Social Exclusion
Introduction
The task at hand, is to define and discuss various types of poverty,
social exclusion, oppression and social policy, whilst indicating an
understanding of sociological theories and the impact of social policy
on society. In completing this assignment I hope to show that I have
assimilated some knowledge through reading, research, and the college
sequences so far. I will breakdown the assignment into its constituent
parts, and discuss each part under a clear heading. Throughout the
essay I will endeavour to show an awareness of sensitive issues,
anti-discriminatory practice, and how this affects the delivery of
social work services.
Defining Poverty
Poverty has been with us for hundreds of years, and research into this
subject dates back to the earliest day of sociology. Poverty may be
described as some individuals, and or groups who are disadvantaged in
comparison to others, and that the poor do not have enough to sustain
a decent standard of living. Does this really define poverty? What is
meant by 'decent' standard of living? Poverty can mean having a
'shortage of the necessities of life'. This comes under the concept of
'need'. Equally, it can mean being unable to secure all the 'benefits
of civilisation', which would come under the concept of 'social need'
(1) Townsend (1979) discusses at length the concept of poverty and
deprivation, and concludes that the two main types of poverty are
'Absolute'and 'Relative'poverty (2). Many would argue that there is no
Absolute Poverty in Britain and that it only exists in third-world
countries. Many homeless people in Britain would disagree, they l...
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...lusion Summary.
14. THOMPSON, Neil.,(1993). Anti-Discriminatory Practice. Basingstoke:
MacMillan.
15. TOWNSEND, Peter., (1970). Concept of Poverty. London: Heinemann.
16. TOWNSEND, Peter., (1979). Poverty in the United Kingdom.
Middlesex: Penguin, Harmondsworth.
Websites Visited
http://www.jrf.org.uk/knowledge/findings/socialpolicy/sp92.asp
www.researchweb.org.uk/pdfs/jrf8/pdf
http://teenwriting.about.com/library/blank/blstory2180.htm
http://www.dss.gov.uk/publications/dss/1999/poverty/main/chapt2a.htm
http://www.jrf.org.uk/knowledge/findings/socialpolicy/sp111.asp
http://www.wtltnet.org.uk/wtltnewsite2/training/m1frpovsocjus.htm
www.eoc.uk/advice/equalpay.htm
www.legislation.hmso.gov.uk/acts.htm
www.online.gov.uk
www.time.com/time/time100/heroes/profile/pankhurst01.html
Segregation The separation or isolation of a race, class, or ethnic group by enforced or voluntary residence in a restricted area, by barriers to social intercourse, by separate educational facilities, or by other discriminatory means (www.m-w.com). This is the textbook definition for
Social stratification is seen everywhere within the United States and around the world. As discussed in lecture, there are two types of stratification systems, and both are prominent in the United States. The first type is achievement based, which depends on a person’s wealth and accomplishments (Wadsworth). In the film, “People Like Us,” this system is presented. A teenage boy is embarrassed of his mother and his family’s social status, so he hides is social class from his friends. The second system is ascription-based stratification which has to do with what an individual is born with. The school that was interviewed and observed in “People Like Us,” prove that the family you are born into plays a huge role in popularity, and the group of friends you choose to surround yourself with. Another example in this film was the WASP label. The man they interviewed, explained that you are
According to PEW study by Richard Fry and Paul Taylor, the study found that 28% of lower-income households in 2010 were located in a majority lower-income census tract, which is up from 23% in 1980. An analysis of the act of residential segregation throughout the US has revealed many challenges that the youth in America either are facing at this very moment or can and will continue to be an ongoing issue throughout neighborhoods. The question of how this form of segregation began? And how does residential segregation effect those involved.
Racial segregation is the separation of humans into racial or other ethnic groups in daily life. It may apply to activities such as eating in a restaurant, drinking from a water fountain, using a public toilet, attending school, going to the movies, riding on a bus, or renting or purchasing a home (Wikipedia, 2017). Segregation is defined by the European Commission against Racism and Intolerance as "the act by which a (natural or legal) person separates other persons on the basis of one of the enumerated grounds without an objective and reasonable justification, in conformity with the proposed definition of discrimination (Explanatory memorandum, Para. 16).
How would it feel if you woke up each day fearing for your life, just because of the pigment of your skin or the irrelevant opinion of someone who believes they are superior. since ancient times, Discrimination has been a great issue in our society, it’s always been, and probably will continue to be in the near future. Now that the discrimination among officers have been in the spotlight, the fact that they’re not getting proper punishments are allowing a great amount of people to realize that This is a serious issue; and innocent individuals are losing their lives from the careless opinions of others.However, this is consistently changing depending upon the area in which it occurs in.
Jim Crow Laws- The Jim Crow Laws were a set of laws with the purpose of allowing the discrimination of African-Americans in the United States. Jim Crow Laws had been previously used in the majority of American states to aid in the enforcement of segregation. These laws made interracial marriage illegal, required business to keep their clients of differing races separate, and promoted the various forms of segregation between races. Following The American Civil Rights Movement, the thirteenth (13th), fourteenth (14th), and fifteenth (15th) Amendments were added to the American Constitution, causing many southern segregation supporters to request their state legislators enact laws (Jim Crow Laws) that would allow them to continue to segregate African-Americans in everyday life. These laws and ones like them are now no longer in use in modern American society, due to segregation being illegal in all American states. These laws were the sort that required Melba and other African-Americans to have to go to a lesser quality school (Horace Mann). Jim Crow Laws were the basis for the system on which segregation was carried out.
Ralph Ellison’s exposure to the Jim Crow south in the 1950’s, he saw inspired him to write Invisible Man 1952. Ellison addressed the nature of American and Negro identities and their relationships. The protagonist represents black society burdened with social discrimination. Ellison’s use of metaphors, symbols, and diction to reveal black obedience is the only prescribed course for getting along in the segregated south. He does so by alluding the invisible man to many objects such as a circus act in the battle royal and using many different adjectives. Throughout the novel the invisible man is on a quest to find himself, he comes across many different obstacles on this journey. Thus causing him to reveal how blacks were consistently oppressed in the south during the 1950’s.
It is evident that inequality (social or economic differences between people or groups, which often leads to unequal opportunity, and treatment) is present all around us, even in modern day Britain. There is a view that because of the inequalities, some social groups suffer more in terms of life chances. This means that these individuals may be limited in their ability to share in the economic and cultural goods of society, such as education, health and employment.
Sit-in- A sit-in, in reference to The American Civil Rights Movement, is an event in which African-Americans would go to whites only restaurants and would not leave until they were served. This was a way African-Americans would show their discontent with segregation in society. By doing this, they were saying they wanted to be able to eat in the same restaurants as Caucasians. Sit-ins were not just about eating in the same restaurants, African-Americans wanted to be permitted to use all the same businesses as Caucasians. Often times, African-Americans who were conducting a sit-in were harassed. Sit-ins were another way African-Americans would express discontent with segregation. Sit-ins were a way African-Americans would make the point they wanted immigration, just like “the Nine” did by going to Central High School. Melba and the rest of “the Nine” were, in a way, performing a sit-in by going to Central. They went to Central and did not want to leave until they were taught and had graduated (most of “the Nine” did have to leave for their own safety, even though they did not necessarily want to). This can be compared to African-Americans entering a restaurant and not leaving until they received service. In both cases, integrationists went into a public facility and didn’t leave until serviced (food or education) or forced to leave.
The treatment if the African-Americans have, in my opinion, almost always been worse than e.g. the treatment of European people. Back in the 17th century, the white people travelled to Africa and took the Africans as slaves back to their country. In their country, they continued to treat them as slaves with, no respect, to do the hard work, i.e. picking cotton, harvesting tobacco, building railroads etc. You were basically judged based on your skin color, not by your character. Even though the slavery was set a long time ago, the segregation and discrimination has yet not completly ended.
The question is, what is poverty? Poverty is about not having enough money to meet basic needs of life, including food, clothing, and shelter. Nevertheless I believe that poverty is much more that not having enough money. The World Bank Organization describes poverty as, “Poverty is hunger. Poverty is the lack of shelter. Poverty is being sick and not being able to see a doctor. Poverty
Poverty is a very difficult concept to have an agreed definition or how it should be measured. As a result of lack of common purpose or goals, it is challenging to establish focused solutions that resolve this issue. The Children's Commissioner's Expert Advisory Group define child poverty as to children who "experience deprivation of the material resources and income" that is necessary for them to achieve their full potential and are excluded from the normal patterns of modern life (Children's Commissioner, 2012, p1). These children miss out on opportunities that most members of New Zealand society take for granted. A universal understanding is that there are two types of poverty - absolute or relative. Absolute poverty refers to lack of one or more basic needs (e.g. food and shelter) that is essential for the individual to remain alive, or it can threaten or cause harm to t...
Discrimination is keeping us from World Peace Discrimination will always keep our planet from achieving world peace. Everyone has become highly judgmental on others, that can’t be kept to themselves. In today’s society, everyone wants to speak, and when it is not their turn, they just hear and never listen. They will never go without giving their personal judgment to discriminate someone, whether it’s face to face or on social media. There are many types of discrimination such as racial, religious, social, economic, physical, mental, and even discrimination upon gender.
Poverty is generally defined as a state of deprivation in well-being. The conventional perspective connects well-being basically to control over commodities, so the poor are individuals who do not have sufficient income or consumption to place them above some adequate bare minimum threshold (Lyman et al, 2004). Poverty is also tied to a particular type of consumption, for instance people may be considered health poor, house poor or food poor. The poverty dimensions can often be determined directly. For instance it can be measured by assessing malnutrition or levels of literacy (Alla...
Poverty is an issue dealt with throughout the world, but we are not all aware of its conditions. Poverty is a very serious problem around the world. Poverty is defined as the equality of poorness and impoverishment -- (the state of having little or no money and few or no material possessions). A question to ask ourselves is: “Should poverty be defined strictly in terms of monetary income, as opposed to some qualitative formula which takes into consideration styles of life as well as material possessions?” (Sheppard 13) Because there are so many different ways we can express the term poverty, maybe there should be a certain way we can determine poverty worldwide?