According to the dictionary of Merriam-Webster, Objective is defined as "expressing or dealing with facts or conditions as perceived without distortion by personal feelings, prejudices, or interpretations". And the Cambridge Dictionary has the similar definition: “based on real facts and not influenced by personal beliefs or feelings.” It is obvious that to be objective, personal opinions on the research question or hypothesis have to be eliminated in the research design, research process and report method.
It is the aim of any kind of research to be objective, which means the result can show more effective information and can be generalized to more situations. Almost all the books about social science research method discuss the research should be objective, and more focus on how to be objective. They declare that the research method can determine the research results are objective or not (Fowler, 2009. etc.). In particular, the research methods such as randomly selected participants, Latin Square for inter-subject experiment levels arrangement, and double-blind experience, etc. are designed to make the research objective. It seems that the objectivity is an "automatic assumption if the tools are sufficiently scientific". (Cassel, 2002). However, the paper which discusses the probability of the research results are not objective can hardly be found.
Considering the research of social science focuses more on the complex human behaviours (Jackson, 2007), conflict study as one subject of the social science, in my opinion, is impossible to be objective. Because human behaviours are complex, which are effected by changing of mood or emotion, situations around themselves and the information from outside, the inter-personal interac...
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...ls as possible in the quantitative research paper, and discover the certain factors which related to the conflict, such as cultural background, religion, economics situation and so on. Then it will be easier for the following research to compare the research results, and obtain more information.
Nowadays, the subjective evaluation is a popular research topic, such as the subjective evaluation on happiness, on workload and on stress. I suppose this kind of research approach may be suitable for the studies on conflict situation, because conflict situation is related to human’s emotion and behaviours, thus it should be more effective to ask the subjects to evaluate their own subjective levels, and do the statistics with the values based on subjective evaluation. The results can also be compared between groups, and obtain the “subjective” conclusion based on data.
Every time the television is turned on viewers are exposed to conflicts occurring on the other side of the globe. Technology has made it so that some struggle occurring in some distant land is simply the morning headline for the common person. As the world becomes more and more connected, once domestic conflicts soon spread to the international level. This is why it becomes increasingly important to understand how a conflict can be formed, as well as how they are able to affect a much greater population than those parties involved directly.
Research can be quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative research is objective and involves measuring the phenomena under investigation. Qualitative research is subjective, explores experiences and feelings, and involves the recording of phenomena that cannot easily be quantified (Toates, 2010, pp. 5-6). Both are empirical since they involve data collection (OU, n.d.).
...the anthropological and other social sciences the basis for forming non-biased studies results that can be respectfully referenced and relied upon for their integrity.
Chapter two elaborate on style of conflict, worldview of conflict, negative view, positive of conflict, lens model of conflict, and description of conflict. Chapter encourage me to think about conflict in my life, and the chapter introduce lend model of conflict. The lens model of conflict has benefits in perspective and analysis the conflict. The perspective within conflict would help to understand both side of the conflict. Analysis the conflict would help come to resolution, compromise, or agreement. Also, conflict was seen different with everyone. Even culture has influence on conflict. Overall, I believe that patience would be most helpful in managing conflict.
Having satisfied this researchers then make epistemological assumptions surrounding the subject matter. They must decide on the type of evidence to be collected, considering which evidence will deliver optimum validity. They must decide which stance to take during research, objective or neutral, considering which would be possible or even favourable. They must then think about how this can be best achieved. Should the research be classified as 'scientific' or 'unscientific' and what determines this?
The researcher has employed Doctrinal Method of research for in-depth knowledge of understanding the different types of conflicts arising in a given society and the role played by various NGO’s in conflict management.
A more modern conflict theorist is Lewis Cosner. Lewis Coser defined conflict as “the struggle over values and claims to scarce status, power and resource in which the aims of the opponents are to neutralize, injure, or eliminate their rivals” (culturalapparatus.com, 2013). According to him, the intensity of social conflict is related to the existence of safety-valve institutions, the tolerance of conflicting parties, levels of social mobility, and the solidarity of the conflicting groups. In his research he focuses a lot on the themes of social order and social conflict together. He showed that they can work together to either increase or diminish conflict.
Conflict is a process that happens when one party aware of something that another party concern about has negatively affected. The sources of conflict are communication, structure and personal variables occur in both party. The source of conflict is the communication between different cultures with various meaning in words. The higher chance of organizational structure causes conflict as the size of organization is larger. Personal variables causes conflict as both parties involve in same issue with different opinion. There are two reasons of cognition and personalization is perceived conflict and felt conflict. Perceived conflict is one or more parties aware of certain condition will cause conflict. Felt conflict is an emotional
Qualitative research focuses on subjective data including focus groups, in-depth interviews, and reviews of documents for types of themes. In the article “Perceptions of Older Rural Women Using Computerized Programs for Weight Management” (O’Brien et al., 2014) the researcher conducted interviews using open-ended questions. The unstructured questions allowed the interviewee to express themselves in their own way. In contrast, quantitative research uses objective data. For example, in the article “Do Overweight Adolescents perceive the Need to Reduce Weight and Take Healthy Actions?” (Chen et al., 2009) part of the data collection was calculating the subjects BMI. This is an example of objective data because it is something that can be measured numerically. This article also uses a questionnaire to gain insight on the subject’s opinion, but unlike the interview-styled questions, the subjects could only pick from certain answers. For example, when asked, “How do you perceive your body size?” Underweight, average, overweight, obesity or unknown are the only answers available for them to answer (Chen et al.,
In order to fully appreciate the subject of conflict analysis, a definition review is suggested. A “conflict situation” is defined by Kilmann and Thomas (2009) as “…those in which the concerns of two people appear to be incompatible” (p.1.) Perhaps the only additional information that needs to be added to this definition is “…the concerns of two people or groups of people…”
Pruitt, Dean G, and Sung Hee Kim. Social Conflict: Escalation, Stalemate, and Settlement. 3rd ed. 2004. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2004.
Many people enjoy working or participating in a group or team, but when a group of people work together chances are that conflicts will occur. Hazleton describes conflict as the discrepancy between what is the perceived reality and what is seen as ideal (2007). “We enter into conflicts reluctantly, cautiously, angrily, nervously, confidently- and emerge from them battered, exhausted, sad, satisfied, triumphant. And still many of us underestimate or overlook the merits of conflict- the opportunity conflict offers every time it occurs” (Schilling, nd.). Conflict does not have to lead to a hostile environment or to broken relationships. Conflict if resolved effectively can lead to a positive experience for everyone involved. First, there must be an understanding of the reasons why conflicts occur. The conflict must be approached with an open mind. Using specific strategies can lead to a successful resolution for all parties involved. The Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument states “there are five general approaches to dealing with conflict. The five approaches are avoidance, accommodation, competition, compromise, and collaboration. Conflict resolution is situational and no one approach provides the best or right approach for all circumstances” (Thomas, 2000).
The motives of the research would honest. The first would be how the data is collected and recorded during interviews. Would ensure that information is ethical collected and to ensure the results represent what has been gathered. Also the interviewee’ is protected at all times.
According to McShane and Von Glinow, conflict is “a process in which one party perceives that his or her interests are being opposed or negatively affected by another party” (328). The Conflict Process Model begins with the different sources of conflict; these sources lead one or more parties to perceive that a conflict exists. These perceptions interact with emotions and manifest themselves in the behavior towards other parties. The arrows in the figure illustrate the series of conflict episodes that cycle into conflict escalation (McShane and Von Glinow 331-332).
conflicts. The focus of this paper is to explore the ideas and beliefs of the