Abstract Scleroderma (SSc) or systemic sclerosis is a chronic connective tissue disease generally classified as one of the autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Many features of SSc are well known including inflammation, small-vessel vasculopathy, and overexpression of Extracellular Matrix (EMC) protein and fibrosis of the skin, lungs, and other internal organs. This study looks at different molecules that play important roles in the biological pathways in Scleroderma. Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor-gamma (PPAR-ᵞ) is involved in regulation of fibrosis and adipogenesis in SSc. PPAR-γ has been found to be low in several cell types in SSc patients and African American (AA) donors. It is believed that healthy AA donor’s monocytes have similar characteristics to SSc patients’ monocytes. High levels of Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGFβ), Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and Interleukin-13 (IL-13) levels are responsible for the decreasing of PPAR-ᵞ expression in monocytes isolated from SSc patients and healthy AA donors. Caveolin-1inhibits pro-fibrotic monocytes functions by up-regulation of PPAR-ᵞ and inhibition of monocyte migration. Treatments of monocytes derived from SSc patients …show more content…
The word “scleroderma” comes from two Greek words: “sclero” meaning hard, and “derma” meaning skin. Hardening of the skin is one of the most visible manifestations of this disease. Many features of scleroderma are well known including inflammation, fibrosis of the skin, lungs, and other internal organs and small-vessel vasculopathy. Currently in the United States, about 500,000 people are diagnosed with Scleroderma and around the world 2.5 million are also diagnosed (Barnes and Mayes 2012). Scleroderma is a rare but incurable disease and patients with this disease usually have an eleven year life span after diagnostics. (Mayes et. al
There are approximately six types of EDS that have been distinguished but other types exist that are very uncommon. Classical, Hypermobile, Vascular, Kyphoscoliosis, Arthrochalasia, and Dermatosparaxis. Classical and Hypermobile make up over 90% of all reported cases of EDS. With the Classical type of EDS a person would have hyperextensible (stretchy) skin with widened atrophic scars and joint hypermobility. The skin is smooth and velvety with tissue fragility and easy brusability. Also evident are molluscoid pseudotumors (fleshy lesions associated with scars) frequently found over pressure points (e.g. elbows) and subcutaneous spheroids, which are commonly mobile and palpable on the forearms and shins. Complications of joint hypemobility include sprains, dislocation are common in the shoulder, patella and temporomandibular joints Muscle hypotonia and slower gross motor development also can occur It is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner (Clarke, D., Skrocki-Czerpak, K., Neumann-Potash, L.).
There are various methods of diagnosing Raydaund syndrome. Cold water emersion is one method. In this method, patients’ hands are immersed in cold water to observe any clinical features. Another mode of diagnosis looks at medical conditions that are associated with Raynaud syndrome, such as CTD, scleroderma, and lupus. A third technique includes physical examination of the ulnar and radial vessels, nail folds in the capillaries, presence of digital inflammation, sclerodactyly (sleroderma, hardening of the skin, of the fingers and toes), or telangiectasia (chronic dilation of groups of capillaries
Pemphigus vulgaris is a serious but rare autoimmune disorder of the epithelial cells and mucosal lining of the skin. The first cases were recorded by McBride in 1771 and by Whichman in 1979. McBride was to describe the first to casualties as being caused by “bloody ichor” and “putrid ulcers”. (Jordon, 2013) However, Whichman was the one who would originally name the disease as pemphigus. The word “pemphigus” is of Greek origin which means blister or bubble. (Jordon, 2013) As the name suggests, this disease causes painful blisters or bullous erosions of the squamous epithelia and mucous membranes. It can be sub-classified based on the location of the lesions in the epidermis. Pemphigus vulgaris is considered to be one of the deep forms of the disease. The lesions appear deep into the epidermis of the skin right above the basal lamina. (Zeina, 2013)
What is scoliosis? Scoliosis is a musculoskeletal disorder that causes the back to curve sideways like and “S” or a “C” and cause the body to lean to one side. Scoliosis can eventually if not looked into and not treated colid with your bodily organs like your heart, lungs, and kidneys. This can cause you to slump down into a hump and cause it hard to breath and do physical activity.
Makover, M. & Zieve, D. (2011, February 14). Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved July 14, 2012, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001471/
Zhang L, Wang WH, Li LF, Dong GX, Zhao J, Luan JY, Sun TT. Long-term remission of primary erythermalgia with R1150W polymorphism in SCN9A after chemical lumbar sympathectomy. European journal of dermatology : EJD 2010:20: 763-767.
In the 1990s, however, Bastuji and Roujeau each proposed that erythema multiform major and Stevens-Johnson syndrome are 2 distinct disorders (Roujeau, 1997). They suggested that the diagnosis of erythema ...
Psoriasis is a disease that has been associated with humans since the beginning of time. It is a type of autoimmune disease that produces red, slivery, and scaly patches to appear on the skin. Autoimmune disease is a type of disease that occurs when the body’s immune system mistaken the body’s organs as foreign substance. Psoriasis is chronic and can affect people of all ages but it is not contagious. There are currently about 125 million people around the world suffering from psoriasis or about 3% of the world’s total population. This essay will discuss the importance, biochemistry, and the potential treatment options of psoriasis.
Oedema is when fluid collected in the spaces between the cells in the body. The fluid leaks out of the damaged cells. The fluid can not be drained with a needle and probably won't improve by taking water pills. The build up of the fluid causes the affected tissue to swell up. The swelling can happen in one part of the body. For example, when you can injured, or it can also be more general. Along with the swelling and puffiness of the skin, oedema can cause stiff joints, raised blood pressure and pulse rate, aching, tender limbs, skin discoloration, weight loss or weight gain, and areas of the skin that hold an imprint of your finger when pressed. Oedema can happen anywhere in the body, but it usually happens in the feet and ankles. This
Scleroderma (SSc) is a chronic disease characterized by the overexpression of Extracellular Matrix (ECM) Proteins. Scleroderma disease can further develop into a fibrotic condition that causes deformation of the lungs and other internal organs (Song et al., 2011). The most important players in the development of SSc are myofibroblast cells and it is uncontrolled myofibroblast production of ECM proteins during healing process what differentiates SSc from normal healing processes (Del Galdo et al., 2008). In SSc fibroblasts, overproduction of proteins such as collagen, fibronectin, and glycosoaminoglycans has been observed as well as other pro-fibrotic cytokines (Atamas et al., 2003). The initial onset or origin of the disease is not clear
In 2002, There was a horrible illness which is called severe acute respiratory syndrome, the abbreviation is SARS. SARS is a horrible disease which spreads fast. However, during the time, people post some fake news online and says vinegar and Isatis root are good for the illness. Therefore, people start to become crazy and buy those things but those are not good for the disease. One more example of myself experience. Recently, I have come down with a case of eczema, something I had never experienced before. My aunt read about a cure for eczema online that said that I should wash with hot water because hot water stimulates blood flow and dissipates the eczema. To my dismay, the eczema spread all over my body and I suffered horribly. I had to
Relevant cell observational tissue cultural studies: Omega-6 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting the production of interleukins, chemokines which reduces atherosclerosis progression [80]. Omega-6 has an anti-inflammatory effect by regulating PGE2 production from macrophages which inhibits TNF-α synthesis [7] and lipoxins formation [9]. Likewise, two studies found that PPARα expression in pretreated cultured human endothelial cells and human aortic smooth-muscle cells were significantly expressing the
Rheumatoid Arthritis Define the disorder/disease: Rheumatoid Arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disorder that affects your joints. It is one of the most immobilizing types of arthritis, causing deformity and disability. It can affect any joint in our body but usually first affects the wrists and small joints in your hands, including the knuckles and the middle joints of your hand. As the disease progresses, it will affect other joints, including your knees, ankles, elbows, hips, and shoulders on both sides of the body. Rheumatoid arthritis can also affect non-joint structures, including the eyes, skin, heart, lungs, kidneys, salivary glands, nerve tissue, blood vessels, and bone marrow.
In today’s world with technology and information so readily available it can sometimes be difficult to tell what information is factual and what is questionable. Answering simple questions may become more troublesome or demanding when you have to brave numerous resources to conclude which resources have validity and which do not. To show this I conducted research from a valid and a non-valid source to try to answer a question in hopes of improving my mother’s way of life. My mother has had with psoriasis for as long as I can remember. I am a witness to her constant struggle due towith the pain and recurring inflation which is why I would like to answer the question; what is the best treatment for psoriasis?
Before we can hope to reason correctly, we need God’s grace to transform our minds” (Jones p.13). Growing up with a Catholic background, I never knew much about what theology was. I had heard stories about the study of theology, but never practiced the understanding of the things of God. I grew up in a traditional Catholic background and was baptized when I was very young. I had the support of my family to attend church and have a relationship with God. On my mom 's side, I am a 5th generation Catholic, my dad grew up Episcopalian. My dad later was baptized into the Catholic church and accepted Christ. Both my parents have influenced me into the belief of God and his teachings. I fell away from Christ a couple years ago and put