Scandinavia's Europeanization
analytical Essay
1274 words
When most people think of early Scandinavia, they think of horned Vikings pillaging and raping their way through Europe. Sadly, this biased view of history ignores the intricacies of the contacts between the Norse people and other European peoples. Up until the end of the Viking Age, Scandinavia and Europe shared a relationship in which each region exerted cultural, religious, and political pressures on the other. However, though there was reciprocity in this relationship, Europe brought to bear far more noticeable and long-lasting influences on the north. This becomes apparent when examining the Indo-European demographical and cultural origins of Scandinavia, the region’s ever-increasing Christianization bringing it into the European cultural continuum, and the gradual politicization of the north to mirror the continent’s political structures. The Europeanizing influences on Scandinavia followed a linear development from their earliest manifestations in the Neolithic Stone Age to their culmination at the end of the Viking Age.
Origin plays an extremely vital role in determining identity. When considering the quality of an orange in a supermarket, a customer might look at where it was grown; oranges from Florida will invariably be juicier and sweeter than oranges from Wisconsin. Likewise, the origin of a population is essential to an understanding of the people. In the case of early Scandinavia, therefore, one must look at waves of immigration from the continent. An invasion of the north sometime between 2500 and 2000 B.C.E by “Indo-European nomads from the eastern Urals who spread across much of northern Europe and probably established cultural dominance” set a precedent of ‘European’ cultural dominance over Scandinavia that wo...
... middle of paper ...
...pe. Instead, one should consider the north part of the European family; the region was born into the family and grew up alongside it, learning and interacting with its proverbial siblings.
Works Cited
Nordstrom, Scandinavia Since 1500, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 2000, p. 5
Class Notes, September 9, 2011
Nordstrom, p. 4-5
Class Notes, Sep 12, 2011
Ferguson, The Vikings: A History, Penguin, London, 2009, p. 19
Sawyer, Christianization and Church Organization, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 1993, p. 101
Ferguson, p. 374
Ibid, p. 50
Ibid
Ibid, p. 56
Ibid
Ibid, p. 197-199
Ibid
Ibid, p. 380-381
Class Notes, Sep 09, 2011
Nordstrom, p. 12-13
Class Discussion, Oct 14, 2011
Ferguson, p. 374
Nordstrom, p. 12
Ferguson, p. 154
Ibid, p. 184
Ibid, p. 217
Ibid, 236-241
Ibid, 261
In this essay, the author
- Explains that scandinavia and europe shared a relationship in which each region exerted cultural, religious, and political pressures on the other. the indo-european demographical and cultural origins of scandinavia, the region’s ever-increasing christianization brought it into the european cultural continuum.
- Explains that the origin of a population is essential to an understanding of the people. in the case of early scandinavia, one must look at waves of immigration from the continent.
- Explains that the viking age was marked by a steady conversion from paganism to christianity in scandinavia.
- Explains that scandinavia and europe shared a relationship in which each region exerted cultural, religious, and political pressures on the other. the indo-european demographical and cultural origins of scandinavia, the region’s ever-increasing christianization brought it into the european cultural continuum.
- Explains that the origin of a population is essential to an understanding of the people. in the case of early scandinavia, one must look at waves of immigration from the continent.
- Explains that the viking age was marked by a steady conversion from paganism to christianity in scandinavia.
- Analyzes how european rulers provided catalysts and continued impetus for this drastic change in religion. charlemagne demonstrated a missionary impulse toward the north.
- Explains that denmark's viking king harald bluetooth developed a great tolerance for christianity after contact with the missionary archbishop poppo who ‘proved’ the dominance of the christian god.
- Explains that the gradual christianization of the nordic lands was followed by a general politicization that brought the ruling structures in the region to parallel those throughout europe.
- Analyzes how the christianization of scandinavia led to the region becoming more involved in the religious-political conflicts embroiling the continent.
- Opines that the contributions of the norse culture and the vikings on europe should not be ignored. scandinavian explorers and merchants established trade routes from the middle east to as far away as greenland.
- Opines that the contributions of the pre-modern scandinavians to europe, and the world as a whole, cannot be ignored.
- Cites nordstrom, scandinavia since 1500, university of minnesota press, minneapolis, 2000, and ferguson, the vikings: a history, penguin, london, 2009.
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- Explains that the central bank raised its key interest rate up to 15.5 percent. the krona became unpopular with international investors because of its violent fluctuations.
- Explains that the icelandic government denied any blame for the unfortunate situation. it declared hedge funds to be the cause of all evil.
- Explains that the government nationalized banks immediately to force mergers, replace top managers and set limits on their pay. the total assets of the three leading banks were ten times as large as the annual gross domestic product.
- Describes how the icelandic state took control of the third largest bank, glitnir, on the verge of bankruptcy due to lack of liquidity. a growing diplomatic row between argentina and britain broke out.
- Explains that iceland's government took control of the banking industry and wanted to turn away the threat of national bankruptcy.
- Explains that the purchase of 600 million euros was one of the first decisions announced by the icelandic government to prevent collapse. the nationalization of glitnir ensured easy banking and the safety of deposits.
- Cites bagus, philipp, and howden, david (2011). deep freeze: iceland's economic collapse, ludwig von mises institute.
- Cites einarsson, sigurdur, and mcveigh, tracy, in why iceland became the meltdown's biggest casualty.
1768 wordsRead More - Saami Research Paperexplanatory essayThrough this paper I will be describing the Saami culture which is located in parts of Northern Sweden, Norway, Finland, and the Kola Peninsula of Russia. I will be showing the history of the Saami and talking about their life as the northernmost indigenous people of Europe. I will be using the barrel model to explain the ancient times and the history of Saami people. Using this model it will explain how complex Saami culture is and looking from the outside in and discovering why they are called the Laplanders in other countries.
In this essay, the author
- Describes the saami culture, which is located in northern sweden, norway, finland, and the kola peninsula of russia.
- Explains that the saami culture is an indigenous finno-ugrie people inhabiting the artic area of sami.
- Describes the saami culture by using the barrel model. they have overcome centuries of adversity and hardship in the frozen white north.
- Describes the saami culture, which is located in northern sweden, norway, finland, and the kola peninsula of russia.
- Explains that the saami culture is an indigenous finno-ugrie people inhabiting the artic area of sami.
- Describes the saami culture by using the barrel model. they have overcome centuries of adversity and hardship in the frozen white north.
- Explains the saami culture's subsistence style living is based on semi-nomadic reindeer herding, which is legally reserved only for sami people in certain places of the nordic countries.
- Explains the saami family's households and their kinship system. the earliest division of clans was the kola peninsula and the karelin during the seventeenth century.
- Explains that sami shamanism consists of animal worship, the worship of the dead, and the belief of multiple gods.
1052 wordsRead More - The Downfall of Kinshipanalytical essayThough currently thought to be insignificant, kinship is still an important, if not the most important, part of a societies structure, though it may not be the only means of forming the structure, such as economy, politics and religion. In earlier and traditional societies, kinship was an important social institution because it would set up a persons life, regulating who would help take care of individuals, what careers they would take on, who they would marry, who would protect them, and most importantly, give them their social identity (Eriksen SPLI 100). Even in the societies where kinship if not the most important social structure, where “kinship has given way to other principles of organising politics, religion, the economy and so on, but it continues to be a crucial part of people’s identity and their webs of commitments to others” (Eriksen SPLI 100-1). In these societies, kinship is important in giving individuals social ident...
In this essay, the author
- Explains that kinship has been an integral part of explaining societies in the anthropological field. however, with the rise of western ideals, it is seen as less important for societal structure.
- Explains that kinship is an important part of a society's structure, though it may not be the only means.
- Explains that inheritance is an important part of kinship, as it gives more incentive to make these relationships, since the next generation will inherit from the previous one.
- Explains that kinship has been an integral part of explaining societies in the anthropological field. however, with the rise of western ideals, it is seen as less important for societal structure.
- Explains that kinship is an important part of a society's structure, though it may not be the only means.
- Explains that inheritance is an important part of kinship, as it gives more incentive to make these relationships, since the next generation will inherit from the previous one.
- Argues that kinship undermines the western ideals of equality through a bureaucracy.
- Argues that kinship has become less important with globalization spreading the importance of western ideals. it is viewed as not valid cross-culturally because all societies do not follow the same social structure.
- Analyzes how the association of adopted ethiopians and eritreans (aef) helps ethiopia's adopted by swedish families feel like they belong according to biological views.
- Opines that kinship is still an important part of anthropology which helped set up the social fabric of traditional societies. though it is looked down upon from a western perspective and seems to lose more of its significance due to globalization, its contributions must be recognized as one of the starting forces in creating civilization.
- Describes carsten, janet, constitutive knowlege: tracing trajectories of information in new contexts of relatedness.
- Analyzes how herzfelf, michael, and howell, singe, discuss global kinship and adoption legislation in norway and the us.
1682 wordsRead More - Scandinavia Traditions and Practicesanalytical essayScandinavia is a vast region with many musical traditions and practices. Although Scandinavian music has very traditional roots, a large amount of modern music has also come out of this region; much of which was influenced by traditional music and practices of the Scandinavian people. Firstly, It’s important to note that Scandinavia is comprised of a variety of countries: Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, and Iceland. Although these countries are in different geographical locations, they are similar in their cultures. Many of the countries in the Scandinavian region hold onto at least some of their traditional practices, and they often share common factors such as instrumentation, dancing, and vocal styles with other Scandinavian countries. Over time, most if not all of these countries have developed their traditional practices into modern ones and some have even become well known to other ethnic groups outside of Scandinavia.
In this essay, the author
- Explains iceland's traditional practices, such as the use of parallel fifths, and organum, which aren't found in other parts of scandinavia. iceland also excels in its "indie rock" scene.
- Explains that the sami people are based in many different countries throughout the scandinavian region. their music reflects this, and is different from some of the music in surrounding areas.
- Explains that sweden shares many traditions with other parts of scandinavia, including the tradition of nordic folk dance music.
- Explains iceland's traditional practices, such as the use of parallel fifths, and organum, which aren't found in other parts of scandinavia. iceland also excels in its "indie rock" scene.
- Explains that the sami people are based in many different countries throughout the scandinavian region. their music reflects this, and is different from some of the music in surrounding areas.
- Explains that sweden shares many traditions with other parts of scandinavia, including the tradition of nordic folk dance music.
- Analyzes how the new disney movie "frozen" is culturally appropriate in its setting, character design, and clothing design. the song "how to build a snowman" that recently leaked doesn't have much to do with the people and culture it is meant to portray.
- Opines that scandinavian music has a rich tradition that has made its way into modern nordic culture. bjork, roxette, abba, and movies like "frozen" will become more relevant.
- Explains that scandinavia is a vast region with many musical traditions and practices, but modern music has also come out of this region.
1348 wordsRead More - Denmark: The Homogenity Of The Danish Societyanalytical essayThe Danish society is recurrently being described as homogenous, whether that is by scholars, in the private and public sphere, or broadly in the mass media. It is indisputable that every society can to some extent be labelled as homogenous, however many see the specificity of the Danish welfare system as an important element to the promotion of this uniformity, hence creating the national feeling of “Danishness”. This notion is commonly used when Danes discuss their feeling of being Danish, and thus relates to the subjective interpretation of national identity within a specific nation, in this case, Denmark. According to Uffe Østergaard, a professor at Copenhagen Business School, Danish national identity or “danskheden (Danishness) impedes
In this essay, the author
- Explains that danish society is recurrently being described as homogenous, but many see the specificity of the danish welfare system as an important element to the promotion of this uniformity.
- Analyzes how niels krgurd defines universality as the main element of the welfare state, giving danes equal rights and establishing a common ground.
- Explains that the increasing industrialisation in the post-second world war era led denmark to allow rather free movement across its borders to non-western immigrants.
- Explains that danish society is recurrently being described as homogenous, but many see the specificity of the danish welfare system as an important element to the promotion of this uniformity.
- Analyzes how niels krgurd defines universality as the main element of the welfare state, giving danes equal rights and establishing a common ground.
- Explains that the increasing industrialisation in the post-second world war era led denmark to allow rather free movement across its borders to non-western immigrants.
- Analyzes how the media influences the debate of integration, and more so the outcome, which adds to the overall discussion within the society.
1052 wordsRead More