SKELETON OF HAND The hand’s skeleton has three regions. 1) Carpal 2) Metacarpal 3) Phalanges
1) Carpal The Proximal row contains (lateral to medial side)-
i) SCAPHOID ii) LUNATE iii) TRIQUETRAL iv) PISIFORM The distal row contains in same order-
i) TRAPEZIUM ii) TRAPEZOID iii) CAPITATE iv) HAMATE.
The proximal row is convex proximally, and concave distally. The distal row is convex proximally and flat distally. Each bone has 6 surfaces- Palmar, dorsal, lateral, medial, proximal, distal. There are four bony pillars at the four corners of carpal bones. All attachments are to these four pillars ie scaphoid, pisiform, trapezium and hamate. A) SCAPHOID The scaphoid bone is boat shaped and it has a tubercle on
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iv) The groove lodges the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis.
F) TRAPEZOID The trapezoid resembles the shoe of the baby.
For side determination-
i) The distal articular surface is bigger than the proximal. ii) The palmar nonarticular surface is prolonged laterlly.
Articulations-
Scaphoid, trapezium, 2nd metacarpal and capitates.
G) CAPITATE The capitate is the largest carpal bone with a rounded head.
For side determination- The dorsomedial angle is a distal most projection from the body of capitate. It bears a small facet for the fourth metacarpal bone.
Articulations-
Scephoid, lunate, hamate, 2nd,3rd , 4th metacarpal and trapezoid.
H) HAMATE It is wedge shaped with a hook near the base.
For side determination-
i) The hook projects from the distal part of the palmar surface, and it is directed laterally.
Articulations-
Triquetral, lunate, capitates, 4th and 5th metacarpal.
2) Metacarpal
Metacarpal bones are 5 in number and numbered from lateral to medial side. They are short long bones.
PARTS:
i) Head: rounded. ii) Base:
In both species, deltoid muscles allow for the abduction of the humerus. The next two muscles are the biceps brachii and its opposing muscle the triceps brachii. The biceps brachii consists of two heads, which arise from the scapula and join to form a single muscle that ends upon the upper forearm. The most important functions of the biceps brachii are the supination of the forearm and the flexing of the elbow. The triceps brachii on the other hand extends the forearm in both minks and humans and has three heads as opposed to two in its antagonist biceps brachii (Scott).
The book I read this month was Sammy Keyes and the Skeleton Man. This is the second book in the Sammy Keyes collections by Wendelin Van Draanen. This book is a mystery and has 171 pages.
Selection of Book: There were numerous purposes and objectives as to why I chose to read this particular anthropology manuscript of all the various other options available. For one, I selected this book initially due to the title of the book. “Dancing Skeleton” was the portion of the title that primarily stuck out to me, and made me imagine African children – who we see on commercials all the time in third world countries, which tend to look malnourished all throughout their adolescents – dancing around with skin-wrapped skeletal bones. Personally, for me, seeing children suffering from malnourishment and starvation must be one of the most unbearably agonizing pains a child can go through, not to mention the suffering of a mother having to watching her child gradually starve to death. I was additionally very much interested in understanding precisely what other individuals in different parts of the world and specifically Mali, are lacking that is affecting their health and well-being so noticeably. Furthermore, I was especially interested is reading informal stories and accounts through the eyes of the author about conducting specified field research on infant feeding and the importance of children
“This is my lab and what we do is study bones,” states Kari Bruwelheide in her video entitled “30,000 Skeletons”. Of the three resources that we were provided, “Puzzles of the Chesapeake” by Sally Walker, “Forensic Anthropology” by an unknown author, and “30,000 Skeletons” by Smithsonian Education presented by Kari Bruwelheide, the resource “30,000 Skeletons” is by far the best at explaining the role of an anthropologist. It is unbeatable because it is a video rather than just written words, and Kari Bruwelheide has personal experience in being a forensic anthropologist. A forensic anthropologist is a scientist that studies human remains, or in another word, skeletons, to try to find out information about the past.
“The Lovely Bones” is a book written by Alice Sebold. It was published in 2002, and it’s about Susie Salmon, a girl that was murdered and no watches her family and murderer from her own heaven. She tries to balance her feeling and watch out for her family since her murderer is still free and with nobody knowing how dangerous he is. In 2009, a movie adapted from the book came out as well.
Imagine a teenage boy who is isolated on a faraway island, without food or water. The hot and sticky weather is intolerable, but the rampaging storms are worse. He quickly develops malaria and diarrhea, and on top of that, blood-sucking insects and menacing reptiles lurch beneath his feet. He has no idea what is coming, but he needs to survive. This is the story of a young boy who has to travel to the other side of the world to realize that everything can’t go his way.
There is common plan for all limbs: one bone, followed by two bones, then a bunch of little bones, and finally digits. This array of bones is seen in many species including, but not restricted to bats, whales, and lizards. But how do these limbs develop and why do they all look similar? Shubin explains it by conveying that there are certain genetic switches that help assemble who we are. When scientists went looking for this genetic switch in limbs, they found a couple tissue areas in the limbs that allow this body plan to occur. “A strip of tissue at the extreme end of the limb bud is essential for all limb development…This patch of tissue was named the zone of polarizing activity (ZPA).” ZPA allows humans to have opposable thumbs and pinkies. In other organisms, it differentiates the “thumb” side from the “pinky” side. Scientists then wanted to discover the molecule that allowed this changen in the ZPA, the answer is Sonic hedgehog. Shubin points out that every limbed animal h...
...vejoy, the team’s anatomy expert, hypothesized that the bone crushed and fossilized misshapen, causing the position of the bones to seem as if they “flared up like a chimp’s.” This initial conclusion might have been the correct one, but Lovejoy was part of Johanson’s team, and as such, his analysis was done under Johanson’s influence. Johanson concluded that this chimp-like bone was an illusion, and the reconstruction that followed resulted in a bipedal pelvis. It is unclear how certain the researchers can be that the final result was the original shape of the bone, but one thing is clear – the reconstruction was done under the influence of the initial and final conclusion. When the assembly and analysis of the bones are done by a team of researchers already pre-disposed to a specific hypothesis, it is little wonder that the evidence ends up fitting the hypothesis
Feder and Park present a list of traits that are used by paleoanthropologists to distinguish the appearance of skeletal features and characterize these changes over time. Th...
The coccyx is a triangular-shaped bone located in the axial skeleton at the end of the spine and is inferior to the sacrum. This bone is really a set of small of bones (usually four, but could be three or five) that fuse during development. Since it is shaped like a tail, it is generally referred to as the tailbone. I found it fascinating that genetic research found that the same genes that produce the tails of mice also are responsible for the development of the coccyx. If ever there is a point to be made for evolution, the coccyx is it. I bet we were some awesome-looking creatures in ancient times – moving around, twitching our little tails!
The skeleton is divided into two major parts: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton forms the central axis of the body and includes skull, spine, ribs, and sternum. The appendicular skeleton includes the appendages, which are the shoulders, arms, hips, and legs.
One of the main aims of Rizzi 1997 is “to explore some aspects of the fine structure of the left periphery” and “to postulate an articulated array of X-bar projections which will be assumed to constitute the complimentizer system”(Rizzi 1997:281). He also addresses some of “the adjacency and anti-adjacency effects involving elements of the C system and different kinds of fillers of the subject position (overt DP, PRO, trace) which are that are amenable to an explanation in terms of the assumed structure of the C system”.
Twenty-eight bones make up the skull. Eight of these bones are interlocking plates. These plates form the cranium.
The nail clipper has two main parts that are bolted together and provide the necessary leverage to trim the nail. Attached to the base of the nail clipper is a file that is connected by a circular shaft that allows you to rotate the file 360 degrees about the shaft. A bolt to the base connects the second part that provides leverage and this rotates about the bolt to either a position that is parallel to the main part or at a point that is 43 degrees at an angle to the main part (Figure 1).
There is two divisions of the bones, the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton consists of 80 bones which include the skull, vertebral column, ribs and sternum. The skull considts of 22 bones. The cranium which cover the brain are made up of 8 bones and the facial is made up of 14 bones.