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Social and ethical issues of birth control methods
Ethical dilemmas of contraception
Ethical issues of contraception
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SOCIO-CULTURAL ASPECT
• A study in Tanzania states that the gained influence of family planning is ascribed to both men and women factors, in certain regions. For instance, fertility descend in Pare community is accredited to the high the education of man, the education of wife. The result shows that the education of wife was more rigid. The favorable determinants for fertility regulation are the younger the husbands and the higher the educational degree of both husband and wife.
• “Level of Awareness on the Methods of Contraception” based on the dissertation on Levine’s theory of conservation, the model based on presumption that the center of Nursing is an unclosed network of human beings connecting with their environment, directing to state of health for individual which is a capacity to function in social roles. Also, the study says that the couple’s literacy in family planning methods was according on interacting with the same variables like age, educational attainment, and number of children and monthly income that affects their capacity to make utilize of the family planning methods. It is vital to relate some variables to couples to be able to sustain healthy in terms of their reproductive health.
• Whereas, during the colonial period in Africa (particularly in English dependencies), primal family planning exercises were introduced. Due initially to low government acknowledgement of the need for services and shifting government support, inadequate external assistance, defiance from the Roman Catholic church in certain regions, logistical difficulties, and deficiency in trained manpower, post-colonial application of programs was so gradual (United Nations Population Fund, 1983).
SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECT
• Fertility failure a...
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...onsent or nor to consent an improvement.
• A survey was disseminated in 1996 by Crowley’s to members of CFM throughout the US and Canada that inquired them how “rhythm” either benefit or impair their marriage. The replies they obtained from the contributing couples were generally undesirable in that the majority felt that the tradition of “rhythm” somehow impaired their marriage. The outcome of the study was never issued but rather was yielded as a transcribed article to the Papal Birth Control Commission.
• A study was held to examine the spousal outcomes of practicing “rhythm” over 30 years ago by the founders of the Christian Family Movement (CFM), a worldwide Catholic family action group. Their concluding statement showed that several participants considered that episodic abstinence was damaging to their marriage and produced spiritual and religious difficulty.
Bill Cosby once said that, “For two people in a marriage to live together day after day is unquestionably the one miracle the Vatican has overlooked.” J.J. Lewis (1995-2009) This famous comedian could not have been more correct when recognizing that every marriage will face a multiple number of challenges and is often difficult. Couples, once married, must find a way to end any struggles in order for the marriage to be successful. Marital traditions have changed greatly over the centuries and due to this, the opinion of what an ‘ideal marriage” consists of has changed as well. When reviewing the document “On Love and Marriage” the author (a Merchant of Paris) believes that marriage should not be an equal partnership, but one that pleases the husband to avoid conflict. This can be clearly seen through an examination of: the social, and political environment of the late fourteenth century, and the merchant’s opinions on the area of obedience to a husband, and how to avoid infidelity.
In Hemingway’s “Hills like White Elephants” and Wallace’s “Good People,” both of the young females, Jig and Sheri, experience an unplanned pregnancy and must decide whether an abortion is the right choice. While the former story employs dialogue to depict the relationship of an adventurous, carefree couple in the 1920s, the latter uses third person limited point of view to show a faithful young couple whose religion is their source of morality. Thus, Wallace digs much deeper since both religion and love are a factor in Sheri’s ultimate decision. The enigmatic endings of both stories leave us questioning Jig and Sheri’s choice and its impact on the future of their relationship with their respective partners. The text suggests that Jig will not comply with the American’s wish of aborting the baby because of her vision and the indicative dialogue between her and the American, and Sheri will conform to her religious beliefs and carry the child. Whereas Jig will leave the American due to his lack of obligation, Lane Dean Jr. will marry Sheri in his effort to be a good person.
In Indonesia, for instance, The Agency for International Development (AID) reported that the Indonesian family planning program d...
For as long as we can remember, the idea that marriage is sacred, desirable, and even necessary has persisted in the western world. In a way, society has taught us that in order to live a normal, fulfilled life, one must find their soul mate, marry them, and spend the rest of eternity together. According to tradition, a perfect marriage is characterized by a husband that goes to work every day while the wife remains within the home cooking, cleaning, and taking care of the children. Tradition has further dictated that once the husband returns from work, the wife has dinner ready and the family sits down around the table to share a meal together. American literature is full of stories that both play on or challenge these traditional roles within a marriage. But, one might ask, does
Actually monogamy had developed long before religion became interested. According to Fisher’s estimate, nearly every human society has been monogamous to some degree (69), and she claims that human beings have a biologically natural preference for mo...
child-rearing and family planning have some of the most immediate consequences on changes in culture and even evolution. (Shea 212)
In this mind baffling speech by Margaret Sanger, she explains the importance of attaining birth control as a female. She believes that “birth control should be available to every adult man and woman” (The Morality of Birth Control). In her opinion, every person over 18 should at least obtain knowledge of it, and try to practice it as much as possible. “Not only will birth control reduce the rate of disease and famine, it will also help heighten the standards of civilization towards teen pregnancy and child abortion” (Population Growth and Resource Depletion). Only then will people attain real morality.
First, the pregnancy without readiness because the teenagers has sexual relation “premature” because nowadays it has communication is easy and comfortable. It make teenagers can getting to know it easier and sometime the women it may be deceptive in a way that is not good, for example indecent, fraudulent. Especially the pregnancy has not ready is in school because the women may be problem in social is drop out of school (Growing up global, 2005 p.540) Because of poor academic and the lack opportunities in economic not only economic but also is good occupations and social is good the children of mother have not finish it becomes problem side working, such as cheap labor in the factory. Perhaps someone is pregnant in school have an abortion in the school it help open opportunity for continue to study for the future. Sometime, husband and wife the protection of sexual relation has failed from process condom for example using low quality materials. The causes of the family it reason why want to abortion because not ready take care a baby is born.
“Like most wives of our generation, we’d contemplated eventual widowhood but never thought we’d end up divorced” (Hekker 278). Traditional wives married for love and to follow th...
3. Chandra A; Martinez GM, Mosher WD, Abma JC, Jones J (November 2005). Fertility, Family Planning, and Reproductive Health of U.S.Women: Data From the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth. Hyattsville, Maryland: US Department of Health and Human Services. pp. 17, 90. Retrieved February 27, 2012.
Health. Journal of Marriage and the Family. Retrieved April 8, 2005 from the World Wide
To discuss the concept of infertility, it needs to be understood in the context of each individual culture. The World Health Organization advises the definition of infertility be 24 months of unprotected sex without conception (Whitehouse & Hollos, 2014, p.124). However, some cultures define infertility as having too few children, not conceiving soon after marriage, etc. It is evident that there is a gap between the medical definition and some cultural definitions of infertility. According to Whitehouse and Hollos (2014), social organization and kinship formed the definition and experience of infertility within two of the Nigerian communities they studied. For example, in the community of the Amakiri, the birth of a child is important to the status of a woman amongst the other women. Until a woman gives birth she is unable to partake in the “women’s association meetings”, a major social opportunity. Therefore, the women deemed infertile by the community are are socially isolated from the other wo...
National Center for Health Statistics. (1997). Fertility, family planning, and women's health: New data from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.
However, the wish of having multiple children, especially boys, was challenged by the strict One Child policy in 1979. The One Child policy, also known as Family Planning policy, was implemented across the country as one of fundamental national policies under the administration of Population and Family Planning Commission. Based on the purpose of lowering fertility rates to ease social pressure and improve living standard, a married couple is only allowed to have one child with some exceptions made for some ethnic minorities and rural families. The majority of citizens are classified by ethnics and occupations to fit the specific regulations of compensations and punishments to prevent them from having a second child (Li, J., & Cooney, R, S. 1993).
Roger Balducelli, from The Catholic University of America, argues “it is not the man who chooses his own celibacy; it is rather celibacy tha...