Indledning I denne opgave vil jeg beskrive vitsen og dens forhold til det ubevidste ud fra bogen ”Vitsen og dens forhold til det ubevidste” af Sigmund Freud. Jeg har valgt Sigmund Freud, fordi jeg synes han teorier er spændende og interessante, især når man ser på dem i forhold til nutiden. Freud bliver anset for at være grundlæggeren for psykologien som vi kender den i dag, men hans teorier bliver stadig sat på prøver. Jeg vil først og fremmest beskrive forfatteren, Sigmund Freud, hvor jeg hovedsagligt koncentrere mig om hans karriere som psykologisk forsker. Derefter vil jeg beskrive Freuds teori om det ubevidste, da det er en nødvendighed i forklaringen på vitsens forhold til det. Til sidst vil jeg prøve at perspektivere teksten/teorien. Sigmund Freud Sigismund Schlomo Freud, bedre kendt som Sigmund Freud , blev født 6. maj 1856 til forældrene Amalie og Jacob Freud i byen Freiberg, som nu hedder Príbor og ligger i Tjekkiet. Begge forældre var jøder, men de opdragede deres børn uden den store religiøse tilhørelse. I 1859 flyttede familien til Leipzig og senere i 1860 flyttede de endnu en gang, men denne gang til Wien. Freud havde 8 søskende både ældre og yngre, men Freud var altid ynglings barnet. I sin barndom blev han undervist derhjemme hovedsagligt af sin mor. Han kom dog på gymnasiet senere. Freud begyndte at studere medicin ved Wiens Universitet i 1873, da han var sytten år gammel. Og han påbegyndte sit første selvstændige forskningsarbejde i 1876. Han ville være videnskabsmand og ikke praktiserende læge. Han tog sin embedseksamen i 1881. Og i de følgende femten år beskæftigede han sig med undersøgelser af nervesystemet. Han var ikke helt i stand til at hellige sig dette arbejde, fordi det økonomiske udbytte ikke var nok. Han havde kone og seks børn foruden diverse slægtninge. Derudover var antisemitismen fremherskende i Wien i denne periode og hindrede ham i at gøre karriere ved universitetet. Mod sin vilje, men efter råd fra Ernst Brücke, fysiologen ved Wiens Universitet, begyndte han derfor at praktisere som læge og dyrke neurologisk forskning ved siden af. Han fik efterhånden et vist ry som en lovende ung videnskabsmand. På en måde var det heldigt, at Freud blev nødsaget til at praktisere som læge. Kontakten med patienterne stimulerede ham til at tænke i psykologiske baner. Det var måske ikke sket, hvis han udelukkende havde været videnskabsmand inden for medicinen, og så ville den dynamiske psykologi ikke være skabt.
Para poder realizar dicho perfil las área estudiadas u observadas referente a las teoría de la personalidad y es aquí donde entrarían las teoría psicosociales y la teoría referente a las diversas personalidades presentadas por Sigmund Freud. Antes de conocer dichas teorías debemos entender primero, ¿Quién fue Sigmund Freud?:
Sigmund Freud is considered to be one of the most studied and respected historical figures in psychology. Freud has had a huge impact on the way we think today. He also is responsible for creation psychoanalysis. Sigmund Freud is even known as the “father of psychoanalysis”. Through endless contentious theories such as, the Case of Anna O, the Unconscious Mind, the Psyche, and the most infamous of his theories, the Psychosexual stage, Freud has generated many fans and supporters. His works has earned him a place in the list of psychology legends today.
Sigmund Freud is known as the founding father of psychology. If it wasn’t for Freud and his work psychology probably wouldn’t be around today (Javel, 1999). Although Freud had many followers there were some who didn’t agree with his work and found his work to be very controversial. There were also many who criticized his work, one of his most controversial and criticized work was his psychosexual stages of development and his believes about the famous “Oedipus Complex.” Psychoanalysis is the first known modality used to treat individuals with psychological disorders. Freud’s work was a foundation for many whether they believed in his work or not. From his work other psychologist
Freud S et al, 1995 The Complete Correspondence of Sigmund Freud and Ernest Jones, 1908-1939., Belknap Press, Harvard University Press,ISBN 067415424X
Sigmund Freud believed that he “occupies a special place in the history of psychoanalysis and marks a turning point, it was with it that analysis took the step from being a psychotherapeutic procedure to being in depth-psychology” (Jones). Psychoanalysis is a theory or therapy to decode the puzzle of neurotic disorders like hysteria. During the therapy sessions, the patients would talk about their dreams. Freud would analyze not only the manifest content (what the dreamer remembers) of the dreams, but the disguise that caused the repressions of the idea. During our dreams, the decision making part of personality’s defenses are lowered allowing some of the repressed material to become more aware in a distorted form. He distinguished between
Contemporary Psychology, 36, 575-577. Freud, S. (1961). The Species of the World. The Complete Works of Sigmund Freud. London: The Hogarths.
Past Biography. 1995 ed. Freud, Sigmund. A General Introduction Of Psychoanalysis. New York: Boni and Liveright,
Sigmund Freud, also known as the father of psychoanalysis, was born May 6th of 1856 in Freiberg, Moravia. A few years later he moved to Vienna, Austria and years after to England. Sigmund Freud was known for connecting psychological issues with sexual issues. Freud demonstrated a broad perspective on things involving dreams, religion, and cultural artifacts. He focused on different states of the mind, such as unconsciousness. Freud relied on a local sexual repression issue to create theories about human behavior all together. Although many people would agree that Sigmund Freud’s theories are controversial, he is said to be one of the most influential scientists with great work concerning psychology. His theories and ideas of psychoanalysis still have a strong impact on psychology and early childhood education today.
Freud, S., Strachey, J., Freud, A., Rothgeb, C., & Richards, A. (1953). The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (1st ed.). London: Hogarth Press.
Sigmund Freud created strong theories in science and medicine that are still studied today. Freud was a neurologist who proposed many distinctive theories in psychiatry, all based upon the method of psychoanalysis. Some of his key concepts include the ego/superego/id, free association, trauma/fantasy, dream interpretation, and jokes and the unconscious. “Freud remained a determinist throughout his life, believing that all vital phenomena, including psychological phenomena like thoughts, feelings and phantasies, are rigidly determined by the principle of cause and effect” (Storr, 1989, p. 2). Through the discussion of those central concepts, Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis becomes clear as to how he construed human character.
The aim of this essay is to clarify the basic principles of Freud’s theories and to raise the main issues.
Sigmund Freud, the preeminent, 19th century, European neurologist and psychologist, designed a theory he labelled “psychoanalysis,” a theory which would transcend all borders and integrate itself deeply into many facets of society. In fact, an American named Kate Chopin, wrote a book entitled The Awakening, which was published at the turn of the 19th century, in which this theory played an integral role in expressing the complexity, relevance, and growth of the main character. The express importance of the main character displaying a Freudian psych is pertinent even in the modern time because it allows us to view the application of his theories around the time of their conception, trace their evolution and see the changes throughout the years. By possessing these comparisons, one could then gain insight as to how society and the individual has developed and progressed.
Losh, Elizabeth. "Sigmund Freud." Twentieth-Century European Cultural Theorists: Second Series. Ed. Paul Hansom. Detroit: Gale, 2004. Dictionary of Literary Biography Vol. 296. Literature Resource Center. Web. 3 Jan. 2011.
Sigmund Freud is psychology’s most famous figure. He is also the most controversial and influential thinkers of the twentieth century. Freud’s work and theories helped to shape out views of childhood, memory, personality, sexuality, and therapy. Time Magazine referred to him as one of the most important thinkers of the last century. While his theories have been the subject of debate and controversy, his impact on culture, psychology, and therapy is cannot be denied.
works of Sigmund Freud. Ed James Stachey. Trans. James Strac hey. London: Hogarth press, 1961. 1-19. Print.