Keywords— Signature verification, signature recognition, signatures database, and HMM.
I. INTRODUCTION
Biometrics is the act of science to verify and identify a human being. Biometrics confirmation crown or judge numerous improvements over conventional approaches. Biometrics can be categorized into two types: Behavioral and physiological. Behavioral biometrics including signature verification, keystrokes dynamics. Physiological biometrics including fingerprints and iris characteristics .The signature verification and signature recognition are the behavioral biometrics. Signature is act of writing person’s name that may contain many alphabets, characters and letters. In signature verification scan the signature of person, done some improvements
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Dynamic or online signature verification: An online signature included the dynamic properties and works on signal processing and pattern recognition. The dynamic properties are as flow of pen tip , duration, velocity, pressure point and acceleration and acquisition done by stylus, touch screen, digitizer.
Static or online signature verification: In offline signature verification data acquisition done by scanner. It works on document authentication using in banks, performing financial transactions, boarding an aircraft and crossing international borders.
Types of forgery: The main objective of offline signature verification system is to discriminate between original and forgery .These types of forgeries explained as:
Random Forgery: The forger written the signature but who don’t knows the shape of original signature.
Unskilled Forgery: The forger writes the signature in his own style without knowledge of spelling.
Skilled Forgery: The forger who have practice in coping the
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The FAR achieved is 5.3% and FRR is 4.0. Ali Karouni, Bassam Daya, samia Bahlak [3] introduces the offline signature recognition using neural network approach. The geometrical features extracted and classification using ANN. Obtain the threshold 90%, FAR of 1.6% and FRR of 3% and classification ratio is 93%. Vu Nguyen, Midheal Blumenstein graham Leedham [4] proposed a global feature for offline signature verification problem. The global features based on the boundary of a signature and its projections. The SVM is classifier is used for better accuracy and classification. The first global feature is derived from the total ‘energy’ a writer that uses to create the signature. The second features hire information from the horizontal and vertical projections of signature. FRR is 17.25% and FAR for random and targeted forgeries are 0.08 and
The way to understand this feature is to embed a level of the authentication signature into the digital image using a digital watermark. In the case of the image being tampered, it can easily be detected as the pixel values of the embedded data would change and do not match with the original pixel values. There are many spatial and frequency domain techniques are available for authentication of watermarking. Watermarking techniques are judged on the basis of their performance on...
PKC is the enabling technology for all Internet security and the increasing use of digital signatures, which are replacing traditional signatures in many contexts. However, RSA is better than PKC because RSA doesn’t need digital signature. As a result, the RSA algorithm turned out to be a perfect fit for the implementation of a practical public security system. In 1977, Martin Gardner first introduced the RSA system. After 5 years, company RSA used secure electronic security products. Nowadays many credit companies of all over the world use the RSA system or a similar system based on the RSA system.
There are five different types of check fraud that can occur: check kitting, paper hanging, forgery, counterfeiting and alteration. Check kitting is when a person opens an account at two or more institutions and deposits and withdraws during the float time to create a fraudulent balance. Paper hanging is when a person writes a check on a closed account (either theirs or another person’s). Forgery can happen two different ways. The first way forgery can happen is in a business, when an employee, without proper authorization, issues a check. The second way forgery can happen is when somebody steals a check, endorses it and uses false personal identification to present it for payment at a bank. Counterfeiting and alteration are fairly similar and we will go into depth on how each of these takes place. Counterfeiting is when a person uses a photocopier to duplicate a check or fabricates a whole check on a personal computer with sophisticated software and a laser printer. Alteration is when chemicals are used on a check to remove or m...
...nation without an idea way, it will lead the key to be the leader of the whole certification process, then the security system will be based on the key. Once the key is missing, the system will be collapsed. Based on the above analysis, while biometrics characteristics as an approximate random signal, people can consider to extract one key directly from such signals, instead of using the external inputs. In this way, we call it a key generation mechanism (key generation scheme).
No one at the address could ever remember signing any letter, tracking this number shows that it was "undeliverable" and delivered back to your Merrick office on April 28th. Which I must assume since they received the letter sometime later, a person in your office dropped it in her mailbox and then claimed it was sent certified mail.
Handwriting is an important part of education. Many states require essay tests in which content is more important than handwriting or even spelling. But those essays still need to be legib...
Forensic Document Examination is a broad field in forensics that covers a variety of subspecialties. These areas range from signature verification, to photocopy manipulation, to stamp impressions and more. This paper will focus specifically on the specialty of handwriting comparisons. This should not be confused with handwriting analysists, or graphologists, who strive to identify a writer by determining their psychological state and personality. Those who practice handwriting comparison seek to determine the validity of a document, or if different documents were written by the same person, by the distinct characteristics of the writing. This is useful in a wide variety of criminal cases from authenticating suicide notes to determining forgeries.
You need to sign for a house, car, and checks. If you don't sign in cursive it is very easy to copy your signature. Cursive is used for writing letter and signing for houses, checks, and cars. Cursive takes to long to learning everything about it and you only need house it to sign for check's cars, and a
Biometrics is described as the use of human physical features to verify identity and has been in use since the beginning of recorded history. Only recently, biometrics has been used in today’s high-tech society for the prevention of identity theft. In this paper, we will be understanding biometrics, exploring the history of biometrics, examples of today’s current technology and where biometrics are expected to go in the future.
Kysilko, David. “The Handwriting Debate." NASBE. National Association of State Boards of Education, Sept. 2012. Web. 16 Dec. 2013.
As technology has progressed, handwriting is not needed near as much due to typing, electronic signatures, digital passwords, and even thumbprints. Current students in both high school and college are required to turn in typed papers and have proficent keyboarding skills in order
...tal part of lives just like privacy. Using cryptology provides mechanisms through a digital signature. This signature is inserted using a key (that only the writer of the email possesses) whilst a timestamp binds itself to the document. This type of cryptography is used to control access of security installations or pay-per-view television channels.
Handwritten signatures happens in different patterns and there is a great deal of dissimilarity signatures of people even of the same area with same language. Some used to just write their name while others follow certain pattern to represent their signature. Signatures done with complexity are however less vulnerable to forgery effects [7]. Also, the signatures are very much influenced by the thinking panorama of a person. There is a particular process on how a signature s generated. Signature has three attributes at minimum . They are pattern form, movement and variation, and since the signatures are produced by moving a pen on a paper, movement of pattern is the most important
The purpose of biometrics is to identify a person based on the measure of his anatomical and physiological characteristics. This concept is not new, its history dates back to 14th century when Chinese used footprints to identify newborns and divorce records. In the 1880s, Henry Faulds, William Herschel and Francis Galton were the first who conceived the idea of using biometric identification to guaranty the security in civil areas, like using footprints for criminal identification and fingerprinting t...
For account opening purpose, I learn that there are some documents that are needed for opening an account. These documents are mentioned below: Account opening form Name of person who is interested in opening new account Type of account Computerized copy of national identity card Check expiry date of CNIC Filled the account opening form Signature of that person SS card (specimen signature card) Mother name Father name Present address Permanent address KYC form (know your customer) CNIC of KIN SS card (specimen signature card) SS card (specimen signature SS Card signature is very important because through signature we judge whether money is withdrawn by the original person or not. KYC form contains secret information about the client like father and mother name, business address, email address of that person, postal address and content number.