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Contribution of sigmund freud in psychology
Strengths and weaknesses of sigmund freud's theory
Contribution of sigmund freud in psychology
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Of the copious number of topics in the world today, nothing captivated Sigmund Freud’s attention like psychology did. Known as the founder of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud laid the foundations for comprehending the inner workings that determine human behavior (1). Through his involvement with the hypnosis, dream analysis, psychosexual stages, and the unconscious as a whole, Freud began a new revolution that faced its own conflict but eventually brought the harvest of new knowledge and clarity to the concept of the mind. Sigmund Freud was born on May 6, 1856, in Frielberg, Moravia which is today known as Czechoslovakia (1). His family has been deemed unusually structured, mainly due to the fact that his mother was relatively the same age as …show more content…
Freud believed that one’s sex instinct was the most determining factor of his or her personality; however, instead of relating sex to the mature class of humanity, he instead targeted infants and children (4). He generated a process of psychosexual stages in which each stage focuses in on a sensual body part and a corresponding time period in life (4). The stages are as followed, starting from birth: Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital (4). Furthermore, each stage comes with its own conflict that arises when one is in this stage. He correlates that if this conflict is not solved during the set period of time, it can cause a fixation, thus bringing on personality traits in their adulthood relating back to that certain stage (4). For example, for one who is in the Anal stage (1 to 3 years) the conflict is toilet training. If the child remains too long or too briefly in this stage, later on in the future they could be more excessively cleanly or even destructive and rebellious (4). Perhaps the stage that was targeted with the most criticism, was the Phallic Stage or the Genitals stage occurring from 3 to 5 or 6 years (4). This stage mainly declared that young boys are more drawn to their mother and become more hostile towards their fathers, hinting to the underlying ideas that the young boys are sexually drawn to their mother. In a vice versa scenario, …show more content…
He took a toll of countless operations over a span of sixteen years, and unfortunately passed on in 1938 after emigrating to London (2). Despite this tragedy, Freud’s work remains in place today. Coming from a Jewish background, there is no doubt that finding work and fitting in were problems in his life he had to overcome, but he did not let these factors deter him from achieving success. Freud stands today as a role model for everyone willing to bring about new ideas that might not sit well in today’s society but need to be addressed. During his time, his ideas and theories about the mind were critically rejected but Freud did not just give up. He kept producing new theories and new ways to understand how the mind works and behaves, despite the criticism he got. Sigmund Freud’s life shows that by taking that leap to express one’s own ideas, it can reap great success and eventually inspiring
Sigmund Freud was born on May 6, 1856, in Austria (?). His family moved to Vienna in 1860, and that is where Freud spent, mostly, the remainder of his life (?). Freud is considered the father of Psychoanalysis, the first acknowledged personality theory (?). His theory suggest that a person’s personality is controlled by their unconscious which is established in their early childhood. The psychoanalytic theory is made up of three different elements interacting to make up the human personality: the id, the ego, and the superego (?).
Freud was born in 1856 to a large Jewish family living in Freiburg, Moravia. His family was economically limited, but that didn’t stop him from pursuing an intellectual education. In 1873 Freud went to the University of Vienna to become a medical student. In 1881 he received his doctorate and began working at the central hospital of Vienna.
The oral stage takes place from birth until age 1, which involves the infant’s mouth as the focus of gratification derived from the pleasure of oral exploration of his or her environment and receiving primary nourishment from one’s mother’s breast. In addition to this, the anal phase takes place from age 1 until age 3, which involves the infant’s more erotic zone changing from the mouth to the anus. Finally, the phallic stage takes place from age 3 until age 6, which involves the child’s genitalia becoming his or her primary aphrodisiacal zone. It is in this third infantile development stage that children become aware of their bodies and the bodies of others. They gratify physical curiosity by undressing and exploring each other and their genitals, and so learn the physical and sexual differences between genders. These stages reflect base levels of desire, but they also involve fear of loss and mistreatment. To keep all of this conflict buried in one’s unconscious, Freud argued that one develops defenses: selective perception, selective memory, denial, displacement, projection, regression, fear of intimacy, and fear of death, among
This theory spoke about five different elements; the oral phase, the anal stage, the phallic stage, latency, and the genital stage. Psychosexual development is a theory that Freud based solely upon the Greek tragedy by Sophocles Oedipus Rex and is better known as the Oedipus complex. The Oedipus Complex was written for the children who get sexual gratification through their parent from the opposite sex. For example, the desire of a son for wanting to have sexual relations with his own mother which is the most common. This also involves, creates animosity along with hatred between the parents of the same sex as a child. Now the child looks at the parent of the same sex as a rival. Just to make it clear the overall theory is not only limited to males (son and father) relationship. On the other hand, as Freud believed that girls just as much as boys will have and can have a sexual attraction to their very own fathers; this was later known as the Electra complex. According to Freud the oral phase is the first phase that we go through, in it we have the curiosity on knowing what sorting things are and we would try to find an answer by bringing it to our mouth or lips which in turn helps development of the brain. The anal stage is the second stage; in this stage according to Freud the child’s attention change do to the process of elimination. Freud believed that the way of parents potty train their kids could influence on their kids personality, in a good or bad way. He described this personalities as anal-retentive personality, and anal-expulsive personality. Freud stated that children with anal-retentive personality problems could be very obsessive with cleaning, orderly, and stingy; while kids with anal-expulsive personality could be very messy, destructive, and disorganize. Our third stage of development, Freud called the phallic stage, in this particular stage the child
Sigismund Schlomo Freud was born in 1856 on May the 6th. He grew up in the Freiberg, which is located in Austria nowadays, and presently it is called Pribor in the Czech Republic. When he was twenty- two his name changed to Sigmund Freud. Additionally, he is the son of a deeply religious Jewish father and his father was encouraging him to learn more about Hebrew Scriptures. Freud was the oldest of eight children (Nystul, 2011) p.163. Boeree indicated that, “His father was a wool merchant with a keen mind and a good sense of humor. His mother was a lively woman; she was his father second wife and was twenty years younger. She was twenty one years old when she gave birth to her first son, her darling, Sigmund”. His childhood was difficult because Freud had a big family and they were not wealthy. In 1859, he was about four years old when his family moved to Vienna because his father business failure. Clearly, Freud’s family lived in poverty almost all of his early childhood life.
Westen, D. (1998). The scientific legacy of Sigmund Freud: toward a psychodynamically informed psychological science. Psychological Bulletin, 124(3), 333.
During the transition from the nineteenth to the twentieth century, a psychologist named Sigmund Freud welcomed the new age with his socially unacceptable yet undoubtedly intriguing ideologies; one of many was his Psychoanalytic Theory of Dreams. Freud believed that dreams are the gateway into a person’s unconscious mind and repressed desires. He was also determined to prove his theory and the structure, mechanism, and symbolism behind it through a study of his patients’ as well as his own dreams. He contended that all dreams had meaning and were the representation of a person’s repressed wish. While the weaknesses of his theory allowed many people to deem it as merely wishful thinking, he was a brilliant man, and his theory on dreams also had many strengths. Freud’s theories of the unconscious mind enabled him to go down in history as the prominent creator of Psychoanalysis.
Freud’s psychoanalytical approach attributes peoples thoughts and actions to our unconscious motives, which consists of the id, ego, and superego. Part of the psychoanalytical approach is the psychosexual stages. The psychosexual stages were also developed by Sigmund Freud, these are the childhood stages of development which are based on our id’s pleasure-seeking energies focusing on erogenous zones. Erogenous zones are distinct pleasure-sensitive areas on the body. These stages consist of the oral (0-18 months), anal (18-36 months), phallic (3-6 years), latency (6-puberty), and genital (puberty on).
"Freud's Psychosexual Stages of Development: Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital." Wilderdom - a Project in Natural Living & Transformation. Web. 05 Aug. 2010. .
Freud emphasized that early childhood experiences are important to the development of the adult personality, proposing that childhood development took place over five stages; oral, anal. Phallic, latent and genital. The phallic stage is the most important stage which contains the Oedipus complex. This is where the child (age 4 - 6 yrs) posses the opposite sex parent and wants rid of the same sex parent. Freud argued that if the conflict is not resolved in childhood then it could cau...
One of Freud’s major research accomplishments was his findings on infant sexuality also known as the Psychosexual Stages. The first stage is the oral stage which is 0-1 years of age. This is the stage where sensual/sexual life begins, in the form of sucking the thumb, biting, and breast suck...
Sigmund Freud was born in 1856 in Moravia, which was then part of the Austrian Empire and is now in the Czech Republic. He spent most of his life in Vienna, from where he fled, in 1937, when the Nazis invaded. Neither Freud (being Jewish) or his theories were very popular with the Nazis and he escaped to London where he died in 1939.
Freud was born in May 6, 1856 in the Czech Republic. He attended Spurling Gymnasium. At Spurling, he was first in his class and graduated Summa Cum Laude. After studying medicine at the University of Vienna, he gained respect while working as a physician. Freud and a friend were introduced to a case study that resulted in no cause, but they found that having the patient talk about her experiences had a calming effect on the symptoms. That was considered to be the beginning of the study of psychology.
Freud believed that humans develop through stages based on particular erogenous zones. Freud theorized that to gain a healthy personality as an adult, a person would have to successfully complete a certain sequence of five stages. Within the five stages of Freud’s psychosexual development theory, Freud assumed there would be major consequences if any stage was not completed successfully. The stages, in order, were the oral stage, the anal stage, the phallic stage, the latency stage, and the genital stage. In general, Freud believed that an unsuccessful completion of any stage would make a person become fixated on that particular stage. The outcome would lead the person to either over indulge or under indulge the failed stage during adulthood. Freud truly believed that the outcomes of the psychosexual stages played a major part in the development of the human personality. Eventually, these outcomes would become different driving forces in every human being’s personality. The driving forces would determine how a person would interact with the world around them. The results from Freud’s theory about the stages of psychosexual development led Freud to create the concept of the human psyche; Freud’s biggest contribution to
The theory does a good job at delineating the stages of psychosexual development; our childhood has a great influence on our personalities. Referring to Freud’s ‘psychosexual stages’, it is very clear that parents’ role in an infant’s life is the foremost step to structure the personality. Not to forget, the oral and anal stages are focal fundamental to character traits in a person’s behavior. The inner ‘instincts’ of sexuality and aggression meeting with the socially acceptable norms creates a conflict zone, wherein it is decided what we are to do and what we would become.