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second language acquisition in children
second language acquisition in children
second language acquisition in children
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Recommended: second language acquisition in children
Second language acquisition is when a child or adult has already become
competent at a language and then attempts to learn ano.
Comment to the language teaching method, combine with your own
learning experience, choose one or more teaching methods that you
think is the best.
Second language acquisition is when a child or adult has already
become competent at a language and then attempts to learn another. The
goal of learning language is for communication and exchanging message.
There are numerous of methods have been used to teach a second
language: direct method, communicative method, (indirect)
grammar-translated method, reading method and audio-lingual
(audio-visual) method, etc. Normally, teacher does not use one single
method, although he/she may have a leaning towards certain aspects of
particular one. He/She may use a combination of methods, in order to
successfully achieve the goal.
For the direct method, it is also known as Natural/ Phonetical method.
It is based on the belief that knowing a language for speaking
purpose. Writing, printed note or word and learning of grammar are
avoided because they hinder the acquisition of good oral proficiency.
But it is not the real case. Rejecting printed word; focusing only on
oral aspect of language would resist the development of other language
skill. A good language learner should acquaint oneself with writing,
reading, listening and speaking all four skills.
And the communicative method, it is quite similar to the direct
method. It also focuses on language as a medium of communication. But
it is more systematical and not limited to the practice of oral
skills, but all four-skills area. In fact, it recognizes that
disregard of grammatical form...
... middle of paper ...
... others fluently. Direct method is the best to use for putting the
learner of a forward progress.
All kinds of teaching methods should all have their strength and
weakness. They are invented to suit to use in the period of time. But
gradually, disadvantages are discovered. There is never a method that
should not be applied; it can really help learners to learn the second
language. Never just to blame for the teaching method and the fault’s
of the teacher, if it is unsuccessful to learn a language. Student’s
attitudes towards language should also be positive, patient, eager to
learn and not to be shy of making mistakes. Learning from mistakes is
a precious experience of learning. With a combination of suitable
teaching method, good teacher and correct attitudes towards learning a
language is the only way to get succeed in any second language
acquisition.
Language has a big role when it comes to all the cultures, but it can be in different ways as well. It really depends on the background of the student their approach to language. Acquiring/Learning hypothesis really gives you the chance to approach the students in a way that they will feel comfortable. Even though they might not notice, through repetition, visuals and hand gestures, you are helping them acquire the language without disrespecting them culturally. Being relevant and familiar is also a great way to help the students. When doing a lesson, be aware of their background and tie the lesson up with something they are already familiar with. Helping them acquire and learns a language also requires you to challenge them in a way that they feel like they are capable of doing great and being
Since the 1940s, new solutions to successful English as a Second Language (ESL) instruction have been discovered many times. Like bestseller novels, the latest hit pop songs, and blockbuster films, second-language theories and methodologies enjoy a few months or years in the spotlight and then fade away into oblivion due to many instructors not taking the chance to truly experiment with these instructional methods. There was always a “tried-and-true” methodology from an expert theorist, who may or may not have had first-hand experience learning a second language, to fall on. Douglas Brown, a renowned professor of San Francisco State University, notes that languages were “not being taught primarily to learn oral communication, but to learn for the sake of being ‘scholarly’ or…for reading proficiency” (15). Theories of second-language acquisition did not start to pop up until the instructional objective became oral competence and comprehension. New and effective methodologies of ESL classrooms are necessary in order for learners to obtain and understand the language and its culture; teachers need to consider their teaching style, each student’s learning style, and the classroom behavior, interests, and culture.
According to Ellis (2010), Second Language Acquisition (SLA) scholars have proved the importance of their research in the area for the Language Pedagogy (LP). At the same time, there is no consensus regarding the exact nature of this relationship as well as the actors and actions involved. Obviously, teacher training institutions have to take into account the specific nature of language teaching because, as mentioned earlier in the text, this field requires the instructors to teach, not only the subject per se, but also introduce the intercultural competence. Furthermore, SLA is a rapidly developing area, which means that the theoretical research and practical implementation of findings are closely connected. Modern methodologies have seen
The present reaction paper is based on the article called Language Learning Strategies in a Nutshell: Update and ESL Suggestions, written by Rebecca L. Oxford (2004). In her article, the author refers to learning strategies in and out of the field of second language (henceforth L2). She defines strategies as the conscious plans or actions taken by learners to improve their progress in developing L2 skills and their communicative abilities. Oxford claims that according to research, explicit instruction on language learning strategies is beneficial for students in one of two main areas: overall proficiency or specific skill improvement. From this perspective, it is believed that explicit instruction on language learning strategies allows students to become good language learners who know, and understand that the use of strategies can be beneficial and even transferable to other fields of study.
It is also enhanced with illustrations, reflection and action parts which give an idea to the readers and offers a variety of perspectives on language teaching and learning process. The first section, the “Exploring skills” begins with the concept of language teaching methodology followed by chapters on listening, speaking, reading and writing. The second section “Exploring language” deals with four different features of language the sound system, vocabulary system, grammatical system and the discourse system which enriches the ideas and techniques and helps the learners to master these language items. The third section “Supporting the learning process” looks at the ways in which the learning process can be supported through strategies with the effective use of commercial course books, computer assisted language learning, learner autonomy, content based instruction and classroom based
Thus, the book answers numerous practical questions that teachers have often struggled with; for example, how to increase the chances of academic success for language learners, how to use technology to teach language effectively, or how to teach language and content material concurrently. From the preface, the author makes it very clear that the book is designed to support language teachers in their journey as new teachers and throughout their teaching careers. In total, the book contains eleven chapters, which have been divided into four parts. The first part, "What Do Language Teachers Think About?" includes topics of foreign/ second language acquisition theories and language teaching methodologies. This part introduces the background knowledge readers will need in their journey as language teachers. The second part, "How Do You Teach a Language?" introduces approaches to teaching and learning that improve students’ writing, listening, speaking and reading abilities. Each chapter in this part includes suggestions for how students can be motivated and describes teaching and testing approaches to assess students ' language skills and academic literacy. The third part, "How Do I Know What to Teach?" is instrumental in helping teachers adopt teaching practices to particular teaching settings. The fourth part, "Where Do I Go from Here?" helps teachers gain a clearer perspective of what language teaching is all about; this section also considers teacher 's self-assessment and personal
Language is a medium of communication and a carrier of culture because all that people know about their origin is communicated to them using language. In most cases mother tongues are suitable in expressing ones way of life. The native language is the best in expressing basic societal affairs. Language is the key medium of communication and it should be used in its simplest form because the simpler the language the easier the communication (Diyanni 633-639).
The aim of this essay is to explore language acquisition and compare and contrast different theories of language acquisition and language development. Language in its most basic form is used to communicate our needs and wants. It encompasses a range of modes of delivery including signing, spoken and written words, posture, eye contact, facial expressions and gestures. So how do we learn ‘language’? Are we born with the skills for communication, or is it something that we have to learn or have taught to us? Four theories are looked at in this essay to determine how children acquire and then develop language. These theories include behaviourist, nativist, cognitivist and sociocultural. This essay will highlight some similarities and differences in each theory and what impact these have on a child’s acquisition and development of language. Lastly we will look at the implications of these theories when working with children. Can a classroom teacher deliver a quality literacy program based on just one of these theories or does it need to incorporate components of all four? Sims, (2012) pp. 21 states ‘’High-quality learning experiences in the early years of life enhance children’s cognitive and language skills’’. This places a great responsibility on educators and teachers alike to provide an environment which is rich in learning opportunities that will encourage both the acquisition and development of language.
With the increasing popularity of dual immersion programs in schools and the widespread notion that language acquisition is something that needs to happen early on life, is there an ideal age to learn a second language (L2)?
Being able to speak more than one language is proving to be a valuable skill in modern society. Many children across the world are at least bilingual, leaving many American parents wondering if they too, should learn to speak another language. While this debate remains ongoing, many adults are seeking to learn a second language either to communicate with a new client base or to attain higher status within a corporate setting.
They must participate in the activities of the lessons which keeps them alert and engaged in their learning. Another advantage of this method is that students are understanding what they learn. They don't connect it back to their native language but they are able to express their thoughts and ideas in correct English. The Direct Method works for all levels of learners. Whether it be level one beginning learners or higher level learners. It can be adapted for the whole range of learners. Since the main focus is the speaking and listening of the new language the students will become fluent speakers. They will have a lot of practice with pronunciation and expression as well. With this method, the teacher demonstrates the language instead of explaining the rules of the language and how to use
Language acquisition is a significant milestone in early childhood with lexical acquisition beginning as early as six months, and starting before an infant ever speaks their first word (Gervain & Mehler, 2010). Understanding and later speaking their native language will prove to be an important skill. According to Topping, Dekhinet, and Zeedyk (2012), parent-infant interaction in the first three years is critical to the development of this skill. The brain shows evidence that structural and functional organization for language exists from the start (Gervain & Mehler, 2010), and even prior to birth infants are exposed to language in utero (May, Heinlein, Gervain, & Werker, 2011), with hearing onset in the third trimester. This exposure allows them
A fundamental aspect of language acquisition is acquiring sufficient vocabulary to understand and convey meaning. As the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach is today´s contemporary method of teaching languages, the Grammar Translation Approach´s Focus on Forms (FonFs) became obsolete. Instead of the intentional teaching of language items, the CLT classroom focuses on incidental learning. Incidental learning is key principle of Focus on Form (FonF) and applied in the SLA classroom to give it a more naturalistic atmosphere.
Possessing a language is a quintessentially human trait, yet the acquisition of language in children is not perfectly understood. Most explanations involve the observation that children mimic what they hear and the assumption that human beings have a natural ability to understand grammar. Behaviorist B.F. Skinner originally proposed that language must be learned and cannot be a module. The mind consisted of sensorimotor abilities as well as laws of learning that govern gradual changes in an organism’s behavior (Skinner, B.F., 1957). Noam Chomsky’s review of Skinner’s Verbal Behavior (Chomsky, 1959) challenged this belief by arguing that children learn languages that are governed by highly subtle and abstract principles, and they do so without explicit instruction or any other environmental clues. Therefore language acquisition must depend on an innate, species-specific module. Much of the debate in language acquisition has attempted to test this once revolutionary, and still controversial, collection of ideas. In this paper I will be discussing the evidence that supports Chomsky’s view of language acquisition, along with research that opposes his view. First I will be presenting a brief overview of Chomsky’s view on language acquisition, from there I will present supporting and opposing arguments from other researchers.
Learning a new language may take its own time and dedication. Once if you learn second language and being fluent in second language offers numerous benefits and opportunities. Second language learning is exciting and benefit in all ages. It can surely provide practical, intellectual and many aspiration