Authority, borrowed or earned, is a currency of influence, the power to provoke cognitive shifts or physical action. Darrow, the I in Pierce Brown’s dystopian tale of stratified culture and revolt, recognizes he borrows authority from Mustang, the leader of House Minerva, but in this recognition comes his submission. To borrow authority from another person is to submit to that person’s authority; consequently, stray from borrowed authority, and authorization no longer exists. This model, called a Complex Authority Structure, begins with a primary person of authority allowing a second person to borrow that authority. In turn, the borrower then holds that authority over a third party.
This model is important to studying authority in Second
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Traditionally, this question is some form of, “from which culture, cultures, or Hebraic movements did Second Temple apocalyptic authors borrow concepts, ideas, and imagery for their material?” The answer to that question is then posited as the source for Second Temple apocalyptic material. The problem, however, is this question invites correlation fallacies; older literature correlating with apocalyptic literature are assumed to be sources. To avoid that fallacy, the work herein incorporates comparative literary studies, but such comparisons are focused solely on lines of authority in Second Temple apocalyptic material and its possible source in the Tanakh or literature from the external ancient world (EAW). To be considered a source, however, the authority in the Tanakh or EAW literary passage must be in a parent-child relationship (as defined in the glossary) with the same topos in Second Temple literature. How, then, is this study …show more content…
As result of this understanding, a review of Second Temple history grounded the study in the historical and cultural milieu in which the authors wrote. Once completed, the following step was a literary review that resulted in two main observations: (1) an a priori acceptance of sources was introduced into Apocalyptic studies through the History of Religions school, best exemplified in the Babel-Bible controversy beginning in 1903; (2) apocalyptic studies concerning sources used comparative studies concerning the text itself, not on uses of authority that evidence a parent-child relationship. The result of the Second Temple historical and review of scholarship was a methodology derived from postmodern historiography. The first key element of this method affecting this study was the realization that true scientific objectivity is not possible in subjective studies such as literary comparison. As such, “loops” or temporary returns to earlier parts of a step were introduced to the process in order to control for human error and bias (as explained below). The second key element of this method affecting this study was a text-first approach that recognized no a priori acceptance of sources between Second Temple apocalyptic literature and Tanakh or EAW
LaHaye, Tim, and Ed Hindson. The Popular Encyclopedia of Bible Prophecy. Eugene, OR.: Harvest House Publishers, 2004.
To hold authority is to possess power, and when one has power over a person or people he or she is generally feared. In t...
Among Jewish peasantry at the time of Jesus were two distinct types of prophets: the action prophets, who "led sizable movements of peasants from the villages of Judea in anticipation of God's new, eschatological act of liberation," and the oracular prophets, who delivered oracles of either judgment or deliverance (185). The former, as illustrated by the case of Theudas, appea...
Hindson, E. E., & Yates, G. E. (2012). The Essence of the Old Testament: A survey. Nashville, Tenn: B & H Academic.
There are numerous examples of how Miller presents and develops the theme of power and authority, but it only unveils itself gradually through the play, due to each character’s hidden physical attitudes. Firstly there is the religious authority, with the work of god that presides over the lives of the villagers. Next we soon come across the court’s legal authority that is run by Danforth who consumes most of the court’s say in every matter, but they still abide and depend on the strict Puritan’s religious authority. Then there is abusive empowerment that Ab...
Different approaches are required in order to get to the theology of the book. Unreserved evidences from the text itself provide the clear set of evidence that God is in fact behind the scenes preserving and sheltering His people. Several other definite items such as literary structure, writi...
People who have power use it to manipulate the rules, which in turn may lead to their loss of power. There are times when the rules are not to their liking. They abuse their powers and not follow the rules. This can lead to consequences that are endured by those using and abusing power as shown by characters in The Lord of the Flies and “I Only Came to Use the Phone.” These works demonstrate how people change when given authority for good or evil and suggest that anyone given power can use it to their advantage. People’s use or abuse of power is not only a perfect theme for these two pieces of literature but also in our everyday lives.
Boustan, Raʻanan S. Violence, Scripture, and Textual Practices in Early Judaism and Christianity. Leiden: Brill, 2010. Print.
Often, too much power can go to that particular person’s head, and he/she can become corrupt. As readers have seen in literature, abuses of power are often harmful to the abuser and their subjects. Corrupted authority and abuses of power eventually lead to the collapse of society. This concept is shown many times throughout the novel Lord Of the Flies and the short story “I Only Came to Use the Phone”. Displayed through characters and actions, abusive power has dominated what should be morally correct in literature.
Raven, Bertram, and John French. Jr. "Legitimate Power, Coercive Power, and Observability in Social Influence ." Sociometry Vol. 21.No. 2 (1958): 83. Web. 2 Aug 2010. .
Scholars have shifted from the notion that the Bible differs from other ancient Near Eastern literature, cultures, and religions. If this were so, the Bible would be considered a myth. In this chapter Oswalt gives descriptions to what a myth is and gives insight into whether it is acceptable to label the Bible as a myth. Since the 1960s, scholars have been stating that the attributes of the Bible and its contemporary belief system have more in common to a myth even though the data used to make these claims have remained the same.
... of Israel, 2d ed.: A Theological Survey of the Old Testament. Garden City: Baker Academic, 2002.
Ancient world literature and early civilization stories are mostly centered on human’s relationship with higher beings. Ancient civilizations were extremely religious, holding the belief that their very lives were in the hands of their almighty god or goddess. This holds true for both the people of biblical times as well as those of the epic era. However, their stories have some differences according to cultural variation but the main structure, ideas, and themes are generally found correlative. It is hard to believe that one work did not affect the others. The first great heroic epic poem of Gilgamesh and the Old Testament are parts of two cultures that are hundreds of years apart. Whereas Gilgamesh is a myth and the book of Genesis is the basis of many religions, they both have notably similar accounts of symbols, motifs, meaningful events according to the relationship between the divine and humans in literature.
LaSor, W., Hubbard, D., Bush, F., & Allen, L. (1996). Old Testament survey: The message, form, and background of the Old Testament (2nd ed.). Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans
This concise paper will investigate and elaborate on the themes and ideas on eschatology that are found in the New Testament and will begin to draw forth connections and present arguments and conclusions from these themes and