that leads to her ultimate decline in the play as well as others around her. After the death of her two brothers, Eteocles and Polynices, Creon becomes the new ruler of Thebes. With this, he grants Eteocles an honorable funeral service for his brave fighting. Claiming that Polynices was a traitor, he shows complete refusal to grant Polynices a respectable and worthy service. Clearly disagreeing with Creon’s inexcusable demands, Antigone declares she will bury Polynices herself so that his soul can be at peace. Entirely aware of the consequences and dangers of this action, which include death, she goes forward vowing her love for her family. Antigone shows strength and determination towards her brother. However, her growing sense of pride leads to her downfall as she sacrifices everything for her family. Antigone develops into an admirable character in which she portrays her defiance and courage, pride and open mindedness, and sense of moral righteousness to show vital character growth as the play progresses.
As we know, the pretext of the play is the aftermath of a war, so I
Imagine what if much of today’s freedoms that we take for granted were never even there to begin with? In Ireland this is what most of the people were realizing when the Government was starting to take control. The Government was getting irritated and wanted to get rid of all Ireland’s language and culture. During the 1800’s Ireland was a thriving culture with much going on. Ireland had many things coming to an end and also starting a new beginning. One new beginning was the organization of the Gaelic League that people looked to for support of their Irish culture and heritage (Bottigheimer 213). The Gaelic League was an invention by two men who had an idea and wanted to preserve the Irish language and culture was dwindling away.
...g strategy, Red Bull should keep the same tactics but also try to reach new sets of customers. For instance, while Red Bull’s sponsoring events mainly associate with extreme sports practiced by men, the brand could also focus on other sports more favored by women, like dancing, horse-riding and tennis. The company should also increase the level of its advertisements on the Internet, as most of its current and potential customers are surfing on a daily basis. Red Bull should thus advertise on appropriate websites in different countries, which students and business people are familiar with.
Tragedy of Antigone The play “Antigone” by Sophocles displays many qualities that make it a great tragedy. A tragedy is defined as a dramatic or literary work in which the principal character engages in a morally significant struggle ending in ruin or profound disappointment. In creating his tragedy “Antigone”, Sophocles uses many techniques to create the feelings of fear and pity in his readers. This, in turn, creates an excellent tragedy.
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