Corrosion and rubbing alcohol vs. corrosion and hydrogen peroxide
“Are brass, lead, iron, and aluminum more likely to corrode in solutions of rubbing alcohol or hydrogen peroxide?”
a. Definition-corrosion, rust, oxidation
Corrosion is the atmospheric oxidation of metals.
Rusting is essentially a process of oxidation in which iron combines with water and oxygen to form rust. Rust is the reddish-brown crust that forms on the surface of iron. Rust, a chemical compound, is a hydrated ferric oxide Fe2O3·nH2O, where n is usually 11/2. The chemical mechanism of rusting is not fully known, but is thought to involve oxidation of metallic iron to ferrous ion, (Fe++) and reaction of the ferrous ion with oxygen and water to form rust. This reaction is catalyzed by water, acids, and metals (e.g., copper and tin) below iron in the electromotive series. Because iron is so widely used, e.g., in building construction and in tools, its protection against rusting is important. Although metals (e.g., aluminum, chromium, and zinc) above iron in the electromotive series corrode more readily than iron, their oxides form a tenuous coating that protects the metal from further attack. Rust is brittle and flakes off the surface of the iron, continually exposing a fresh surface. Rusting can be prevented by excluding air and water from the iron surface, e.g., by painting, oiling, or greasing, or by plating the iron with a protective coating of another metal. Metals used for plating include chromium, nickel, tin, and zinc. Zinc plating is called galvanizing. (www.encyclopedia.com/articles:2000).
Many alloys of iron are resistant to corrosion. Stainless steels are alloys of iron with such metals as chromium and nickel; they do not corrode because the added metals help form a hard, adherent oxide coating that resists further attack. The iron hulls of ships can be protected against rusting by attaching magnesium strips to the underside of the vessel. An electric current is generated, with the magnesium and iron acting as electrodes and seawater acting as the electrolyte. Because magnesium is above iron in the electromotive series, it serves as a "sacrificial anode and is oxidized in preference to the iron. This is called cathodic protection, since the iron serves as the cathode and thus escapes oxidation. This method is also used to protect the pipes of electric generating plants where saltwater is used as a coolant.) (www.encyclopedia.com/articles:2000).
The involvement of water accounts for the fact that rusting occurs much more rapidly in moist conditions as compared to a dry environment such as a desert.
We observed that some penny from the same year didn’t always have the same mass, so therefore we took the liberty of weighing about 3 to 4 pennies individually from the group of pennies that we had and estimated the uncertainties base on how much they were off from
I added ½ tablespoon of baking soda to 4 cups of water. I added a small drop of liquid soap to the water and stirred to mix. I used the end of a straw and cut out 20 circles of spinach leaves. I pulled the plunger completely out of the syringe and put the leaf circles into the syringe. Next I pushed the plunger back in. I used the syringe to suck up the baking soda water until the syringe was about ¼ full of liquid. I placed my finger over the end of the syringe and pulled back on the plunger as far as I could without pulling the plunger out. I repeated this step three times. All the leaf circles sunk to the bottom of the liquid. I placed the spinach into a clear glass with about 2 inches of baking soda solution. I blocked out all light. I set the lamp with a compact florescent light bulb. I placed the glass in front of the lamp. I counted the number of circles that floated after each minute for 20 minutes (positive control). I created a negative control by not placing compact florescent light bulb and not placing the glass in front of the lamp. I counted the number of circles that are floating. I repeated the experiment with fresh circles and used regular water plus soap for all steps instead of baking soda and soa...
Titanium exhibits a variety of mechanical properties that allows it to be used in different applications. Titanium is extremely resistant to corrosion especially when in close proximity with different media such as human bone, synovial fluid and plasma. This is achieved through the use of a stable and insoluble oxide film that strongly adheres to the surface of titanium. Research has shown that titaniums resistance is considerably better than
How does drinking an energy drink affect the heart rate of a person? If one drinks a Full Throttle, that person’s heart rate will rise.The idea of this science fair project is if someone drinks an energy drink then that person’s heart rate will rise and could have either a positive or negative effect on the human heart.This project is interesting to me because I consume energy drinks and I want to find out how they effect my heart rate.
The purpose of this lab was to show us what will happen when we soak the egg in the tap water overnight. When we soaked the egg in the tap water overnight, the egg appeared to be swollen. The egg also gained mass because the egg has less water concentration.
Second, long term and short term climate changes (e.g. global warming and El Nino) may lead to dryness. Global warming rises
The hypothesis for this experiment was, If three different types of waters (saltwater, fresh water, tap water) are tested, then the liquids won’t evaporate at the same rate and tap water will evaporate at the fastest rate because it won’t have any non-volatile substances to hold it back from evaporating.
Mary Wollstonecraft, a women’s rights advocate in the year 1792 summed it up perfectly when she said, “I do not wish them [women] to have power over men; but over themselves.” She is describing the fight within every woman in the Feminist Movement that began in the 1700’s and extended throughout the late 20th century. This powerful motion was a drive to address the debated issues of reproductive rights, domestic violence, maternity leave, equal pay, women’s suffrage, sexual harassment, and sexual violence. As time has passed, feminists have pushed extremely hard to gain equal rights and respect from their male counterparts. Unfortunately in today’s world, society still puts an emphasis on a women’s exterior beauty. They emphasize it in magazines, television commercials, and even the infamous beauty pageant. The industry of beauty pageants is growing rapidly, jeopardizing the continuous work of many women’s rights advocates, throwing away the continuing efforts for equal rights (Miss America, 2011).
1. Introduction Redox reaction between fingerprint sweat residue and the surface of metals is a major factor that causes corrosion on metals due to the presence of chlorides ions in fingerprint sweat. With exposure to sweat residue, chemical reaction happened between the interaction of sweat residue and the metal surface, which causes the metal surface to oxides and eventually degraded. Besides sweat, various controllable and uncontrollable factors, such as oxygen, moisture and environmental conditions are other factors that have an impact on how fast a metal corrodes. So, the aim of this discussion is to analyse the effects of sweat on metallic surfaces.
Tarnished means to dull the luster of; discolor. Coins can get dirty from rain, dirt, and other environmental hazards. Humans can even contaminate coins with dirt and bacteria in their hands. Also, "The atoms of the coins can combine with oxygen molecules in the atmosphere in a chemical process called oxidation." (Deziel) Oxidation is to form or cause to form a layer of metal oxide, as in rusting. In this chemical process, the atoms of the coins combine with oxygen atoms in the air to create corrosion on the coins. The corrosion can make the coin look dirty, or can even change the color of the
“As a child, I loved athletics and physical activities. I was talented, but my talent was not appreciated or approved of by most. I watched my brothers compete on school teams. It didn't matter that in the neighborhood pick-up games, I was selected before my brothers. Society dictated that I should watch, and that they should compete. So at home in the backyard, I would catch as my brother worked on his curve ball, I would shag flies as he developed his batting prowess and, as I recall, I frequently served as his tackling dummy. The brother I caught and shagged for, and for whom I served as a tackling dummy, went on to Georgetown University on a full athletic grant. He later became vice president of a large banking firm. So, while I rode in the back seat on the bus of opportunity during my lifetime, I want my daughter's daughter and her peers to be able to select a seat based on their abilities and their willingness to work. Don't deny them the things that I dreamed of."-- Excerpts of a letter sent to OCR in spring 1995 by Joan Martin, Senior Associate Director of Athletics, Monmouth University, New Jersey
After each group member performed 20 trials for each type of glassware, we were able to use percent error and standard deviation to determine which types of glassware are accurate and precise. In this experiment, it was important to measure the temperature of the water in order to record accurate densities, which can impact the mass of the water.
(Cliffnotes) Osmosis played a really big role in the second part of the experiment. One of the beakers was filled with water and so was one of the dialysis tubes and both reacted with sucrose. When particles move through the membrane, whether they go in or out, the cell will either begin to shrink or grow, and can grow so much that it bursts. If a solution gains water it is called a hypertonic to the solution on the outside. If the opposite happens then the solution is hypotonic. When an equal amount of water particles are transferred between both solutions then they are both called isotonic solutions. (Lab notes) Dialysis is the process in which particles, that are different sizes, are separated using a selectively permeable membrane. In the experiment we used the dialysis tubes to test the permeability of water, sucrose and
By adding up to 2%,of carbon it makes the steel tough and strong. Although it’s tough and strong, it is able to bend. To make sure that the metal doesn’t rust, it has a zinc coating on it. Iron is 26 on the periodic table,and considered an “transition metal,” meaning that it is ductile and malleable, and conduct electricity and heat. ... “Some other elements that are similar to iron are cobalt and nickel. They are the only elements known to produce a magnetic field.” Zinc is 30 on the periodic table and it is also a transition metal like iron. “The first iron used by humans is likely to have come from meteorites.” A meteorite is a meteor that survives its passage through the earth's atmosphere such that part of it strikes the ground. More than 90 percent of meteorites are of rock, while the remainder consist wholly or partly of iron and nickel. Meteors are believed to have been from the asteroid belt of Mars and
Roman slaves extracted and prepared the lead, describes a disease among the slaves that was clearly lead poisoning. Because of their potential toxicity, lead water pipes are no longer being installed. The greatest single use of lead metal today is in the plates of storage batteries for automobiles. The protective oxidation layer formed by lead in contact with such substances as air, sulfuric acid, and fluorine makes it highly resistant to corrosion. For this reason, lead has been used to make drainage pipes and lead chambers in sulfuric acid factories.