Should the U.S. Subsidize Public Grazing?
analytical Essay
1477 words
Should the U.S. Subsidize Public Grazing?
Public grazing has sparked disagreement ever since the first cattlemen came west. Whether the criticism came from fellow ranchers and homesteaders, or from the government and environmentalists, there have always been problems with the use of public resources. The United States should subsidize grazing on public lands. Opponents to subsidized grazing cite the economic and environmental benefits that would emerge if the grazing was to be greatly reduced or stopped. However, proponents of subsidized public grazing cite equally important benefits favoring the continuation of the program. The benefits of subsidized grazing extend beyond the rancher that holds the permit.
Subsidized grazing occurs when the government leases public land to a rancher for the purpose of grazing. The grazing fee on the land is usually lower than comparable private land fees. The first public grazing in the United States was created by the Forest Service through the Timberland Reserve program in 1891 (Thomas 1994). Grazing fees were not charged until 1906 (The Secretary of Agriculture & Secretary of The Interior 1986). In 1934, the Taylor Grazing Act was created to establish control over grazing on public lands. The Independent Agencies Appropriations Act of 1952 stated that the grazing fees needed to be “self-sustaining, uniform, and fair and equitable to the public and user.” (The Secretary of Agriculture & Secretary of The Interior 1986) The concept of fair to both the public and the user is where the public grazing disagreement begins. Opponents to the public grazing program insist that the program is ineffective, a waste of money, detrimental to the land, and does not benefit enough of the public.
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...ign. (2006, October 26). www.publiclandsranching.org
Sparshott, J. (2003, December 8). Agricultural subsidies targeted. The Washington Times. Retrieved October 26, 2006, from http://www.washtimes.com/business/20031207-114046-8545r.htm
The Beckoning (1997, February 24). The Debate of Western Ranching Economics. Retrieved October 26, 2006, from http://www.thebeckoning.com/environment/cattle/economic.html
The Secretary of Agriculture & The Secretary of The Interior. (1986). Grazing Fee Review and Evaluation Final Report 1979-1985. Department of Agriculture Forest Service & Department of Interior Bureau of Land Management. 77.
Thomas, H. S. (1994). History of public land grazing. Rangelands, 16(6), 250-255.
Wikipedia (2006, October 24). Agricultural Subsidy Wikipedia. Retrieved October 26, 2006, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_subsidy
In this essay, the author
- Explains that public grazing has sparked disagreement ever since the first cattlemen came west. proponents of subsidized, but equally important, benefits favor the continuation of the program.
- States that the first public grazing in the united states was created by the forest service through the timberland reserve program in 1891.
- Analyzes the impact of a 40 percent increase in grazing fees on local economies.
- Explains that public grazing has sparked disagreement ever since the first cattlemen came west. proponents of subsidized, but equally important, benefits favor the continuation of the program.
- States that the first public grazing in the united states was created by the forest service through the timberland reserve program in 1891.
- Analyzes the impact of a 40 percent increase in grazing fees on local economies.
- Explains that fees are low due to problems associated with using federal lands. the government places restrictions on time of use, amount of usage, and what improvements can and cannot be done with the grazing permit.
- Argues that public grazing is unfair to the taxpayer for this money to go to such a small percentage of the population.
- Compares how the european union spends about 44% of their budget, or more than $54 billion to subsidize agriculture, compared to the united states government spending very little on subsidizing agriculture.
- Opines that hunting, fishing, hiking, camping, and atv riding are multiple use activities that would increase if public grazing was to cease.
- Argues that grazing is harmful to public lands and states that the answer is to reduce the stocking rate to a sustainable level.
- Explains that grazing can be beneficial to public lands, rather than a detriment. jerry holechek cites many benefits, including reducing fire, rodent, and insect problems.
- Opines that public grazing has come a long way since the first fee was imposed one hundred years ago, but the program should not end.
- States that the blm and forest service announce 2006 federal grazing fee.
- Cites holechek, j. l., and knight, b. i. (2004, april 8). national public lands grazing campaign.
- Cites sparshott, j. (2003, december 8). agricultural subsidies targeted. the washington times.
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- Cites lilly, cullen, & ball, r. t. and senese, j. d. in applied research methods in criminal justice.
- Cites the u.s. census bureau's poverty and economic research service.
1991 wordsRead More - The management of deer populationsexplanatory essayThe economics of white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, management is comprised of multiple facets. Deer herd health and population regulation are central to the economics of most deer management plans. The local white-tailed deer populations directly impact human welfare economics. The management of deer populations heavily affects agriculture, forestry, landscaping, and natural vegetation. Recreational services are another economic source realized from the management of white-tailed deer. Much of the economics of white-tailed deer management can also be applied to other game species.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the economics of white-tailed deer management, odocoileus virginianus, is comprised of multiple facets.
- Explains that white-tailed deer damage to forestry and agriculture can be detrimental to the economics of the industries.
- Explains that white-tailed deer population size affects the herd's health. disease is spread through density-dependant and frequency-dependent transmission, and chronic wasting disease is transmitted through contact with infected animals.
- Explains that the economics of white-tailed deer management, odocoileus virginianus, is comprised of multiple facets.
- Explains that white-tailed deer damage to forestry and agriculture can be detrimental to the economics of the industries.
- Explains that white-tailed deer population size affects the herd's health. disease is spread through density-dependant and frequency-dependent transmission, and chronic wasting disease is transmitted through contact with infected animals.
- Explains that white-tailed deer and human population growth have caused an increase in interaction between the species. deer-vehicle collisions and the destruction of planned landscapes are the most detrimental of these interactions.
- Explains that white-tailed deer recreation services include wildlife observation and hunting practices. hunting is a long-time recreation practiced throughout the u.s. on private and public lands.
- Explains that white-tailed deer management can be performed in a few different ways with different circumstances and outcomes.
- Explains that the economics of white-tailed deer management has several benefits with negligible costs.
1646 wordsRead More - Contradictory Ideas on Managing Land Lauresta Piper-Ruthanalytical essayAt Goshen College, a small liberal arts college, Land Management is one of the courses required for Environmental Studies majors. The main book required for this class is Holistic Management by Allan Savory. Savory is a well-known ecologist and author. His books cover his theories on how to take care of land. His work is so well recognized that he is known as the founder of holistic management principles. The teacher of this Land Management, Bill Minter, draws most of his lectures from the information in this book. One might make the assumption that the information in a book approved for a class such as this would not contain controversial material. Both the teacher and the students in the class assumed just this, the material within the book had subsequent evidence to back up the theories. However, this is not the case. Allen Savory’s holistic management ideas on grazing and resting the land do not work in the basic ways that he claims they do. In fact, research has been done that disputes his theories. Therefore, it has been given a great deal of criticism by other scientist.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that allen savory's holistic management is one of the courses required for environmental studies majors at goshen college.
- Explains that grazing can be beneficial if preformed in the correct way, while resting land is not good for it.
- Explains that areas protected from livestock grazing offer the most telling evidence that munching cattle are not a prerequisite to ecosystem health.
- Explains that allen savory's holistic management is one of the courses required for environmental studies majors at goshen college.
- Explains that grazing can be beneficial if preformed in the correct way, while resting land is not good for it.
- Explains that areas protected from livestock grazing offer the most telling evidence that munching cattle are not a prerequisite to ecosystem health.
- Opines that reintroduced animal impact as a natural influence in the american southwest is academic, ignoring the fact that many animals maintained grasslands.
- Analyzes how the quivira coalition, a group of mostly new mexican ranchers, and duke phillips, the chico basin ranch implement savory's holistic management principles.
- Analyzes how savory hits the problem right on the nose when he admits that the main debate over these issues is whether or not the land was grazed originally.
- Analyzes how the bureau of land management's ecologist, helen ulmschnider, has to talk to ranchers about savory’s theories.
- Explains savory's claim that brittle lands need the help of grazing animals in order to decompose of the dead matter properly.
- Explains savory's claim that grazing increases soil fertility by maintaining healthier root mass, increasing microorganisms, and producing plants with more shoots and leaves.
- Argues that savory's grazing practices are an attempt to mimic the bison that once roamed in the west.
- Explains savory's claim that total or partial rest of the land is actually detrimental to it.
- Explains how savory's theories of grazing are well-accepted by many. holistic management sees any increase in species number and diversity as success, while conservation biologists have a different goal.
- Cites raether, keith, taylor, martin, and savory, allen. the new ranch handbook: a guide to restoring western rangelands.
3383 wordsRead More - Wild Horses Case Study Summaryexplanatory essayThe purpose of this paper is to interpret and discuss several different viewpoints presented in the Case Study 6.1 regarding the wild horses. According to Starling (2011), Congress enacted the Wild Free-Roaming Horses and Burros Act of 1971 to ensure the protection of wild horses and burros from mistreatment and death. Also, this Act aims to accomplish and keep a native and ecological equivalence on the common lands. Subsequently, the breakdown of the circumstances that are associated with the wild horses as a debatable topic. The first issue reflects the most appropriate and applicable decision-making techniques to the BLM' situation. The second aim is to provide the case 6.1 with persuasive proposals to assist the Bureau to enhance its processing
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the purpose of this paper is to interpret and discuss several different viewpoints presented in the case study 6.1 regarding the wild horses.
- Explains that the purpose of this paper is to interpret and discuss several different viewpoints presented in the case study 6.1 regarding the wild horses.
195 wordsRead More