2. Scope of Work This report covers the theoretical and experimental investigations into the solarisation of a biogas turbine. The purpose of this study is to see the effects of preheating the turbines’ working fluid, using concentrated solar power technologies. The literature study includes major subject areas such as CSP technology, biogas turbines, solarised gas turbines and anaerobic digesters. It also shows how these technologies will be incorporated into one another to produce the solarisation of biogas turbines. The receiver will be modelled using CFD software on both an model and full scale basis. For the experimental set up, a dish Stirling will be used at the heat source. This has been specified as it allows for different intensities of incident radiation on the receiver. By moving the receiver along the path of the focal point, incident radiation can be varied as desired. The Stirling dish that will be manufactured will be used in conjunction with another MSC 412 project. 3. Literature Study 3.1 General Premise of the Project Figure [ENTER FIGURE} shows the general premise of this project. The main focus of this project will be the design and testing of the air receiver. This will involve the manufacturing of a small scale parabolic mirror with a variable receiver position. Air will be used as the working fluid in this design. The following is a general outline of how the system works: • A compressor takes in ambient air and compresses it to a high pressure • This high pressure air is transferred though the receiver and it’s temperature is increased substantially • This hot, high pressure air is mixed and combusted with the biogas. The biogas is produced by anaerobic digesters at waste ... ... middle of paper ... ...) (caption: Modeled Comparison of Biogas Generation Potential of Three Different Anaerobic Digestion Processes on Typical 1,000-Cow Dairy Merced, CA Dairy; modelled using US EPA AgStar Farmware program) 3.5 Biogas Turbines A gas turbine is a type of internal combustion engine comprising a compressor, combustion chamber and turbine. A gas turbine is similar to a steam turbine but uses ambient air as the working fluid. The air is compressed to a high pressure, then has a fuel added to it and is subsequently combusted in the combustion chamber to produce hot, high pressure air. This air then flows into the turbine where is pressure is decreased over a series of blades to produce shaft work (output work). The turbine shaft work is used to power the compressor and excess can be made into electricity via a generator. Gas turbines undergo three main thermodynmic
* The air now enters the diffuser, which is nothing more than an area where the air can expand and lower it's velocity, thus increasing its pressure a little bit more.
Russell, J.B. 1988. “Ecology of Rumen Microorganisms: Energy Use.” In Dobson, Alan, and Marjorie J. Dobson, eds. Aspects of Digestive Physiology in Ruminants: Proceedings of a Satellite Symposium of the 30th International Congress of the International Union of Physiological Sciences. Cornell University Press: Ithaca, NY, pg 74-98.
Process 1-2: Isothermal compression. Cold piston compresses the working fluid within the compression volume. This increases the pressure of the system at a constant temperature.
Natural gas consists of gases existing in layers of sediment in either liquefied or gaseous form. It is a common non-renewable resource used for industrial, residential and commercial purposes. In particular, it is an important energy source for heating buildings, providing power to industry and as fuel for vehicles as well as for generating electricity
Cows of all different shapes, sizes, and colors make up a lot of the world’s food industry. People drink milk, which there are other animals that produce milk but cows milk is used and sold in most supermarkets around. Many people consume beef which there is a lot produced in America. Before receiving this topic I had no idea that there were more than just cows with four stomachs. I am glad I now understand a lot of the cycle of digestion a ruminant undergoes just to eat
Energy is the basic necessity of daily life. Nowadays, dependence on fossil fuels for energy needs becoming lower in numerous countries due to the potential of renewable energy to supply sustainable energy to the huge populations in many developing countries who are short of clean and continues energy. Generally, renewable energy can be defined as energy that is derived from natural resources which are constantly replenished and theoretically inexhaustible. Fossil fuels on the other hand can be described as energy that cannot be renewed and will eventually diminish. Thus, in many developing countries renewable energy is the alternative energy to replace non-renewable energy or commonly known as fossil fuels. In addition, according to Sorensen (2004), there is a greater demand for renewable energy sources nowadays due to the uncertainty of fuel price rise in living expenses. Commonly, there are many types of renewable energy available in our world such as wind power, biomass energy, solar energy, hydroelectric power and geothermal energy. However, the main three example of renewable energy are hydroelectric power, solar and biomass energy (Refer to Figure 1 in Appendix 1).
Among various options available for bio-energy, bio-diesel, bio-ethanol and biomass gasification are three major options, which have huge potential in India to develop as energy sources and where investments made would be economical. The objective of this Business Plan is to review the option of electricity generation through the use of biomass energy.
Firstly, the gas turbine engine operation begins with the air intake process. As of all internal combustion engine, oxygen is required to support the combustion of the fuel and the source of oxygen is from the fresh air that is taken in. Initially, the fan is rotated by a driving shaft that is powered by the turbine of the engine. A negative or vacuum pressure at the intake side is then created by the rotating fan. Next, the surrounding air is drawn towards the inlet and causes it to flow into the gas turbine engine inlet (Cengel & Boles, 2011). At the same time, the pressure on the other side of the fan is increased as it is compressed at a lower pressure ratio and causes the air in the outlet side of the fan to move fu...
How Efficient is Solar Energy Technology? Engineering Challenges. n. d. a. d. a. d. d. 8 April 2014. http://www.engineeringchallenges.org/cms/8996/9082.aspx>. How do Nuclear Plants Work?”
Gasification products can be divided in fuel gases and non-fuel gases. The fuel gas (mixture of Carbon monoxide, Hydrogen and traces of Methane) is called producer gas. In particular, section 2.2 focuses on the non-fuel gases such as Carbon dioxide, Nitrogen, some hydrocarbons and water steam which cannot be utilized for combustion. Table 1 shows that according to the gasifier system and the gasifier agent, the biogas composition
Wind turbines are a great source of energy around the world. Wind turbines produce wind energy that can be used to power our homes. Wind turbines convert kinetic energy into mechanical power. Then this mechanical power gets generated into electricity. Wind turbines make energy by the wind turning the large blades, which spin a shaft that is connected to the large blades, which then operates the generator making electricity.
Hot Water Heaters: The easiest way to exploit solar radiation is as thermal energy. One way to harness this solar energy is to heat water. Aro...
The Wind Turbine is a device that converts the kinetic energy of the wind into kinetic energy of turbines. The turbines turn to generate electricity but they work only when there is wind. The efficiency is 30-40%. The environmental impacts are needs many large turbines to generate electricity which can be noisy and unsightly. Turbines may endanger birds and bats.
The era of radio telescopes along with radio astronomy begun with Karl Guthe Jansky's discovery of an astronomical radio source in 1931. In the 20th century, many types of telescopes were developed for a wide range of wavelengths from radio to gamma-rays. (infrared telescopes--700 nm/ 0.7 µm - 1000 µm/1 mm, ultra-violet teles...
... and gas because it is a traditional and time-tested solution (ibid). Moreover, no less important factor is the expensive price of devices needed for providing solar energy and the fact that it pays off in 30-40 years. To be more precise, almost 80% of CSP system’s cost is related to its construction, in contrast, this number for fuel plant is 20% of total cost (Environmental and Energy Study Institute (EESI) Factsheet 2009). On the other side, unlike oil or coal, solar energy is free, and thus CSP operations cost 30% less than fossil fuel electro stations (ibid).