Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Technology and its impact on business
Technology and its impact on business
The impact of technology on business
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Technology and its impact on business
Safety of Online Shopping Through Mathematics
The easy and convenient way of shopping from the Internet attracts customers from all over the world to shop on-line. Anyone can browse the millions of websites, like Amazon.com and Ebay.com, that sell a variety of items or hold on-line auctions, as long as they have Internet access. Most big chain stores in the United States have on-line stores that sell the items they have in the stores for the convenience of lazy shoppers. However, there are risks that shopper should consider before they decide to buy from a site. Aside from the quality of the item, they have to worry about the safety of the money transition on the web. Most sites accept credit cards as a method of payment. However, how can we be sure that giving out our credit card numbers over the Internet is safe? What if someone intercepts the transaction and steals our numbers? Can we trust the Internet?
People have been working with coding words and numbers to send secret messages or to keep information private for a very long time. For example, about two thousand years ago, Julius Caesar encrypted the alphabet, called the Caesar Cipher, to send messages. So that even if his enemies intercepted the messages, they wouldn’t be able to read them. However, his simple encryption wasn’t effective because it was easy to decipher; therefore mathematicians and other scholars work hard to find other complicated encryptions. Early methods of cryptography, the study of encryption, used symmetrical key cipher, a technique which two people who want to send messages to each other privately have to exchange a key beforehand; however it created great difficulties and inconvenience to the users. To solve the problem of exchanging keys, th...
... middle of paper ...
...g RSA Encryption In Openssl. Lubow, Eric. 25 Sep, 2003. Linux Security.com. 25 July, 2005.
Flannery, Sarah with Flannery, David. In Code: A mathematical Journey. Chapel Hill: Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill, 2001.
The Mathematical Guts of RSA Encryption. Litterio, Francis. The WWW Virtual Library. 25 July, 2005.
Public Key Cryptography (PKC) History. The Living Internet site. 27 July, 2005.
“Public Key Cryptography”: How is Your Credit Card Number Encrypted Online?. 30 Nov, 2000. Bowdoin College. 27 July, 2005.
Singh, Simon. The Code Book: The Science of Secrecy from Ancient Egypt to Quantum Cryptography. New York: Anchor, 2000.
RSA encryption is the foundation of public key cryptography security products. For example, credit card companies use the RSA algorithm for customers’ individual online WebPages. The credit card companies publish a big number on WebPages, which is made by big prime numbers using the RSA algorithm. Since neither computers nor people can factor such big numbers, the RSA encryption system has secured many customers’ information.
“The ability to send and receive codes without the risk of the enemy deciphering the transmission was the most desirable end result of military secrecy.” (Jevec, Adam; Potter, Lee Ann) In political campaigns and debates, propaganda and posters may conceal information to the benefit of the requested party, but is not imperative to success. Conversely, military confidentiality is vital to victory. This immutable requirement for success is mutual between opposing forces where techniques and processes are introduced and discarded in a strenuous need to out-perform the combatant. Those who unveil the enemy’s plan know the enemy, and that one-way resonance is of extreme detriment to whoever it is inflicted upon; this will likely lead to a temporary loss or even the eventual failure of an army. There is no wonder that coders spent hours upon hours decrypting messag...
... insights organization GCHQ, depicted a comparable framework in an interior archive in 1973, yet given the moderately costly machines required to execute it at the time, it was basically viewed as an anomaly and, the extent that is openly known, was never conveyed. His finding, nonetheless, was not uncovered until 1998 because of its top-mystery order, and Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman concocted RSA autonomously of Cocks' work.
Digital Privacy." http://rescomp.stanford.edu/~pweston/privacy.html. December 1995. Froomkin, A. Michael. "The Metaphor is the Key: Cryptography, The Clipper Chip, and the Constitution."
James Sanborn once made the statement, “What affected me most profoundly was the realization that the sciences of cryptography and mathematics are very elegant, pure sciences. I found that the ends for which these pure sciences are used are less elegant.” Sanborn’s comment couldn’t be more true; during World War II cryptography was used by both the Allies and the Germans for sending secret messages back and forth. This is when the elegant science created not very elegant machines, such as: Enigma, Lorenz Cipher, and Japanese “Purple”. This drastic advancement in cryptanalysis changed the way that mathematicians and scientists viewed cryptosystems.
My knowledge has grown over the past six years, outwith the areas of learning offered by school courses, and I see this course as an opportunity to gain new skills and broaden my knowledge further. My main interests are varied, including communications and the internet, system analysis and design, software development, processors and low level machine studies. I have recently developed an interest in data encryption, hence my active participation in the RSA RC64 Secret-Key challenge, the latest international de-encryption contest from the RSA laboratories of America.
The easiest way to check this is to ensure that the site or sites are verified by TRUSTe or other reputable personal credit and identity management service. Verified sites often have a privacy seal at the bottom of the secure page. It is also recommended that you check that the page’s payment url is secured and starts with “https://” not plain “http://”. When shopping at a physical store, keep a close watch of your credit or debit card, as a thumb rule, never let the card out of your
One of the largest parts of commerce is transaction. Transactions are needed anytime two parties exchange money or information. Since the Information Age has begun, transactions are more common over the Internet, where it is more imperative that transactions are secure (Klein x). Corporations have also become more widespread, which means that cryptography is needed to secu...
The internet allows people to communicate sensitive information, and if received in the wrong hands can cause many problems for that person. Cryptography is the study or science of techniques of secret writing and message hiding. Cryptography constitutes any method in which someone attempts to hide a message, or the meaning, in some medium. One specific element of cryptography is encryption, which hides the data or information by transforming it into undecipherable code. Encryption uses a specified key to perform the data transformation.
From PayPal to Debit cards, from EFT to Credit cards, this modern world has been inundated with new ways of making business transactions. Instead of the conventional use of dollars and nickels, now there are electronic payment systems. These types of systems allow for better trust and acceptance between consumer and businesses. In the traditional way of buying a product, one would see a product in person, and pay for it with cash or credit. In e-commerce, the business uploads images of its products online and it enables its customers to shop it using any type of electronic payment system.
“In the early years of World War II,” (Sales), the airways in Poland were flooded with coded messages that created confusion with the “cryptanalyst working in the cipher bureau” (Maziakowski). Over a several years over Poland received thousands of messages but still hadn’t any luck.
In such a cryptosystem, the encryption key is public and the decryption key is kept secret. In RSA, this asymmetry is based on the practical difficulty of factoring the product of two large prime numbers, the factoring problem. RSA is the abbrevation for Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir and Leonard Adleman, who first described the algorithm in 1977. Clifford Cocks, an English mathematician, had developed an equivalent system in 1973, but it was not declassified until 1997.
In this era when the Internet provides essential communication between tens of millions of people and is being increasingly used as a tool for security becomes a tremendously important issue to deal with, So it is important to deal with it. There are many aspects to security and many applications, ranging from secure commerce and payments to private communications and protecting passwords. One essential aspect for secure communications is that of cryptography. But it is important to note that while cryptography is necessary for secure communications, it is not by itself sufficient. Cryptography is the science of writing in secret code and is an ancient art; In the old age people use to send encoded message which can be understand by the receiver only who know the symbolic and relative meaning of that encoded message .The first documented use of cryptography in writing dates back to circa 1900 B.C. Egyptian scribe used non-standard hieroglyphs in an inscription. After writing was invented cryptography appeared spontaneously with applications ranging from diplomatic missives to war-time battle plans. It is no surprise, then, that new forms of cryptography came soon after the widespread development of computer communications. In telecommunications and data cryptography is necessary when communicating in any untrusted medium, which includes any network, particularly the Internet [1].Within the context of any application-to-application communication, there are some security requirements, including:
In the case of Asia, the survey reported 77.6% of Internet users had online shopping experiences in 2003 (as cited in To, Liao & Lin, 2007). Online shopping is very different from traditional shopping. Consumers cannot touch and check the product before purchasing it, which means they are at a higher risk of fraud than traditional shoppers. Consumers also have other concerns, such as credit card security and online shopping. Then questions should be raised: what are the advantages of online shopping?
Symantec 2013, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL): How It Works, Symantec, viewed 15 May 2013, .