Salt Pollution
As awareness for pollution increases, other forms of pollution are defined. Almost everyone knows about toxic waste and carbon dioxide pollution, but not many people have heard of salt pollution. Salt pollution has been on the increase since the evolution of the automobile. With more pressure on government agencies to keep the highway clear and safe, an increase in the use of salt has developed. It is important to understand why salt is used and how it work as well as the environmental effects to understand the salt pollution problem. Salt is a necessary and accepted part of the winter environment. It provides safety and mobility for motorists, commercial vehicles and emergency vehicles. Salt is used as the principal deicer because it is the most available and cost-effective deicer. Rock salt is preferred because it is cheap and effective. It costs 20 dollars a ton where as an alternative like calcium magnesium cost around 700 dollars a ton. Some 10 million tons of deicing salt is used each year in the U.S. and about 3 million in Canada.
Salt is used to keep snow and ice from bonding to the pavement and to allow snowplows to remove. When salt is applied to ice and snow it creates a brine that has a lower freezing temperature than the surrounding ice or snow.
Salt is the ideal deicing material because it is:
•the least expensive deicer
•easy to spread
•easy to store and handle
•readily available
•non-toxic
•harmless to skin and clothing
Salt pollution is broken into two main groups. Water, which includes the effects on ground water, surface water and aquatic life and land.
Most of the salt applied to the roadways eventually ends up in the ground water. It is estimated that 30% to 50% of the salt used travels into the ground water. Salt effect two areas of ground water, chloride concentration and sodium concentration. Chlorides may be present in the form of sodium chloride crystals or as a ion in a solution. Normal concentrations in the water are average around 10 mg/litre. Concentrations found in ground water near major highways have been recorded as high as 250 mg/litre which is around the threshold of taste.
The main factor with ground water pollution is the risk to human health.
The raised level in sodium in water can cause high blood pressure and hypertension. With people who already suffer from these problem it is necessary to keep their salt intake relatively low, they should not drink water above 20 mg/liter. Although this is recommended, a study of private well water in
Toronto showed that half the wells exceeded this limit, twenty percent exceeded
The Kettleby till is considered to be younger than the main till in the area because it may have been deposited by ice contact stratified drift. Ice contact stratified drift is normally deposited by meltwater in contact and or in close proximity to the ice sheet. Stratification and some sorting do takes place.
(Na+ and CL-) do not react to form a salt until the Water is formed
I found that there is always unintended events or problems that occur because of salt. For example, if the Egyptians did not depend on salt for mummification, would they still be as obsessed to own a large load of it? Also, if the church had not restricted meat, would the need for salt be forgot instead of advertised to the world? Salt: A World History is very bias based on the fact that the author believes salt is one of the greatest things to happen. Kurlansky repeatedly reminds the reader that without salt, certain wars or cuisines would never come to
Common salt is necessary in everyday lives because it carries vital substances. It also has many uses, but is found to be used in food only one percent of the time (McGrath and Travers, 1999). It is used to clear ice and snow off of roads, during the production of chlorine, in livestock feeding, to preserve foods, and to improve the taste of some foods. (Aasen, et Al 1999).
Before ice could be preserved in refrigerators, keeping ice cold was a major problem. Back in this time there wasn't good enough technology to refrigerate good enough. Before the invention of refrigerators the only way to cool objects was an insulated box filled with ice. During the time the insulated box was around it only worked for a short time.Although the insulated box also required lots of ice it cooled things very good. Ice was hard to be obtained in summer so it made it even harder to cool things(Burton 52). Before the 1830s it was not possible to manufacture ice.Before the 1830s ice had to be gathered in the winter. The ice that was gathered was stored until summer and then sold for profit. William Cotton saw an opportunity to organize a company and he did.(Burton 52) John Custer became William Cotton’s partner in 1840 in the ice business. To produce ice they made a dam for ice production in the winter. The dam had problems and collapsed which was a big problem(Burton 52). Custer abandoned Mr. Cotton in 1875. Custer left cotton all on his own. John Beard helped Custer build a dam and got partnership of the company as a reward. In 1905 Beard was basically running the whole company. Then in 1905 the companies name was changed to Beard Ice company( Burton 52). Beard now had a slogan. The slog...
The southern parts of Canada rely on water that rivers such as The Bow, Red Deer, and Northern Saskatchewan provided to many sectors of society. The water budget for these particular rivers are based from mountain headwaters; therefore, runoff and snowmelt are vital with respect to preservation among these rivers (Prowse and Conly, 1998). A study conducted in 1951-1993 Hopkinson and Young (1998) concluded ice erosion, not including snow melt, contributed to 1.8% of emission into the Bow River. These results were based on examining volume fluctuations in an upstream lake. Although this sum seems extraneous the benefaction is indispensable. Due to climatic temperature changes, glacier area has decreased and as a result, the Bow River is not receiving
Salt is made up of sodium and chlorine and it is a natural occurrence on our planet, it can be found and harvested mainly from the seas, oceans or salt lakes. However salt can also be mined from within the earth from dried up underground seas, normally it’s only used as road salt (maldonsalt). The product salt has multiple functions, Salt is used to preserve foods and also to flavor foods, salt can also be used as a stabilizer in water and rock salt is used to melt ice during the winter (Freeman, 2007).
Reduce the intake of salt and bring a change in your health. The high content of sodium increases the blood pressure in the body and is the root cause of several diseases. You can opt for low sodium content salt and protect your body from diseases.
them go get some ice cream. The way they are able to go get the ice
Fluid consists of 8 million liters of water, 200 liters of chemicals and several thousand tons of sand.
Prowell, B. D., & Franklin, A. G. (1995). Evaluation of cold mixes for winter pothole repair. Charlottesville, Va.: Virginia Transportation Research Council.
with mud. The next day the white snow melts and only the mud is still there. This
Efforts to improve the standard of living for humans--through the control of nature and the development of new products--have also resulted in the pollution, or contamination, of the environment. Much of the world's air, water, and land is now partially poisoned by chemical wastes. Some places have become uninhabitable. This pollution exposes people all around the globe to new risks from disease. Many species of plants and animals have become endangered or are now extinct. As a result of these developments, governments have passed laws to limit or reverse the threat of environmental pollution.