Salinity Changes
I chose to experiment with the effects of salinity changes on the polychaete, Nereis succinea. Along with the other members of the group, Patty and Jeremy, I was curious to see whether the worms would engage in adaptive behavior when placed in a tank of water of foreign salinity, or whether they would simply continue changing osmotically until they reached equilibrium with the environment.
The first step in our experiment was to simply observe the worms and get a "feel" for the ways in which they act. We did this on Wednesday, May 7, 1997 from 9:30am to 10:30am. Also on this day we learned how to mix and measure salinity, practiced weighing the worms, and deciding our exact schedule as far as when we would come in and for how long, etc.
From what I observed, the polychaete is a salt-water worm that has adapted to live in estuaries. We kept the control tank at 20 parts per thousand to 24 parts per thousand, and the worms seemed very content and healthy at that level. The worms on which we experimented ranged in size from approximately four inches to approximately six inches. They weighed from 1.8 grams to 4.6 grams at the beginning of the experiment. They have a pinkish, almost salmon color to them, and on two opposite sides, they have these crimson hairs lined up in a row, stretching the entire length of their bodies (the hairs are less than an eighth of an inch long). If we were to call the two lines of hair "east and west", then on the "north and south" sides, there were dark lines that also stretched the entire length of their bodies. These were their primary blood vessels, and though we tried to locate the pulse that is supposed to conspicuously travel up and down this vessel, we were not able to locate it, except once on one worm for less than 30 seconds. Also I often was not able to tell the difference between the head and the tail.
Their actions were very basic. They seemed to like to stay still for the most part, hiding underneath the little bit of seaweed we put in the tank. We also put a glass tube at the bottom of the tank, thinking that they might try to crawl in there for safety, but we never saw them in there.
Because of its size and abundance, T. californicus is commonly regarded as the insect of the sea. This creature is generally very small, from 1-3 mm in size as adults. They are cylindrically shaped, and have a segmented body (head, thorax, abdomen) though no noticeable division between body regions (Powlik 1966). Each segment of the body has a pair of legs. They use their 'legs' to propel themselves through the water in short rapid jerks. They have 2 pairs of long feathered antennae, a chitin us exoskeleton and a single eye in the middle of their head, this simple eye can only differentiate between light and dark.
On the container, the researchers wrote down their first initial, last name and lab section. The researchers then poured spring water into the cylindrical container about halfway and then set it aside. Next, the researchers transferred the Planarian using a small plastic pipette into an empty petri dish filled with just enough water for the Planarian to swim around freely. After the successful transfer into the petri dish The researchers then measured how long the Planarian was using the unit millimeters.
to get an idea of how I would do my real experiment and what apparatus
Oxygen breathing lungs are a universal trait of class reptilia. As such, it would have been necessary for the Plesiosauroid - a marine reptile, to return to the ocean surface to inhale air. Oxygen expenditure in reptiles is proportional to strenuosity of locomotion (Frappell, Schultz & Christian, 2002). Therefore the Plesiosauroid must have held physiological traits that enabled the species to avoid oxygen deficit while hunting deep-sea dwelling prey. This essay will outline the hypothesised respiratory, circulatory, pulmonary and sensory attributes of the Plesiosauroid as they relate to diving. These hypotheses will be supported by investigating the physiological adaptations of the Plesiosaur’s biological analogues, and the prospect of similar adaptations in the former will be speculated upon.
The procedures for this experiment are those that are referred to in Duncan and Townsend, 1996 p9-7. In our experiment however, each student group chose a temperature of either 5 C, 10 C, 15 C, or 20 C. Each group selected a crayfish, and placed it in an erlenmeyer flask filled with distilled water. The flask’s O2 levels had already been measured. the flask was then placed in a water bath of the selected temperature for thirty minutes, and then the O2 levels were measured again.
The outer tentacles probe for a potential meal, then the inner sensors decide if the prey is edible. They are covered in thick, blackish-brown, water-repellent fur, and have large scaled feet and a long, thick tail. This animal is by far one of the most interesting animals in the world, despite looking like a cross between a rat and an octopus. The way it behaves and utilizes its star nose is fascinating and makes it very unique when compared to other animals.
...ost completely degraded. Some dive deep into the water, like a lionfish, bream, viviparous fishes of the family Scorpaenidae and Lake Baikal in some species can dive to 1000 ~ 4000 meters deep, some often floating in the upper, such as six line fish, and Lake Baikal fishes of the family. The fishes swimming are relatively slow, often hidden, not activities or bury the body in the sand, and the type of six line fish families peace Marmora subfamily is good at swimming. The benthic invertebrates and small swimming creatures for food, Scorpaena peeling phenomenon of periodic feeding, more intense, more times, peeling, sometimes even 1 months dulling 2 times. The reproductive season in spring and early summer, six line fish, and some cottidae in the autumn or early winter reproductive, lion fish, fish and Lake Baikal, some species in late winter or early spring spawning.
Planning Firstly here is a list of equipment I used. Boiling tubes Weighing scales Knife Paper towels 100% solution 0% solution (distilled water) measuring beakers potato chips Cork borer. We planned to start our experiment by doing some preliminary work. We planned to set up our experiment in the following way.
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML): CML affects myeloid cells and usually grows slowly at first. More common in older people.
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL): is a type of blood cancer that begins in the bone marrow. Depending on the patients and progress of the cancer, it will either grow...
The purpose of this lab was to study the response of the genus Daphnia to chemical stimuli and to examine human responses to different stimuli. A stimulus is an incentive; it is the cause of a physical response. Stimuli can have a physical or chemical change; an example of a physical change is a change in temperature and sound. An example of chemical change would be changes in hormone levels and pH levels. Muscular activity or glandular secretions are responses that occurs when stimulus information effects the nervous and/or hormone system. Daphnia is a genus; it is a small crustacean that lives in fresh water. The body of the daphnia is visible and its internal organs are clearly seen thus it was chosen for this exercise. The
• You need to know that fish has senses. They can hear, taste, see, and smell. They have lateral line which helps them to detect movement in water. When they are in danger, they can run away. You will really have to watch your movements because you do not want to go away with empty hands.
I chose to do this parasite due to my initial interest in seeing the removal of one of these worms. Seeing a live tape worm being drawn out of a body slowly is incredible fascinating. It is also a very tense situation because if the worm rips it can exponentially complicate the procedure and may even lead to death. This method is no longer used however and people simply take medication and the worm can then pass through their system. Although even today rural
Other threats may include oil and gas development, and environmental contaminants, and over hunting (Center for Biological Diversity, 2013). As previously mentioned, polar bears are dependent on the Arctic ice to sleep, mate and eat. Because of the melting ice, polar bears are travelling longer distances to stay with the rapidly dissolving ice. Sometimes, the bears simply stay on land relying on fat stores until it is safe to go back onto the ice once it refreezes. However, this runs the risk of starvation as traditional prey are found in the ocean and not on land. As mentioned before, one of the two threats to polar bears are other polar bears as male bears may prey on cubs in times of starvation. Moreover, as the ice melts, humans take that as a signal that a new ocean has risen and thus there is an opportunity of industrial development. Such development can include petroleum exploration – however, a single oil spill in the Arctic would prove detrimental for not only polar bears but the entire ecosystem below them. As these “new oceans” arise, there has been more human movement and shipping around the Arctic. These ships both disturb the polar bears and also run the risk of environmental contamination. Finally, there are reports of about “800 polar bears killed every year by hunters, mostly in the Canadian Arctic” (Center for Biological