The aim of the present study was to determine the presence of salmonella spp in the poultry, eggs as well as in the environment of the slaughter houses of the district Mansehra. Also in milks available in the dairy shops and homes. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study in district Mansehra to hold this issue.
Foods such as milk and poultry have a wide use and hence they act as a source of transmission of diseases especially salmonella to individuals
Salmonella in poultry
According to our research plan to detect salmonella in poultry and poultry products three types of samples were collected
1) Environmental swab: it was taken from the place or the cages where the slaughters keeps the chickens which have to be slaughtered. Food and water are provided to them here and hence the chickens also excrete feaces here.
2) Intestinal sample: it was taken from the freshly slaughtered chicken to know the salmonella contamination of the intestine which may act as a source of contamination of the environment and other healthy chickens.
3) Chest sample: it was taken from the freshly slaughtered chickens to know the level of infection of particular chicken.
All the three samples have a close relationship with each other. If environment is contaminated it acts as source of the infection for the healthy chickens. And if the chickens are infected (either their infection is at initial stage means salmonella is present only in intestine or at later stage mean it is spreaded to the whole body) they also contaminate the environment.
It has been reported that salmonella can survive in dust of the poultry houses for at least 53 weeks (Wray, 1996). And up to 26 months in the thin layers of the clutter, desiccated feaces and feedstuffs (Davi...
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...cle of salmonella transmission to the consumers of the milk. Furthermore the study showed that the dairy milk have more chances of contamination during the transportation to the dairy shops, processing and handling in the dairy shops. And that’s the reason the contamination chances are twice for dairy milk as compared to the house milks.
Different researchers have analyzed the raw milk samples in different locations and countries of the world and have reported different data about the contamination of the milk.
Our result have demonstrated a different data from that reported by (Karns JS, 2005) which is 11.8%, 2.6% and 0.0% reported by (Van Kessel JS, 2004) and Mhone et al. (2012).
The differences in the emergences and occurrences of salmonella spp. In different areas is due to the hygiene of the particular area, the way of the handling and processing of the milk
Reducing the risk of salmonellosis from these farms would include food safety practices such as: washing eggs and hands thoroughly, making sure that the farm is kept in good condition, feeding the chickens good food, and using fresh water
Many children around the world , especially in third world countries suffer many bacterial infection of the gastrointestinal system as a result of lack of awareness and the spread of the disease in the less attention to hygiene and the environment . In order to explain this word gastrointestinal tract infection , especially the stomach and intestines , it can result from infection by bacteria or virus or other parasites (1) . Some of the causes of inflammation as a result of eating food poisoning , especially meat and eggs . However , some symptoms of severe cases are headache , nausea , vomiting , general weakness , diarrhea and pain , the illness begins suddenly with high fever , vomiting , abdominal pain and stool liquid to water that may contain some blood and mucus . The result of drought through loss of fluids and salts and lead an alliance with the poisoning to the collapse of the circulatory system in diseases such as cholera (2) . It must be conducted in diagnosing bacterial to find the source of infection because it causes illness and death of millions in the third world and in particularly children as mentioned . In this report will refer to the most common types of bacteria cause gastrointestinal tract infection for example , Shigella , Salmonella , Vibrio and Campylobacter (3) . First of all , Shigella is gram negative , nonmotile , non lactose fermenting and H2S production . There are four important species , S. sonnei , S. flexneri , S. boydii and S. dysenteriae is the most serious . Next is Salmonella which is gram negative as well , non lactose fermenting and production H2S . These species are S. typhi and S. paratyphi found in humans and animals . Finally , Campylobacter is gram negati...
During the investigation, seven test were used to determine the unknown bacterium as Salmonella typhimurium. “Salmonella typhimurium is a genus of gram-negative, non-lactose fermenting, medium-sized, rod-shaped, bacteria, members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, most species having flagella and pili” (medical-dictionary). This bacterium is known for causing food poisoning. This illnesses usually last 4-7 days. Treatments for the illnesses caused by this bacterium are dependent upon the severity of the symptoms, the age of the patient, and the comorbidities.
still a factor that continuously infects humans. In Foodborne Diseases, it says that “They [Salmonell...
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