1- Discuss the role of historical references in The Crucicle, by Arthur Miller, and in Mother Courage and her children, by Bertolt Brecht.
Both plays, The Crucible and Mother Courage and her children, deal with historical material, so they can be considered epic plays. Epic plays provide a historical distance from the event the playwright wants to analyze. In The Crucible, Arthur Miller made an analogy using the episode about witches hunt occurred in Salem, Massachusetts, in 1692, as a metaphor for McCarthyism to criticize it. In Mother Courage, Bertolt Brecht used the Thirty Years’ War to criticize the system, since “war is business” in its point of view. Therefore, the essential in these plays is not the exposure of the past itself, it is used to defamiliarize the event that is analyzed, to eliminate its illusion and to show how things took place. In this sense, these plays have a didactic purpose, the one to incite people to struggle for their freedom of thought, of life, etc.
2- What aspects of the epic
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It prioritizes likelihood over truth. Its audience does not identify themselves with the characters, which can intensify their empathic emotion; in this way, it obscures the notion of class. In Race, some actions are shown through dialogues rather than pantomimed. The bourgeois drama was a way of bourgeoisie to build their world-view; instead, Mamet wanted to focus on the role of the system. He wanted to show how the law system functions in people’s mind; therefore, he presented the institutionalization of race as a topic for law, for this reason the characters are what the system made of them.
4- Speech is crucially important in both The Bald Prima Donna, by Eugene Ionesco, and in Krapp’s last tape, by Samuel Beckett, but its role is drastically different in these two plays. Briefly comment on the
The Crucible is a dramatic play by Arthur Miller that has a direct tie to McCarthyism and how the witch trials and false accusation was related to the fear of someone being a communist. Generally, the story is about an affair between two primary characters that live in a Theology-ruled village. The secret of the affair was supposed to be assured until things got out when the truth was close to being in the limelight and a huge lie came out instead. This lie led to false accusations of believing that some people were part of witchcraft. Therefore, the situations became much more risky as people got hanged on whether or not they confessed they were a part of the witchery. Through the play, the character Mary Warren is depicted as a shy and powerless girl until she finally gains some control over the lives of people through her lies. This results in being labeled as an antagonist of the story, but she has traits similar to a protagonist which contradicts her character. In the end, Mary Warren is still a villain through her selfish and inconsiderate actions in the play.
Men and women walk around in the same neutral colored clothing, hand in hand with the lord and their Puritan values. However, these seemingly ordinary Puritans are all similar in one form— sin. In archaic theme-based literature, similarities can be distinguished between two stories and their attributes. Within the works of The Scarlet Letter and The Crucible, a plethora of correlative elements can be identified by the reader.
Arthur Miller’s The Crucible utilizes a fictional account of the Salem Witch Trials to expose the mob mentality associated with the Red Scare of the 1950’s and the sometimes overzealous fight against communism in America. By references to the events that took place in the Witch Trials, the playwright successfully portrays society’s behavior at its tyrannical worst, exposing fraud, faulty logic, vindictiveness, zealotry, and evil (Brater). Arthur Miller creates a parallel between the societal events of mass in the 1600’s and those in the 1950’s. In both instances, leaders use the fear of the masses for their personal gain. Abigail, the lead character in the play, and Senator Joseph McCarthy are both able to generate a groundswell that takes on a life of its own and ruins the lives of others. Arthur Miller created this analogy in order to expose Senator McCarthy and his anti-Communist propaganda by creating an analogy to the ferocity of the Salem Witch Trials. The Salem Witch Trials and the Red Scare fed on the anxiety of the general public. The Salem Witch Trials magnified society’s ability to influence the judicial system. As the hysteria regarding the existence of witches swelled, innocent individuals were executed. McCarthyism also demonstrated society’s ability to influence the judicial system. As the hysteria regarding the threat of communism in America swelled, innocent individuals were jailed, blacklisted, deported, and fired from their jobs. The Crucible first staged in 1953, was meant to raise awareness of the effect that fear can have on human behavior and judgment. The play illustrates how Abigail’s intent to avoid punishment by accusing others of culturally deviant activity led to mass hysteria. Senator McCar...
Arthur Miller, the author of The Crucible, lived during the Red Scare, which was anti-Communist as the Salem witch trials were anti-witches. The whole book is a symbol of two events that happened in history. The Red Scare and McCarthyism both serve as symbols of the Salem witch trials, which makes it an allegory. Although the play is based off of the witch trials during seventeenth century New England, the author meant for it to address his concern for the Red Scare in an indirect way. For example, just like the witch trials accusing people of witchcraft, Americans during the Red Scare accused others of being pro-Communist. The same widespread paranoia occurred as a result.
Many people look back on the events of the Salem witch trials and laugh at the absurdity of the allegations. It seems crazy that society could be fooled into believing in things like witches and deal with the events in such an extreme manner. It is a common belief that witch hunts are things of the past. Many people would agree that they no longer exist today; however Arthur Miller, author of the play, "The Crucible", points out that society has not come very far from the days of the Salem witch trials. In his play, he used the Salem witch trials to represent the McCarthy Era because he saw that the nation was facing the same events that Salem went through back in the late 1600's. Arthur Miller wrote "The Crucible" in an attempt to create moral awareness for society. He did so by making a few small changes to the history and creating parallels in the play with racism, human tendencies, and H.U.A.C.
Arthur Miller wants to change the way people act toward the McCarthy trials, so he writes The Crucible. It simulates the McCarthy trials through dramatic situations and dynamic and static characters. There are connections that can be made from the communist hunt and The Crucible’s witch hunt. They represent the way Miller sees the society during the trials. In Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, he presents senator McCarthy as the court, the hysteria of the people being claimed a communist as the hysteria of the town being claimed a witch, and the high possibility of being targeted as a communist as the high possibility of being targeted as a witch.
Every event in history can be attributed to a collective of emotions. In 1692, in Salem, Massachusetts, a group of girls claimed to have seen other villagers working for the devil and began accusing people of practicing witchcraft. This soon created a sense of mass hysteria throughout the town that resulted in the death of twenty people and the imprisonment of over two hundred. We now refer to these events as the Salem witch trials. In the 1950’s, Senator Joseph McCarthy conducted similar trials accusing people in prominent positions of being Communists. McCarthy implemented unfair investigative techniques, similar to those used in the Salem witch trials. Arthur Miller’s play, “The Crucible”, creates a story around the known details of the Salem witch trials and focuses on the relationship
“The Crucible was an act of desperation” (Why I Wrote). Arthur Miller successfully paralleled the Salem Witch Trials to the era of McCarthyism by using the similarities of the two events, capturing the essence of hysteria and mob mentality and altering the history in order to achieve the effect that he desired. The Crucible had a far reaching effect that Arthur Miller could have never imagined. He understood that history repeating itself is inevitable, yet held onto hope that his play would inspire humanity to learn from past mistakes rather than repeat them.
“The Crucible”, is a play that tells a real life phenomenon, set in 17oo’s Salem, Massachusetts where a town of Puritans were settled. When a slave woman and a group of young, trouble-making girls begin to act out, the town becomes suspicious and the madness of the witch trials begin. The play serves as an allegory for “The Red Scare” an era in U.S. history that unforgivingly persecuted communists. There are multiple parallels that can be drawn between both of these stories. One major difference is who can be named responsible for each event. In “The Red Scare”, the U.S government is mainly to blame, but in The Crucible we can pinpoint specific characters that greatly contributed to the horror of the witch trials. These characters are John
The Crucible is a famous play written by Arthur Miller in the Early 1950’s. It was written during the “Red scare, when McCarthyism was established. Many anti-communists wanted to prevent communism from spreading just like in The Crucible many wanted to get rid of witchcraft. Many would accuse others of witchcraft in order to not be accused just like many would accuse people of communism. In The Crucible witchcraft would be punishable by death. Many were scared to be accused; therefore many would admit practicing witchcraft in order to save their lives. The Crucible is considered a good play because it is based on real life events during the Salem witch Trials and shows how fear played a role in the individual’s life just like during the “Red” scare.
Arthur Miller’s The Crucible is a play that was first performed in 1953 in the United States of America in the midst of the persecution of alleged communists during the era of McCarthyism. Although the play explicitly addresses the Salem which hunt, many find that the play is an analogy to McCarthyism due to the striking similarities in which the people behaved. Miller highlight the different groups of characters in order to reveal overlying ideas of the play such as: Self preservation, power, and hypocrisy.
The statement,“The Crucible is essentially about courage, weakness, and truth,” is proven true numerous times, throughout the play. The Crucible was written by Arthur Miller, about the true events that happened in Salem, Massachusetts, between the years 1692 and 1693. The Salem witch trials consisted of many hangings, lies, and complete mass hysteria. The citizens of Salem followed the religion of Puritanism, and the ideas of predestination. The root of the mass hysteria comes from their belief in the sense that in something happens then it must have been planned by God. In Miller’s portrayal of the story, Abigail Williams was the ringleader of the witch trials, and she used the idea of predestination to cover up her own sins. Abigail was a very manipulative girl and ruined many lives. John Proctor, Mary Warren, and Elizabeth Proctor were just a few of the victims in Abby’s game. John, Mary, and Elizabeth exhibit the traits courage, weakness, and truth, whether it was in a positive or negative way.
Authors often have underlying reasons for giving their stories certain themes or settings. Arthur Miller’s masterpiece, The Crucible, is a work of art inspired by actual events as a response to political and moral issues. Set in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692, The Crucible proves to have its roots in events of the 1950’s and 1960’s, such as the activities of the House Un-American Committee and the “Red Scare.” Though the play provides an accurate account of the Salem witch trials, its real achievement lies in the many important issues of Miller’s time that it dealswith.
It can be inferred that throughout both the play and film alike, the two share similarities yet contain contrasting differences that set the two apart when comparing and contrasting “The Crucible”. Through adjustments made to enhance the storyline, intensify the role between characters, and changes in script, the film version of “The Crucible” contrasts to the original 1953 play version. Through the work of writer Arthur Miller, the story of the search for honesty and truth in a Puritan society is carried into the 1950s era of McCarthyism and still flourishes in literature today.
The play “The Crucible” is an allegory for the McCarthyism hysteria that occurred in the late 1940’s to the late 1950’s. Arthur Miller’s play “the crucible” and the McCarthyism era demonstrates how fear can begin conflict. The term McCarthyism has come to mean “the practice of making accusations of disloyalty”, which is the basis of the Salem witch trials presented in Arthur Miller’s play. The fear that the trials generate leads to the internal and external conflicts that some of the characters are faced with, in the play. The town’s people fear the consequences of admitting their displeasure of the trials and the character of John Proctor faces the same external conflict, but also his own internal conflict. The trials begin due to Abigail and her friends fearing the consequences of their defiance of Salem’s puritan society.