Slope Movement
There are certain threshold conditions that can be applied to slopes-
if a threshold condition is exceeded then the slope moves. There are
many types of movement, and the following factors can affect movement:
a) Rockfall
On a cliff face material will fall as it becomes released by
weathering, and often accumulates as scree at the cliff foot. The
angle of the scree is just below the threshold angle for movement and
is called the angle of rest.
A particle of weathered material remains at rest on a slope if the
frictional resistance to movement is greater than the down slope
stress produced by the particle weight.
Rockfalls from cliffs do not usually cause too much damage as they
often occur on coasts or in sparsely occupied areas.
B& C) Slide and flow rapid mass movement
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On more gentle slopes, there will be a soil cover or particles that do
not move singularly. Fig 5.12 shows movement occurring if the
threshold angle is exceeded. Soils can r...
Avalanches kill back country recreationalists every year, including skiers, snowboarders, snowshoers, and snowmachiners. All back country users should have knowledge of the basic physics of avalanches to help them evaluate local and regional potential for slides. The foundation of this knowledge comes from understanding how the surrounding environmental conditions in previous weeks, previous days, and the day in question all contribute to snow stability or instability, and how specific factors affect snow on a micro-scale, which determines how snow slopes will behave on a macro-scale. There are two major types of avalanches (excluding debris avalanches from broken cornices and ice formations). These are point releases, or loose snow slides, and slab avalanches. While point releases can be dangerous and should be avoided, slab avalanches are much more catastrophic and account for most of the backcountry avalanche disasters involving humans. Basic physics of point releases are discussed here, followed by a discussion on the basic physics of slab avalanches, and how external factors contribute to the stability or instability of a snow covered slope.
- Some relevant science principles are kinetic energy, potential energy, thermal energy, conservation of energy, work, power, and forces. Kinetic energy is the force of movement. This energy is applied and increased when the roller coaster is traveling downwards. Potential energy is the force of position. This energy is applied when at the top of the first hill and is increased when traveling upwards. Thermal energy is the energy of heat. This energy is applied while the roller coaster is in motion. Conservation of energy is the fact that energy cannot be created or destroyed and that the amount of energy remains constant. Work is the transfer of energy, such
Desert pavements are common landforms in arid regions. They consist of flat or sloping surfaces where stones are closely packed angular or rounded, and generally exhibit low relief (Mabbutt, 1977). Pavements tend to form on both alluvial fan toposequences and on weathering volcanic flow fields in arid regions. Soils are often found under desert pavements and they play an important role in the evolution of pavements (McFadden et. al., 1987). In the past there have been several theories as to the formation pavements and soil development beneath them. Deflation, or the erosion of finer grained particles from a surface, stone concentration by wash erosion and upward displacement of stone due to shrink and swell clay characteristics were at one time believed to be the main factors in the formation of desert pavements (Mabbutt, 1977). However, more recent research has shown that desert pavements are born and maintained at the surface, and that the soil below them is mainly eolian in origin. Slow accretion of eolian dust below the pavement is a process that eventually develops cumulate horizons. Eolian dust in environments where pavements often develop is rich in carbonate salts and clays due to the fact it often originates from nearby playa lake evaporate basins (McFadden et. al., 1987). Soils that form below the pavements over time develop calcic horizons and clay rich structure due to the influx of these eolian fines through the pavement surface. In turn the development of mature or plugged calcic horizons effects the form of the pavement surface because it alters the water drainage infiltration rate and causes pavements to decline.
In this lab, we experimented how the incline of a ramp affects the acceleration of the toy car. In this experiment, we sent a toy car down 3 different ramps at 3 different heights. All 3 of the ramps had the same length of about 3.065 meters to ensure accurate data. We had to record The number of Trials, time, final time, distance, final distance, velocity, final velocity, and acceleration. In our lab the Independent variable was the height of the ramp and the Dependent variable is the Acceleration of the car when going down the ramp. With the small ramp, the average time moving down the ramp was 3.58 seconds. Then the average acceleration for the small ramp was .26 m/ss. That was the slowest time and acceleration out of all 3 slopes. Up second
As human are we willing to take the risk necessary to survive? Lisa Belkin author of “The Made-to Order-Savior” and Lisa Slater author of “Who holds the Clicker?” both tells us a story about the choices we make as humans to survive and the ethical questions raise by it. In Belkin’s essay is about a little girl named Molly Nash who is born with a rare disease called Fanconi disease. Her only way to survive is through her parents having another child with an exact match as her the procedure is called “In-vitro fertilization”. Now in Slater story is about this middle age man Mario Grotta who suffers from OCD. Obsesive compulsive disorder is what stands in the way of Mario having a normal life. Mario who has been through mostly every procedure possible finds himself with one last hope by inserting Neural implants. A risky operation that involves drilling a hole in his skull. Both essays connects with the risk both humans take to survive. The question is “When should we step on the slippery slope?” the answer should be when there’s no other possibilities left. No matter the ethical questions raised, we should advance since with time we progress with medicine. Also as human instinct we should risk the possibilities even when death is a possible outcome
Curves International is a world-renowned women’s only fitness center, a pioneer in the “express workouts”. Curves target client base consists of all types of women; from the busy executive to the ultra busy soccer mom, and most importantly, Curves caters to women who overall want to be healthy. Curves makes exercise fun and beneficial for women regardless of fitness goals.
Debris flows consist of loose mud, sand, soil, rock, and water that travel down a slope because of gravity. Broken rocks and heavy rainfalls are two of the main factors that cause debris flows.The San Gabriel Mountains were created because of the movement of the Pacific plate and the North American plate along the San Andreas Fault. As the two plates slide past each other, which is known as transform boundary, earthquakes occur along the fault. These earthquakes along the fault lead to the destruction of the San Gabriel Mountains producing more rocks and debris for potential debris flows. This shows that the energy from the Earth’s interior which cause the tectonic plates to move (in this case slide past each other) causes earthquakes which loosens up the rocks, producing more debris for the debris flows in San Gabriel Mountains. This is a cyclical process called the cycle of erosion which could also lead to the creation of mountains over long periods of time which is why it can be referred to as a cyclical process. Also another factor that leads to debris flows is heavy rainfalls, which, as discussed before is cause by the sun’s energy. The energy from the sun causes water to turn into water vapor and rise to form clouds which then condenses to form rain. This is a cyclical process known as the hydrological cycle and is caused by the
The curvilinear relationship amongst age and crime is a standout amongst the most steady discoveries in criminology, and it has been alluded to as a “resilient empirical regularity” (Brame & Piquero, 2003, p. 107. Social analysts as right on time as Quetelet in the 1800s (Steffensmeier, Allan, Harer, and Streifel, 1989) recognized a solid relationship amongst age and crime that has come to be known as the age–crime bend. The general type of the relationship amongst age and crime is very little bantered about. In total reviews, the age–crime bend is unimodal, with authority crime rates ascending in youth to a crest in the late young years and after that declining quickly through adulthood. It is likewise evident that the age–crime bend crests
...lside homes where earth movement can cause a foundation to slide. Conscientious builders perform a soil test before they start to learn how solid the earth is beneath the building, A few skip this step”
Living in Bangladesh, we have seen quite disastrous mudslides from the past few years. Mudslide is also called a landslide or a land slip. It is a downward mass movement of earth or rock on unstable slopes, including many forms resulting from differences in rock structure, coherence of material involved, degree of slope, amount of included water, extent of natural or artificial undercutting at the base of the slope, relative rate of movement, and relative quantity of material involved. There are numerous facts that can cause a mudslide and there are also numerous effects that it can cause us.
Hydraulic Action, when waves hit the cliff, air is forced into cracks, and then as the wave retreats this air expands explosively. Over time the cracks enlarge, weakening the base of the cliff causing erosion.
In Newtonian physics, free fall is any motion of a body where its weight is the only force acting upon it. In the context of general relativity, where gravitation is reduced to a space-time curvature, a body in free fall has no force acting on it and it moves along a geodesic. The present article only concerns itself with free fall in the Newtonian domain.
Rock mechanics is a discipline that uses the principles of mechanics to describe the behaviour of rock in different engineering scale level. Usually for engineering projects (slopes, tunnels and foundations), the scale ranges from a few tens to a few hundred meters. At engineering scale, rock is said to be inhomogeneous, discontinuities, anisotropic and non-linearly elastic. Besides that, rock mechanics also deals with the response of rock when the current boundary condition is disturbed; for instance, excavation of a tunnel in the ground, the in-situ stress of the rock is disturbed.
There are many different glacial landforms created by glacial erosion, one of these landforms is U-shaped valleys or glacial troughs. This glacial landform has many distinct characteristics. One of these characteristics is that it has very steep valley sides caused by the glacier as it moves down the valley eroding the sides of the valley by the processes of abrasion and plucking. Abrasion is when the boulders and moraine carried by the glacier rubs and erodes the valley side as it physically moves down the valley. Plucking happens when the water in the glacier freezes inside of the cracks in the individual rocks on the valley side then the water freezes and as the glacier moves the rock is plucked or torn from the valley side producing the steep side to the valley.
As a result of this process, the mine sites "do not develop normal soil structure or support the establishment of a plant cover". Many mine sites have...