Self-concept emerges as a child develops an increasingly rich concept of him or herself, separating the notion of “I” from other people and objects. In addition to he concept of “I” a child develops a separate notion of “Me” which has certain defining features and qualities. William James defined “Me” as one that is observed and perceived. “It is the Me that one sees when attention is focused on the self, the Me as an object, represented in self-concepts, in how we see ourselves.”
The notion of “I” is represented by actions of an individual. The “I” self-regulates, self-monitors, and presents the self to others in most appropriate way. Self-concepts involve an integration and organization of an enormous amount of information. The self-concepts are utilized with the individual’s past experiences as well as his or her future preferences. The individual who learns to perform more competently achieves more gratification and is also likely to develop more positive attitudes toward himself or herself. Once one can overcome fears and stressful feelings, one will become more confident as a result.
Evaluation of one’s behavior may play a significant role on how the individual perceives himself. Critics of behavioral therapy note that people may suffer not because their behavior is inadequate but because they evaluate it improperly. Some people have problems with distorted self-concepts more than with performance. These distorted self-concepts can be seen as a person labels himself a...
The better which a person develops an understanding of themselves and of the other people around them, the better able they will be able to develop intimate relationships. A person who has a negative model of self and has a negative model of others , otherwise known as Fearful, is going to shy away from attachment and be socially avoidant which obviously is going to affect the crisis of intimacy versus isolation. The example describes a person who is hesitant to make long term commitments and resists urges to display intimacy, but is capable of forming a dependency on him by the other in the relationship. A Preoccupied person has a negative self model and a positive model of others. They often tend to be overly dependent and ambivalent. The example suggests a person who might be shy and conservative but is capable of not displaying their awkward feelings to the other person. A Secure individual has a positive model of self and others. They are comfortable with intimacy and autonomy and often do not have a difficult time in forming intimate relationships. The example describes this person as someone who is very capable of healthy relationships and good communication skills. It seems like a secure person has all the good qualities that any relationship requires. And finally, a Dismissing person has a positive model of self but a negative model of others. They are characterized by denying attachment and their counter dependency. All of the differences among the different models result from past experiences in the individual’s life. How they were raised in terms of different parenting styles and methods of child raising affect an individuals internal working models of self and others.
It contains the perceptions, values, and ideals of the individual, organized in a configuration that has the particularity of being fully aware. Within the dynamics of personality, the concept of the self has the function to choose the perceptions of the individual and control the behavior of the individual. The principle according to which they reject or accept the experiences into consciousness is its consistency with the image of one 's self. Coincident with the self-experiences are accepted in the consciousness. Which are not can follow a double path as being distorted, be completely
We learn to understand how other people see us the me and respond to that with our I
The way that people perceive themselves and the environment around them is a key factor regarding their development and has incredible control over their personality and behaviors. Every individual develops different ways of interpreting their environment and social-cognitive theory calls these interpretations schemas, which can help understand the environment and form self-perceptions. Once self-perceptions are formed self-verification theory states that people will work to keep their self-perceptions consistent and predictable. Self-perception is a key factor in personality because it can affect people’s beliefs about themselves, their ability to set proper goals, and having a healthy evaluative standard. A study was done that shows how the brain of depressed individuals functions differently wen thinking about oneself than that of non-depressed individuals. Research has proven that individuals who have very negative self-schemas, often individuals who are depressed, will actively seek information that confirms their negative self-perception. Although it is unhealthy to receive negative feedback, it can also be unhealthy to receive information that contradicts someone’s current self-perception. The information that individuals interpret about themselves is what forms self-perception and that perception will influence both their personality and behaviors.
From a young age, I have always sought to categorize all aspects of my life. I have achieved this through the implementation of certain attributes. These include objectiveness, perfectionism, officiousness, industriousness and decisiveness. I thrive upon structure, without which I experience excessive anxiety. Whether it is a mild form of obsessive compulsive disorder or my inner drive to seek perfection in everything I do, it has impacted my relationships with others as well as my relationship with myself. My impartial nature and my desire to classify all aspects of my life have led me to judge myself and others very critically. My striving for perfection and my strong work ethic, has allowed me to become the best I can be in almost any field I put my mind to. The purpose of this essay is to consider the precepts of the book within the context of certain stages of my own life. Through reflecting on personal experiences I hope to gain a better understanding of myself.
The first unit on our textbook Interactions by Ann Moseley and Jeanette Harris talks about the self-concept. It is hard to find a definition for the self-concept because it is certain beliefs about ethnicity, religion, and personalities combined. This unit has a number of readings by various authors where it shows struggles with the self. Self-identity, ethnic backgrounds, and self-esteem are the major aspects of those readings. After reading their writings I found that I could relate to their experiences. The three readings that got my attention were “Zero” By Paul Logan, “I’m Just Me” by Lylah Alphonse, and “The Jacket” by Gary Soto.
Carl Rogers, one of the most influential psychologists in the 20th century, stated that [self-worth can be viewed as a gauge from high to low. There are times in one’s life where they are capable of handling the ba...
Saul McLeod(2008) said that the term self-concept is a general term used to refer to how someone thinks about, evaluates or perceives themselves. To be aware of oneself is to have a concept of oneself.
In everyday life, each ( infant, toddler, adult) observe others person’s actions and behavior and make inferences about other’s attitude based on what they see and find. Psychologist Daryl Ben (1967) who developed SPT (Self-Perception Theory) state that, people develop their attitudes by observing their behavior. Parents and primary caregivers play a significant role in child’s developing self-concept and self-esteem.
“Self” is the identity bestowed upon humans that allows us to distinguish ourselves from one another. A persons unique psyche is what entitles them to be considered an individual and mindfully independent. This distinct self identity follows a person through out every facet of their lives. It remains the same “self” from the time a person is born to the day they die, and possibly after. Despite many opinions, the true “self” does not come from our physical body, it comes from the mind and the soul. It is not what a person specifically thinks and feels, but the distinctive unparalleled way they do so. “Self” is embodied by our continued existence in every moment we experience. Our “self” is created to be stable and is best exemplified through consciousness. Consciousness, as defined by Miller in John Perry’s First Night, is “the non-physical and non-material aspects of you”. Some non-physical features of consciousness are demonstrated through our actions, memories, and how we perceive information. As new born babies, our consciousness is already established. Newborns have the ability to recognize their individual needs. They have a full understand of their idea of pain and pleasure, happiness and sadness. As we grow older, we better establish an awareness of our
“Self-concept consists of knowledge, views and evaluation of the self, ranging from miscellaneous facts of personal history to the identity that gives a sense of purpose and coherence to life” (McCrae and Costa, 1996). With self-concept, we learn who we are by observing ourselves and using our cognitive processes to judge and evaluate our behaviour. However, with self-regulation, we are able to use this knowledge and judgment and apply it to future situations and so predicts behaviour and says a lot about our personality. If we are willing to cognitively analyse past situations and apply it effectively to future situations, this means we are changing our behaviour, thus changing our
In order to understand how one perceives situations and how they can determine the way one communicates; we first must understand the value of self-concept. Self is easily defined; it is one's beliefs, attitudes, feelings and values. It is who one is and what one stands for. Self-concept, is a relevantly stable set of perceptions and emotional states. It is the way one sees and understands oneself, and contributes to how one perceives oneself and perceives situations. One's self-concept may alter their perception, and either enhance or impede one's communication effectiveness. The way one sees oneself can influence the way they see their social surroundings. Only after one become aware of oneself can they be aware of their physical and social surroundings, which will allow one to perceive situations and people with a truer idea and create a more positive outcome.
The self-discrepancy theory developed by Edward Higgins states that people have three basic domains of the self: actual, ideal, and ought. Each self can also vary based on its standpoint. The theory describes two different vantage points: own and other. The actual self represents the traits and characteristics that you possess and express in a social environment. The actual self can vary between what you picture yourself as, own viewpoint, and what others close to you picture you as, other viewpoint. Then there is the ideal self, which represents the characteristics and traits you desire, or others wish for you to have. The ought self is the representation of all the attributes you or others believe you should have, such as sense of duty and responsibilities. The ought self can either converge or diverge from the ideal self, depending on the person. There many other theories that develop further selves for various situations such as s...
We tend to try to understand our self and how we are as a person then we try to act and behave accordingly as to whom we are and this concept is called self-concept. This is our idea of which we are our understanding of our self (Mcleod, 2008). This composes of our belief about our self, our attitude and behavior and our opinion as how we are supposed to behave and how we really behave (Feenstra, 2011). As for me, my self-concept is that I am a worrier and I said this because I always end up telling other people about my worries so I share it with them. This is very different with my friend who always keeps her taught to herself and stays aloof all the time. Then aside from our self-concept, we also have what we call our self-schema. Self-schema is the way we look at ourselves hence it can be associated with what we liked to do. My self-schema is that I am a gardener because I love working on my garden. Every time I see something about gardening, I can easily associate myself with it because of my self-schema hence my behavior shows how I perceive myself. Self-schema is the same as self-awareness hence I am aware of myself either publicly or privately. Private self-awareness ar...
In the following, I am going to talk about the self-concept. Self-concept suggested that there are different kinds of self, such as actual self, ideal self, physical self, public self and spiritual self (Buss, 2001).