Should people be aware of a tiny little airborne fungus called Histoplasma capsulatum? An evaluated 40 million individuals in the United States are affected with the fungus called H. Capsulatum. Professionals in the field feel that 500,000 new instances happen every year. (Awosika-Olumo, Fallon, Jr., & Trangle, 2005, p. 10). Can we still enjoy simple things like family vacations and enjoying the great outdoors or are we putting ourselves and family at risk of developing ocular histoplasmosis syndrome later on in life? What is ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (OHS)? Histoplasmosis is a disease caused when the tiny spores of the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum getting into the lungs by breathing in the dust in the air. (The National Eye Institute, …show more content…
In nature it takes on a stringy spore like form and at the right body temperature it blooms into yeast. When the Histoplasma capsulatum is breathed in it travels to the lungs and then starts blooming into yeast from growing inside the humid spaces in the alveolar ducts of the lungs. In the lungs the body’s defense system starts to attack and disarm the fungus, the fungus that is not destroyed is then able to turn into the yeast form, where it enters the bloodstream and travels to other areas of the body, including the eyes, liver, central nervous system, skin, or adrenal glands (OSH Answers Fact Sheets). The area affected in the eye by the spores is the choroid, this area is highly vascular. The choroid lays in the back of the eye, it is between the retina and the sclera, its function is to supplies blood and nutrients to the …show more content…
Laser is the most common treatment, the doctor numbs the eye then uses a laser to cauterize the bleeding blood vessels. As far as treatment there are not very many available, and the effectiveness of the treatment is not very good. However a laser can be used to stop the bleeding in the vessels in the eye it is a form of photocoagulation. A small, powerful beam of light destroys the fragile, abnormal blood vessels, as well as a small amount of the overlying retinal tissue (SUNY Downstate Medical Center). Another treatments available for histoplasmosis targets a specific chemical in your body that causes abnormal blood vessels to grow under the retina. This is called vascular endothelial growth factor it is injected into the eye and it target the affected vessles. Several new drug treatments have been developed that can block the leaking blood vessels, lessens the growth of blood vessels, minimizes the outflow, helps to ward off vision loss, and in some cases boost vision (How Is Histoplasmosis
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva also known as FOP is a one of the rarest, most disabling genetic bone conditions known to medicine. FOP causes muscles, tendons, ligaments, and other connective tissues to turn in to bone. Movement becomes limited in the affected areas of the body. People with FOP typically have malformed toes at birth, meaning the big toe is typically shorter than normal and abnormally turned outward in a position called a valgus deviation. Symptoms of FOP start to show up in early childhood. Most people with FOP develop painful tumor-like swellings also known as fibrous nodules. The fibrous nodules are visible on the neck, shoulders, and back.
For medical care, no treatment is needed for those who are asymptomatic, just monitoring for mild symptoms (2). For those who cannot fight the disease as easily as the majority, there are an array of treatments available. To start, blood cultures should be performed in all patients, and sputum cultures should be taken for those with chronic histoplasmosis (2). Chest radiology would be preferred for individuals with acute pulmonary histoplasmosis, steroids and possible laser treatment for ocular histoplasmosis, and CT scans for those with cerebral histoplasmosis (2). With prolonged symptoms of more than 4 weeks, medical therapy via itraconazole is recommended for 6-12 weeks, followed by chest imaging (2). Bronchiectasis caused by the microbe is treated with either a bronchoscopy or surgical removal (3). Phrenological treatments to histoplasmosis include amphorcetericin B, ketoconazole, itraconazole, and fluconazole (3). Currently, antifungal agents are being developed to offer alternative treatment (3). To successfully survive as a pathogen, the virus must change itself on a micro level to survive changing conditions, macrophages, and other threats to the fungi’s reproduction (4). Being able to go from an environmental mold to an intercellular yeast is extremely useful for a microbe in an ecosystem that fights for control of those it infects (4). These advantages present within histoplasmosis are what keeps it as a cause of respiratory and systemic disease in mammals (4). There are plenty of treatments available to accommodate all forms of histoplasmosis, making it a microbe that is very simple to cure, despite how hard it tries to
Mycoplasma haemofelis is the most prevalent erythroparasite in felines (Reagan, 30). This tiny blood parasite is the cause of feline hemotropic mycoplasmosis (FHM), previously known as feline infectious anemia (FIA) (“New: IDEXX…”). Formerly known as Haemobartonella felis or Eperythrozoon felis, these hemoplasma were considered rickettsial organisms until the late 1990’s following 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence analysis which revealed a closer pylogenetical relationship to the genus Mycoplasma (“Mycoplasma Haemofelis,” Allison).
ƒæ A cloak is meant to hide, conceal or even disguise; and that is what C. trachomatis does on the inside of the body, it hides, it is usually asymptomatic (no symptoms). It enters the body through mucous membranes on the body as elementary bodies that bind to receptors on the host cells and are taken in by endocytosis or phagocytosis. The elementary bodies become reticulate bodies that do not combine with the lysosome and are able to resist being digested and killed. The reticulate bodies reproduce by binary fission and change back into elementary bodies which leave by reverse endocytosis. The elementary bodies have a rough outer membrane that allows them to be resistant against ¡§harsh¡¨ environmental conditions which is associated with the name trachomatis.
If it does become a pandemic our current political, demographical, and psychological state will surely be
The yeast is already there. A number of factors can increase the chance of the yeast growing out of control. The leading cause is overuse of antibiotics. Yeast must compete for the right to live on us with various other organisms, many of them bacteria. These bacteria, which live on the skin and in the intestine and vagina, among other places, are harmless but good at fighting off yeast. When we take antibiotics to deal with less friendly bacteria, we kill off these harmless ones as well. Yeast, which is unaffected by antibiotics, moves into the vacated spots once occupied by bacteria, and starts to grow and
Ecchymosis, sometimes called raccoon eye,, is a form of hematoma after traumatic injury that is greater than 10mm more than 1cm in diameter.2 Blood extravasates into the thin layer of the
The bacteria are gasped in a process of air and overcome by alveolar macrophages. In some cases the bacteria’s are able to reproduce and the new pledge can harm the victim. Furthermore, Tuberculosis spreads when the mycobacterial enters alveolar mycobacterial.
Coats disease was first diagnosed by Dr. George Coats in 1912. He described it as retinal detachment. It only happens in one eye and it tends to be a buildup of cholesterol. It can eventually lead to blindness in the affecte...
It usually starts with a skin rash and gradually develops on the body and head. The rash appears on the second day after the person gets the infection. Finally the rash forms into blisters which then burst and scabs over. It is highly communicable and easily spreads through cough and sneezes. Pregnant women and people who have a suppressed immune system have a higher tendency and are at a risk of severe complication. The incubation period of the disease is between 2-3 weeks. During winter and spring season, people are more prone to get the disease and become infected.
It is a rare condition that affects 2 % of Americans. Signs of pathological myopia include: Bending or distortion of straight lines, altered color perception, reduced contrast sensitivity, and increasing gloss of central vision. It is a quick severe progression of myopia and loss of vision is the end result. There is an increased risk of retinal detachment and other degenerative changes in the back of the eye (bleeding from abnormal blood vessel growth). If any of these things occur the risk of cataracts could increase. Treatment calls for a combination of a drug and a laser procedure called photodynamic therapy. It is reported to be the seventh ranking cause of legal blindness in the United States of America the fourth ranking cause in Hong Kong and the second in parts of China and Japan this form of myopia frequently progresses in adult life, with small intermittent steps of elongation being observable at any age. The adult progression appears to be due to the stretching of the walls of the eye. Genetically weak elements of the scleral wall are prone to thinning and stretching. One of the major forces at work in this stretching process appears to be the normal intra-ocular pressure (Ward
Treatment methods include enucleation, external beam radiation, and chemo reduction. Enucleation, the most common process, is simply the removal of the eye.
Pictures of yeast infection will make you want to think seriously about infection by fungus more specifically by yeast. Single celled, yeast is able to multiply and make your life a living hell. This description can only be confirmed by people who continue to suffer from new and recurring infections. There is general discomfort when you have yeast overgrowth and women tend to suffer more. You will find many pictures of the infection on the internet and some of the places or areas of the body you will get to view are the vagina, skin, gut, mouth and many more. You might find the pictures graphic and if you are not strong enough, they might be very disturbing.
Histopathology and molecular pathology both fall within the medical science branch of pathology where the primary concern is the examination of tissues, body fluids, and organs to aid in the diagnosis of diseases.