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Social cognitive theory essay paper
Social cognitive theory essay paper
Social cognitive theory case studies
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Socioemotional Selective Theory
The socioemotional selective theory focuses on the temporal cortex’s that focus on how goals are developed (Carstensen & Mikels, 2005). Generally when individuals are young this is the phase where one emphasis on setting goals for the future. Throughout the aging process the focus changes to the primary focus on emotional meaning of the aspect of life, and gaining an emotional intimate social relationship (Carstensen & Mikels, 2005). However this theory is not fixed, there is flexibility in regard of individuals that are young who have terminal or life threating illness. Socioemotional selective theory emphasis on the emotional meaning of goals when aging with increasing attention to cognitive and social resources to attaining those (Carstensen & Mikels, 2005).
The socioemotional selectivity theory is optimal for the classification of emotions due the perception
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It is a multi-level that combines all four different levels of representation, where emotions are described according ones individual’s goals (Power & Dalgleish, 2008). SPAARs model there are two parallel paths that produces emotions which have different clinical consequences. Due to the theory having to paths it have basic and complex emotions that can be comprehended. The theory can also be utilized in order to understand or identify emotional disorder and creating interventions for them. SPAARS help understand various psychopathy and provided new perspectives when identify and understanding them (Power & Dalgleish, 2008). In correlation to the socioemotional selective theory it connects to SPAARs in regards of goals, and understanding the emotions. How there are two different paths in regards of emotions, and their two different paths in regards of aging in regards of emotions for socioemotional selective
Social cognitive theory of learning is a theoretical perspective that focuses on learning by observing others and eventually assuming control over one’s own behavior (Ormrod, 2011, p.323). Social cognitive theory is a perspective that helps us understand about learning by observing other people doing the same thing. This theory is a blend of behaviorism and cognitive psychology (Ormrod, 2011). Behaviorism theory relates to learning as a stimulus- response relationship and suggests that learning involves a behavior change whereas according to social cognitive theory learning is an internal process that may or may not lead to a behavior change. For example one might attempt to ride a bicycle as soon as they learn to ride the bicycle but learning how to put air in the bike may not be needed until the bicycle need air.
Black codes that were passed after the civil war ended was an effort to restrict civil rights for African Americans. They helped maintain a cheap source of farm labor and sustained the Social Hierarchy. Black codes made it illegal to carry weapons or even vote. They weren’t able to serve in juries, testify in court, marry white citizens and travel without permits. The Ku Klux Klan terrorized African Americans. Even though African Americans were the Ku Klux Klan’s main target they also attacked Jews, Gays, Lesbians, and Catholics. Not only did the Ku Klux Klan lynch ( public hanging ), raping was involved as well. The Ku Klux Klan started as a social club in 1866, Tennessee. Blacks were separated at schools, theaters, and other public places. The Ku Klux Klan and other terrorists murdered thousands of blacks and some whites to prevent them from voting and participating in public life. The KKK was founded in 1865 to 1866, they burned people alive, shot them, and beat them to death. In the Jim Crow Laws blacks and whites rode together in the same railway cars, ate in the same restaurant, used the same public facilities, but didn’t interact as equals. Whites addressed black adults as “boy” and they were expected to show differences to whites. In Public places the signs “Whites
“Stigma is a “collection of negative attitudes, beliefs, thoughts, and behaviors that influence the individual, or general public, fear, reject, or avoid, be prejudiced, and discriminate people” (Varcarolis, 2013, p. 18). Mentally ill patients are encountered in all settings. Many of these setting are non-psychiatric in nature and are staffed by nurses that do not have extensive training or comfort in dealing with seriously mentally ill patients. Individual stigmas and attitudes that nurses have regarding mental illness can have a direct effect on the level of care given to these patients. These stigmatizing attitudes toward the mentally ill can have very harmful effects on the individual themselves and their families. The negative attitudes result in social isolation, reduced opportunities, and the lack of self worth (Varcarolis, 2013, p. 18). Nursing graduates need to understand that psychiatric patients appear everywhere, not just in psychiatric settings. Knowing how to properly and appropriately care for them is vital to giving the best care each patient deserves. The challenges of social stigmas about mental illnesses affect graduate nurses in developing a therapeutic relationship, and need to adjust and implement appropriate nursing interventions.
To examine the socioeconomic status of my study mother, Susan and assess whether she exhibits similar characteristics to other mothers in the same social class at a local, regional and national level. The effect of socioeconomic status on different aspects of pregnancy and childcare will be discussed.
Mental illness can be described as a behavioral or mental pattern that may cause suffering or a poor ability to function in life. Social stigma plays a vital role in this disease as it can make mental health problems worse, as well as making it harder for the individual to recover; resulting in a person not seeking the help that they need. There are many structural levels of mental health such as the labelling, discrimination, emotional and stereotypical aspects of a person's mental illness condition. Modern day anti-stigma studies have shown that biogenetic and psychosocial methods have aided in the ultimate goal of properly treating mental illnesses. Mental illness has been associated with biogenetic methods/treatments as a means of finding
Even though the American Revolution constituted represented a tremendous strike against the old social order, its founding ideals could not be realized within the socioeconomic framework that existed in colonial America.
Self and other are social binaries that have generated racial exclusion of non-whites; predominantly blacks. Racial exclusion is shown through the practice of xenophobic attitudes towards blacks. It is that this xenophobic attitudes aroused through the stereotypes generated to be the ideal black person possess uncivilised features, lips of a rapist, hairy, violent, and naked (OTHERNESS ARTICLE).Negative connotations are attached to these un-humane like features. It conjures an image of a beast like creature that is perceived through Christianity as a devil resulting in racial exclusion to blacks (BLACK IS NOT BEAUTIFUL). The othering of black is exemplified through the alienation of an African female in London and Paris in 1810. She was placed
The other types of psychological theory is behavioral, cognitive, developmental, humanist, personality, social psychology, and learning theory. Behavioral psychology, also known as behaviorism, is a theory of learning based upon the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. Cognitive theories of psychology are focused on internal states, such as motivation, problem solving, decision-making, thinking, and attention. Theories of development provide a framework for thinking about human growth, development, and learning. Humanistic psychology theories began to grow in popularity during the 1950s. While earlier theories often focused on abnormal behavior and psychological problems, humanist theories instead emphasized the basic goodness of human beings. Personality psychology looks at the patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behavior that make a person unique. Some of the best known theories in psychology are devoted to the subject of personality. Social psychology is focused on helping us understand and explain social behavior. Social theories are generally centered on specific social phenomena, including...
Also known as the implicit theory of aging, the activity theory states that staying active and maintaining social interactions results in successful aging. Essentially, aging can be delayed and the quality of life improved if people maintain active social lives. In other words, there is a positive correlation between keeping active and aging well. Supporters of this theory believe that isolating oneself from society creates a barrier between the “real” world and suppresses one’s energy and former youth. First developed by Robert J. Havighurst in 1961, this theory reflects the functionalist perspective that the equilibrium that an individual develops in middle age should be maintained in later years. The theory predicts that older adults that face role loss will substitute former roles with other alternatives.
In an attempt to define ageing one must take in consideration the biophysiological together with the psychosocial aspects; these two aspects are intertwined.
The basis of this approach is that psychological factors play a major role in determining behaviour and shaping personality. Freud argued that personality is composed of three major systems the id, the ego, and the superego. The id (biological part of personality) is present at birth and consists of inherited instincts and all psychological energies. The id operates according to the pleasure principle, seeking to reduce tension, avoid pain and obtain pleasure. The ego (executive part of personality) is conscious part of the mind, the “real” us.
Social problem is a broad topic, there is “No conclusive idea of what constitutes a social problem.” To define a social problem, there are generally three different ideas to define a social problem, “Something that impacts a large group; Something that the people in a society collective agree it is problematic; Something that violates a moral code.” (Logan) Healthcare has been on the spot light, because of The American Health Care Act. I’d like to present health care in United States as a social problem, because it qualify the three ideas to define social problem. First of all, it impacts a large group in the society, because of its cost. According to CDC, “28.2 million people who are under age of sixty five are insured” (CDC). Second, people in a society collective
Prejudice and discrimination have both been prevalent throughout human history. Prejudice deals with the inflexible and irrational attitudes and opinions that are held by others of one group against those of another. Discrimination on the other hand refers to the behaviors directed against another group. Prejudiced individuals have preconceived beliefs about groups of people or cultural practices. There are both positive and negative forms of prejudice, however, the negative form of prejudice leads to discrimination. Individuals that practice discrimination do so to protect opportunities for themselves, by denying access to those whom they believe do not deserve the same treatment as everyone else. An example of discrimination based on prejudice involves the Jews. “Biased sentiments and negative stereotypes of Jews have been a part of Western tradition for centuries and, in fact, have been stronger and more vicious in Europe than in the United States. For nearly two millennia, European Jews have been chastised and persecuted as the “killers of Christ” and stereotyped as materialistic moneylenders and crafty business owners (Healey, p.65). The prejudice against these groups led to the discrimination against them.
There are many social problems plaguing the world, including the issue of aging inequality and elders. This social problem is significant because the baby boomers of the 1946-64s are now starting to be the youngest old. Our society is starting to, and needs to, change to accommodate the needs of the elderly. There are many different problems coming with this making people have many political viewpoints, theoretical perspectives, and solutions for this social problem. Baby boomers are a group of people that were born between the years of 1946 and 1964. Just nine months after WW II ended people were having babies at rates higher than ever before. In the year 1946 there were 3.4 million babies were born, nearly 20% more than the prior year. This
To understand the concept of social inequality, one needs to explore how it occurs or functions. According to Charles Walker, “Social inequality refers to the ways in which socially-defined categories of persons are differentially positioned with regard to access to a variety of social ‘goods”. Social inequality, therefore, is an umbrella term. It is expansive in nature, as social inequality encompasses a variety of different inequalities; for example, gender, race, and structural inequality are all social inequalities, but they can differ widely in manifestation. The definition of social inequality can also change based on the perception of the individual who is defining the term.