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advantages and disadvantages of wireless sensors
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Introduction
Background
A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of distributed sensors to monitor environmental conditions such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or detect dimensions, to pass their data through the network to a base station for processing. Advantages of WSN over a wired system considered in elimination of wiring cost, sensors can be installed in harsh environments. Each sensor node is a combination of Radio transceiver with an internal antenna or connection to an external antenna micro-controller, electronic circuit for interfacing with the sensors, energy source, usually a battery or an embedded form of energy harvesting. Drawback of using sensors is having limited power to consume, a memory that is capable of performing limited computations, in addition to probability of communication failures between nodes.
Motivation
Sensor-based networks basically are characterized by their continuous mode of operation and power sources, which increases the fault rates in sensors, knowing that maintenance or replacement of sensors is considered expensive.
Fault tolerant techniques are based on time redundancy or space redundancy or combination of both. As mentioned previously, a sensor has a limited computation power, so time redundancy techniques are not supposed to be of beneficial. Traditional techniques in backing up sensors are based on double and triple redundancy, which doesn’t satisfy the requirement of having a reliable network with a minimum number of sensors.
This work aims to design an algorithm that finds the minimum number of detection sensors needed in a network for a certain application. Plus, obtaining the minimum number of sensors needed to back up the core sensors.
Assumption...
... middle of paper ...
...67% 33% 55.7
H2 67% 67% 67% 67
H4 100% 67% 33% 66.7
H5 67% 100% 33% 66.7
H6 67% 67% 67% 67
W2 67% 67% 67% 67
C3 100% 100% 33% 77.7
Conclusion:
The solution presented in the following paper provides an optimal and minimal sensor allocation methodology. The first step is to find a minimal cost sensor subset that would be able to uniquely identify the objects by choosing sensor from different parameters depending on the effectiveness cost of the sensor. To provide a fault tolerant solution an extra-unrepeated sensor is added. The extra sensor is not simply a duplicated sensor to avoid failures of the sensor due to the environmental failure or failure in the location. The results analyzed in this paper are for a simple system. Overhead of 33% resulted upto 67% fault tolerance.
Works Cited
Fault Tolerance Techniques for Wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks
Disclaimer; this is intended to be an introductory technical article; certain details have been excluded in the interests of space and clarity. Network design examples are presented to illustrate specific technical points and are not intended to fully complete.
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A sensor node is also known as a mote (mostly in North America). This sensor node in a wireless sensor network is capable of performing some processing, gathering of sensory information and communicating with other connected nodes in the network. It must be clearly understood that a mote is a node but a node is not always a mote. Although wireless sensor nodes have existed for decades and used for applications as diverse as earthquake measurements to even warfare, the latest development of small sensor nodes dates back to the 1998 Smartdust project[1] and the NASA Sensor Webs Project[1]. One of the objectives of the Smart dust project was to create autonomous sensing and communication within a cubic millimeter of space. Though this project ended early on, it led to many more research projects. They include major research centers in Berkeley NEST [2] and CENS [2]. The researchers involved in these projects came up with the term mote to refer to a sensor node. The equivalent term in the NASA Sensor Webs Project[2] for a physical sensor node is pod, although the sensor node in a Sensor Web can be another Sensor Web itself. Physical sensor nodes have been able to increase their capability in conjunction with Moore's Law. The footprint of the chip contains more complex microcontrollers and these microcontrollers are also lower powered. Thus, for the same footprint of the node, more silicon capability can be now packed into it. Nowadays, motes or nodes focus on providing the longest wireless range upto dozens of km, with lowest energy consumption and the easiest development process for the user.
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The Key activity of this paper is to avoid the data loss in the network and also providing...
De Poorter, E., Troubleyn, E., Moerman, I., & Demeester, P. (2011). IDRA: A flexible system architecture for next generation wireless sensor networks. Wireless Networks, 17(6), 1423-1440. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11276-011-0356-5