1 INTRODUCTION: The world’s Renewable sources growing up recently and photovoltaic (PV) market will grow up to 30 GW by 2014, due to the following policy-driven scenario [1]; the role of grid-connected PV systems in distribution energy systems will become important, and the PV inverter will also play a unique role in this growing market. To obtain higher dc-link a String-type inverters use series connections with numerous modules to the main electricity through a dc-ac inverter [2], [4]. The single-ended primary inductance converter (SEPIC) having non- inverting output voltage [15][16]. Although the boost converter usually has higher efficiency than the SEPIC, nonetheless, it is only applicable for cases where the battery voltage is higher than the PV module voltage. The SEPIC’s buck boost features extends the applicable PV voltage and thus increases the adopted PV module flexibility. The comparison of various buck–b4250 boost converters from voltage gain and efficiency and cost. It is shown in Table.1 Among these converters, although the SEPIC is not the best from the views of efficiency and cost, it still has the merits of no inverting polarity, user free-to-drive switch, and low input-current pulsating for high-precise MPPT that makes its integral characteristics suitable for the low-power PV charger system. This paper will investigate the SEPIC with the PV module input and zeta converter with PV module input. Switched z source inverter interface with SEPIC and Zeta converters. Zeta converter provides either a step-up or a step-down function to the output, in a manner similar to that of the buck-boost or SEPIC converter topologies. The conventional Zeta converter is configured of two inductors, a series capacitor and a diode. ... ... middle of paper ... ...ing N1 and secondary winding N2. To simplify the circuit analysis of the proposed converter, the following assumptions are made. 1) All components are important, except for the leakage inductance of coupled inductor T1.The ON-state resistance RDS(ON) and all parasitic capacitances of the main switch S1 are neglected, as are the forward voltage drops of the diodes D1 ∼ D3. 2) The capacitors C1 ∼ C3 are sufficiently large that the voltages across them are considered to be constant.3) The ESR of capacitors C1 ∼ C3 and the parasitic resistance of coupled-inductor T1 are neglected. 4) The turn’s ratio n of the coupled inductor T1 winding is equal to N2/N1. The operating principles for continuous-conduction mode(CCM) are now presented in detail. The typical waveform of several major components during one switching period. The five operating modes are described as follows.
Using MATLAB /SIMULINK software model of single-ended primary inductance converter (SEPIC) with magnetic coupling modeled and simulated. The parameters for preferred converter with magnetic coupling are shown in
With the growing cost of fuel for cars and the rolling blackouts of last summer, the need for an alternative, cost-effective, environment friendly energy source is escalating. Many possible solutions have been presented, such as nuclear power, wind power, and hydrogen fuel cells; prevalent among these is solar power.
[5] A. Mohammed.”AC Power vs DC Power – The Basics” (2011, March 06). [Online]. Available: http://peguru.com/2011/03/ac-dc-power/
In the case of high step-down and high frequency applications the conventional interleaved buck converter suffers from the disadvantage of low on-time. Thus, the IBC operates with lower efficiency when operated at higher switching frequency. The voltage conversion ratio of the conventional IBC and buck converter is equal to the duty ratio D whereas the
[9] Y. Deng,Q. Rong, W. Li, Y. Zhao, J. Shi and X. He, “Single-Switch High Step-Up Converters With Built-In Transformer Voltage Multiplier Cell” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 27, no. 8, pp. 3557- 3567, Aug. 2012.
Solar Photovoltaic power is one of the rapid growing energy sources in the world. The need for energy security and stability is driving governments across the world to promote and develop renewable power sources. The global solar Photovoltaic market witnessed high growth in 2009 and 2010, with 24,600 MW of installed capacity coming online in these two years compared to the 8,912 MW installed in 2007 and 2008. Cumulative installed capacity increased from 16,127 MW in 2008 to 40,727 MW in 2010. Europe is the leading solar PV market, with a share of 76% of the total cumulative installed capacity, followed by the Asia-Pacific region, accounting for a share of 16.0% in 2010.
Nowadays, coupled inductor interleaved boost converter is used in most of the photovoltaic application, electric vehicles, power factor correction. Here input and output current ripple is a major problem in dc-dc converter. The input current ripple of the dc-dc converter is inversely proportional to input inductor current value. So the larger inductor value results in low ripple, on other increasing the inductor value the total weight of the converter gets increased. The proposed converter aims that without increasing the inductor value the ripple should be reduced. So that interleaving of the converter technique is used. By using interleaving technique the ripple is reduced but the weight of the converter is not reduced. So that the new technique called coupled inductor interleaved boost converter technique is used. Here the ripple is reduced than interleaving technique and the weight of the converter is reduced since the core is shared, and inductor was coiled in single core. However, the leakage inductanc...
The unsustainable nature of fossil fuels as an energy source, from the point of view of future availability and environmental impact, has spurred an interest in diversification of energy sources, with particular interest in renewable energy. The photovoltaic (PV) industry is a player...
[8] M. Carmo, T. Roepke, C. Roth, A.M. dos Santos, J.G.R. Poco, M. Linardi, J. Power Sources 191 (2009) 330−337.
The dc power input to the inverter is obtained from an existing power supply network or from a rotating alternator through a rectifier or a battery, fuel cell, photovoltaic array or magneto hydrodynamic generator. The filter capacitor across the input terminals of the inverter provides a constant dc link voltage. The inverter therefore is an adjustable-frequency voltage source. The configuration of ac to dc converter and dc to ac inverter is called a dc-link converter. Inverters can be broadly classified into two types, voltage source and current source
These inverters operate coupled to the electrical distribution network and therefore must be able to produce almost perfect sinusoidal voltages and currents.
High performance MPPT includes pulse width modulation (PWM) used in large scale PV module, whereas low performance MPPT includes pulse frequency modulation (PFM) used in small scale PV module. PFM is used instead of PWM to attain better efficiency at low power levels. PWM continuously activate the switches of the converter at a fixed frequency whereas PFM adjusts the switching activity of the available power. Higher ripple current can be produced for the frequency modulation which reduces the efficiency. To reduce this problem current limiter is used for higher switching frequency.
Recent developments in power electronics [11], [12], [14] and semiconductor technology have lead improvements in power electronic systems. Hence, different circuit configurations namely multilevel inverters [15-17] have become popular and considerable interest by researcher are given on them. A static semiconductor inverter circuit performs electrical energy inverting transformation.
This section will discuss a comprehensive discussion regarding the modes of operation of the boost type converter, and the effect on overall converter performance as well.
Storage of electrical energy is very important in many applications especially electrical appliances which require mobility or short burst of energy over a short duration of time. There had been many technologies developed to emulate characteristics of an ideal power supply which can store large amounts of energy, providing good power output as well as being able to be charged and discharged rapidly without deterioration of any type. A typical power storage device can be characterized by its power density and its energy density, noting that with our current technology, none which can achieve the best of both.