To start off the lab, my group members and I examined three different types of soil. First, we looked at the garden soil, then the forested soil and lastly the wetland soil. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the carbon dioxide levels produced in the soil and the time. Overall, the higher the carbon dioxide levels, the healthier the soil is because the carbon levels have a direct tie to the amount of organisms living in the earth. If there was no respiration, the soil would essentially be dead.
Procedures:
We divided ourselves into different groups.
We used a soil auger or spade to dig about eight centimeters into the level A of the directed portions of soil.
Next, we extracted roots or anything that would impede our results.
Then we took the soil and placed it into a container with a thermometer that took calculated the levels of carbon dioxide in the soil.
Next, we timed each section of soil in increments of one minute, until we reached ten minutes.
We took note of the levels of carbon dioxide every minute.
And we repeated procedures one through six for the additional sections of land under
…show more content…
For the garden soil, the carbon levels started off pretty high and continued to go upward and fluctuate a tad. The forested soil started with lower levels, and climbed upwards, reaching just below the levels of the garden soil. The wetland soil started lower too, but significantly increased and reached above the garden soil. As the time increased, the soil respiration increased, and slightly fluctuated for the garden soil. For the wetland soil, the respiration rates were higher, and that could be due to the extra moisture and water in the soil, making it particularly prime real-estate for micro-organisms and other creatures living in it. Overall, there were high levels all around, but the wetland soil was superior in the area of soil
Many variations and species of plants can be found all around the world and in different habitats. These variations and characteristics are due to their adaptations to the natural habitat surrounding them. In three of many climatic zones, the arid, tropical and temperate zone, plants that vary greatly from each other are found in these locations. In this experiment, we’ll be observing the connection between the adaptations of the plants to their environment at the Fullerton Arboretum. The arboretum is a space containing numerous plants from different environments. The plants are carefully looked after and organized into their specific habitat. Therefore, we’ll be able to take a look at the plants within multiple
Carbon dioxide is necessary for plants to carry out the process of photosynthesis, which is an important process because it allows plants to produce glucose, as well as oxygen. Based on evidence from previous experiments, the growth of the plant will reflect the amount of CO2 gas that is present in the environment (O’Leary and Knecht 1986). This means that the plant growth relies on the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere in order to be successful. Therefore, in several cases, it has been noted that when the concentration of CO2 is doubled, the plant growth will similarly increase (Carter et al. 1997). So, it can be concluded that by raising the amount of carbon dioxide in an environment, the surrounding plants will experience an increase in growth.
More cellular respiration is causing there to be more carbon dioxide in the air. The first piece of evidence that that supports this claim is evidence card D. Evidence card D states once the trees were cut down, some were used for housing and some were left behind for the decomposers to take care of to get energy storage molecules.. This matters because this shows that since the decomposers are decomposing the dead matter for energy storage molecules, more cellular respiration is now being used. The second piece of evidence that supports this claim is evidence card B. Evidence card B shows that once deforestation happened the forest animals started to die off slowly without any homes and cows started
In this lab we are measuring the amount of oxygen used in both germinating and non germinating peas. We are measuring the oxygen consumption by taking a reading of a respirometer submerged in two water baths. The first bath will be cold water and the second warm to determine the effect of temperatures on oxygen consumption. Our negative control will be glass beads to measure to increase or decrease in atmospheric pressure or temperature changes. There is a direct relationship between oxygen consumption and Carbon Dioxide produced, therefore the more O2 consumed the more CO2 produced. To keep the amount of CO2 produced from canceling out any pressure gained or lost from the consumption of CO2 we are adding KOH(Potassium Hydroxide) to the respirometers. Since the CO2 will be selectively removed the change in the volume of gas in the respirometer should be directly related to the oxygen consumed. In this experiment the germinating peas, in both water baths, should consume much more oxygen than the non-germinating peas or the glass beads, because germination has began thus accelerating cellular reactions and the rate of respiration. The cold water bath should slow the respiration down in all three respirometers.
In most archaeological surveys, one of the probes is used to conduct the current through the ground and another probe is used to measure the potential difference across the circuit of the current. The resistance of the soil between both probes can be then calculated by using the equation:
Rising Carbon Dioxide is Great For Plants. (1992, December). Consumer's Research Magazine, 75 (12), p. 25. [Online]. Available: http://insite.palni.edu/WebZ/Authorize:sessionid=0.
We then put the stopwatch on and left them for half an hour. After we weighed each potato tube and recorded our results. We did the experiment twice. We did this to make sure our results were correct. Preliminary method: We did everything the same as in our other experiment except we
Compaction is a densification of the soil which reduces its biological activity, permeability, porosity, and water holding capacity, while at the same time increasing the risk of erosion due to accelerated run-off (13). While some soils are naturally compacted, mechanical pressure (i.e. heavy machinery) can compact soil (13). Erosion is a natural process which is actually essential in the soil formation process, but human activities have accelerated it (7). During erosion soil particles of the fertile topsoil are removed either by wind or water (i.e. runoff), this process is irreversible and can lead to the reduction of soil productivity (7).
Soil nailing was first implemented in 1972 for a railroad project near Versailles, France. It is a construction technique which reinforces unstable soil slopes such as excavations and retaining walls. This technique inserts slender elements, usually reinforced steel bar, into soil slope to provide passive loads to the ground. Different types of soil nailing includes grouted nail, driven nail, self-drilling soil nail, jet-grounted soil nail and launched soil nail.
Soil and rock – Record and describe any exposed soils or rocks that are present. Samples should be taken to determine the rock and soil type. If there is soft soil you can dig shallow holes using an auger to get an idea of the soil characteristics. The auger is held vertically and is driven into the ground by rotating its handle. At every 30 cm of depth, the auger is taken out and the soil samples collected.Any holes created should be made good to prevent possible injury.
Bio-venting stimulates the growth of pollution-eating microorganisms by pulling surface air down through contaminated soil. The ground surface is covered with plastic sheeting, and a vacum pump installed in a well below the ground pulls the surface air down.
depth of the beach. We did this by digging until we met the clay and
This is where carbon sequestration as a process is engaged to store the carbon away from the atmosphere. The process can take place thorough both a biological or chemical process. A biological process, termed as bio sequestration, is assessed to have effects on the global carbon cycle such as climatic fluctuations. Reforestation is one of the biological processes targeting carbon capturing and storage. With trees being replanted, they assimilate carbon form the atmosphere but the carbon reverting back to the atmosphere through burning or decaying of the trees may need to be managed. Restoration of soil in the wetlands similarly, does facilitate the storage of carbon. Wetland soil absorb quite a higher volume of soil carbon compared to more dry land. Globally, organic carbon in the soil is approximated to be higher than found in the atmosphere and vegetation. Agriculture in this case therefore, can be articulated to be a comprehended carbon sequestration method which may be categorized into emission displacers and carbon removal enhancers. As an emission displacer, agriculture can achieve this through increasing yields and incorporating post-harvest residue offering a carbon storage method. It can help remove carbon since crops are carbon dioxide
borate) and 1.0 g. of sodium hydroxide in 20 mL of warm water. It may