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social inequality in victorian era
social inequality in victorian england
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Secondly, due to the overcrowding within the poverty-stricken slums, architecture was used in a different way from which it was intended to be used. Today, every apartment comes equipped with a kitchen, living area, dining space, bathroom with a toilet, sink, and shower, as well as a bedroom for every person/couple who lives there. Each of these rooms has their own purpose and their own usage. Also, privacy is a big component in today's culture. Every resident within an apartment building/condo has their own space where they live out their day to day lives separate from the other residents. All of the above qualities are the key features that come to mind when someone considers how a residential development it used, wither it be a house or …show more content…
Slum conditions were the result of the industrial revolution, however, because it was a negative outcome, slums were often ignored as the government preferred to only look at the benefits of the industrial revolution. The higher classes of Victorian London avoided slum areas as much as possible, even going so far as acting as though the slums did not exist. Similarly, the government did not allow slums to be part of the annual reports within the city, therefore isolating them from existence. Also, the lack of scholarly material such as records, books, and journal articles, that can be found when researching slums and poverty within the late nineteenth to early twentieth century today shows just how little attention was paid to the London slums. In fact, Anthony Wohl wrote one of the only accounts of poverty within Victorian London The Eternal Slums, however, the main focus of his book was not so much about the conditions in which the poor lived in but rather the politics surrounding poverty. This once again shows the lack of physical acknowledgment towards slums. As time progressed into the twentieth century, scholars took an interest in studying the conditions within the slums with the hope of evoking change. In Henry Mess’ book The Facts of Poverty, he describes the houses and streets of the slums as having no colour or ornament within them. The mortar had perished between the brick, there was not a tree or bush to be seen aside from the occasional window box, and no forecourts instead the doors of the houses opened straight onto the street. In the alleys of the slums, it was not uncommon to find every third or fourth window smashed and replaced with sacking or brown paper. From Mess’ account of the condition within the slums, it is clear that the maintenance within the area was neglected. This prompted the
During the 1800’s, the lower class of London was so large, it basically formed its own city. With a large population and improper disposal of wastes the city became covered in excrement and rotting food. Because London became so unsanitary, many worked jobs to try and remove some of the waste and make use with what they could. Many of the lower class citizens preformed these unsafe and unsanitary jobs of removing waste in order to try and make or find enough money to survive. I feel that today it is still seen that people of a lower economic
The connection between poor living conditions, low income families, and inequality of varying groups go hand in hand when dealing with poverty as discussed in Evicted by Matthew Desmond. These issues are often swept under the rug for those not immersed in the situation and can even be unknown. There is gender inequality which can affect every aspect of life, including dwelling. There is also racial inequality which also renders the quality of life. Both themes have a deeper meaning and are connected at the source of poor education and job discrimination.
Symbolism is the key to understanding Sandra Cisneros’ novel, “The House on Mango Street”. By unraveling the symbolism, the reader truly exposes the role of not only Latina women but women of any background. Esperanza, a girl from a Mexican background living in Chicago, writes down what she witnesses while growing up. As a result of her sheltered upbringing, Esperanza hardly comprehends the actions that take place around her, but what she did understand she wrote in her journal. Cisneros used this technique of the point of view of a child, to her advantage by giving the readers enough information of what is taking place on Mango Street so that they can gather the pieces of the puzzle a get the big picture.
In the Pulitzer prize-winning novel Evicted, sociologist Matthew Desmond follows eight families as he exposes how the lack of affordable housing perpetuates a state of poverty. He even goes so far as to assert that it is eviction that is a cause of poverty, not the other way around (Desmond 229). While this latter argument is as engrossing and it is striking, analyzing it with justice is simply not possible within the scope of this paper. Nevertheless, it is these two factors—inescapable poverty and eviction—that engender an unrelenting condition of financial, emotional, and communal instability, effectively hindering any chance of upward mobility.
Wohl, Anthony S. The Eternal Slum: Housing and Social Policy in Victorian London. London: Edward Arnold, 1977.
1. What are the three distinct classes of homes in the tenement houses? In what ways does each reflect the needs and resources of the renters?
“One by one, many of the working class quarters of London have been invaded by the middle-classes—upper and lower. Shabby, modest mews and cottages—two rooms up and two down—have been taken over, when their leases have expired, and have become elegant, expensive residences .... Once this process of ‘gentrification’ starts in a district it goes on rapidly until all or most of the original working-class occupiers are displaced and the whole social character of the district is changed.”
It is often easy to castigate large cities or third world countries as failures in the field of affordable housing, yet the crisis, like an invisible cancer, manifests itself in many forms, plaguing both urban and suburban areas. Reformers have wrestled passionately with the issue for centuries, revealing the severity of the situation in an attempt for change, while politicians have only responded with band aid solutions. Unfortunately, the housing crisis easily fades from our memory, replaced by visions of homeless vets, or starving children. Metropolis magazine explains that “…though billions of dollars are spent each year on housing and development programs worldwide, ? At least 1 billion people lack adequate housing; some 100 million have none at all.? In an attempt to correct this worldwide dilemma, a United Nations conference, Habitat II, was held in Istanbul, Turkey in June of 1996. This conference was open not only to government leaders, but also to community organizers, non governmental organizations, architects and planners. “By the year 2000, half the world’s people will live in cities. By the year 2025, two thirds of the world population will be urban dwellers ? Globally, one million people move from the countryside to the city each week.? Martin Johnson, a community organizer and Princeton professor who attended Habitat II, definitively put into words the focus of the deliberations. Cities, which are currently plagued with several of the severe problems of dis-investment ?crime, violence, lack of jobs and inequality ?and more importantly, a lack of affordable and decent housing, quickly appeared in the forefront of the agenda.
Cities during the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century showed great increase in population in Britain and created terrible conditions for the poor working class and their families. These unbelievably harsh living conditions can be seen on image 1 and 3 where families are forced to live in an overcrowded and inadequate room. There was a very high demand of houses and many were constructed in terraced rows that can be seen in image 4. Some of these houses had just a small yard at the rear where an outside toilet was placed. Others were ‘back to back’ without yard as shown in image 2. The people who lived in cities needed cheap homes as the Industrial Revolution continued to grow.
In discussions of Gentrification, one controversial issue has been with displacement. Gentrification is the process of renovating and repairing a house or district so that it complies to wealthier residents (Biro, 2007, p. 42). Displacement is a result of gentrification, and is a major issue for lower income families. Gentrification is causing lower-income residents to move out of their apartments because they’re being displaced by upper class residents who can afford high rent prices and more successful businesses. Throughout out the essay, I will discuss how gentrification affects lower income residents and how it results in displacement. Then I will follow on by discussing some positive and negative effects that take place because of Gentrification.
Housing in inner city areas was poor quality and in a 1991 census it was found that over 1 million homes in the inner cities still lacked the basic amenities of bathrooms, WC’s and hot water. The occupants have low incomes and are often elderly, young
Writers like Henry Mayhew (London Labour and the London Poor) and Jack London (The People of the Abyss), and artists like Gustave Dore (London) and John Thomson (Street Life in London) - all chroniclers of the desperate conditions of those in the East End - helped enlighten many around world - particularly those who lived just beyond the permeable boundaries of that notorious area - as to the needs of the city's unfortunate members of society. Their works called out - whether directly or indirectly - for some sort of radical social reform, but there was little immediate response.
Wilson, W.J. (1996). From Instituional to Jobless Ghettos. In R.T. Legates, & F. Stout (Eds.). The City Reader (pp. 110-119). New York, NY: Routledge.
...he squatter camps of the city which they are living. Moreover slums are also the source of all kinds of social evils such as drugs and prostitution because of the lowest security.
In this essay ‘poor’ shall be split into two separate definitions: vagrant and settled poor. Where vagrant poor are those who wander from parish to parish searching for work and settled poor are those who have a house. These two groups are quite distinct, as the settled poor vastly out numbers the vagrant poor and there lives were very different. As the settlement act and other acts, which shall be discussed, treated them differently, with the vagrant poor being shunned by society. This essay shall be finding out whether the lives of the poor changed for the best or simply stayed the same. The lives of the settled poor shall be examined in the first half of the essay and the vagrant poor in the later.