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Breach in contract case study
Breach in contract case study
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SCO vs. IBM
Abstract
On March 6, 2003, The SCO Group filed a $1 billion lawsuit [1] against IBM. The lawsuit alleges, among other things, that IBM has violated contractual obligations it has with SCO by incorporating parts of AIX (IBM’s UNIX derived operating system) into Linux – the open source version of UNIX. The lawsuit has not gone to court and, when it finally does, may take upwards of a year to settle. Nevertheless, a preliminary look is worthwhile. Since the time of the initial filing, the rhetoric has escalated and it has become clear that the ramifications of the suit are much broader than just IBM vs. SCO. SCO’s claims, should they be proven, would not only have a major impact on Linux, but could also claim other casualties – chief among them the Open Source movement. After some introductory material, this paper examines the potential effects and provides an ethical evaluation. If one assumes that SCO’s claims are valid, Linux is in serious trouble, and a black-eye will be placed on the face of the Open Source community that will not quickly heal. But, even if SCO prevails, it’s far from clear that they’ve “done the right thing”…
Introduction
On March 6, 2003, The SCO Group filed a $1 billion lawsuit against IBM. Central to the lawsuit is the claim that IBM has violated contractual obligations it has with SCO by releasing into the public domain AIX source code as part of enhancements the company has made to the Linux operating system. Why does SCO care? Because SCO claims to hold the copyright to the UNIX operating system [2]. AIX is a derivative of UNIX – not only is UNIX source code used as the basis for AIX but IBM (and a host of other UNIX vendors) readily admits this and pays licensing feeds to SCO. Linux, on the other hand, is open source. Its source code is freely available for usage, viewing and modification. SCO’s claim is simple – IBM is illegally distributing its intellectual property by placing it into Linux and thereby diluting the value of UNIX.
Over the last few months, there have been a number of key developments that are beyond SCO and IBM’s current spat. Of particular interest:
SCO stopped releasing its Linux distribution – asserting that the Linux is derived from code that is copyrighted by SCO [3].
The notion that software should be free is one that is highly critiqued within the technology industry. Free, as in the idea that users can obtain the source code for any given program, and modify and redistribute it as they like. Currently most all software produced is proprietary in nature. Corporations pay developers to create proprietary software that they then obstruct (so that no modifications can be made), and sell (to turn a profit). Richard Stallman has been fighting the idea of proprietary software, and specifically software ownership, for decades. Stallman holds the stance that software ownership is a detriment to society, and stifles innovation, education, and social cohesion.
I was very interested in computers and technology as a child, both playing games and building fake parts for them. Still in elementary school, I was fascinated by these computing machines, spending hours on end working with DOS to satisfy my curiosity. Around my middle school years, Windows became graphical, and I found interest in even more computer games with even greater experiences and capabilities. Windows was the dominant operating system at the time, but I was soon to find there was a whole different world out there of operating systems. While out on vacation in Washington, DC, my Dad and I were able to meet with the local Tech Fanatics group, HackDC. It was here where I discovered Linux. Linux, an alternative to Windows, immediately grabbed my attention when I saw it in use. It appeared to me as something that only the extreme computer users even heard of. Upon my return home,
The purpose of this document is to compare and contrast three different Linux vendors in regards to their specific server and workstation OS products they offer in the workplace. In addition, I will discuss the price for each vendor, specifications, performance, and reliability. The three vendors I would like to discuss are Arch Linux, Red Hat Enterprise, and Ubuntu. Linux is an operating system that has several distros to choose from. Linux allows the user more control of the system and greater flexibility. As an open operating system, Linux is developed collaboratively, meaning no one company is solely responsible for its development or ongoing support. Companies participating in the Linux economy share research and development costs with
Being a military veteran can have both positive and negative effects on one’s ability to maintain a job and socialize with other people. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is usually a problem with soldiers coming back from war, although after a veteran recovers from it, it creates great job opportunities. Business leaders recognize how useful a military veteran is in the work force. Veterans tend to show great responsibility, leadership, and team work which make them the ideal employee for many jobs.
Prior to war and the passage of the GI Bill the average American could only dream about college and owning a home. Designed to be used for college, technical or vocational courses, apprenticeship/on-the-job ship/on-the-job training, certificate programs, flight training and correspondence courses and home loan guaranty, the GI Bill has been credited with establishing the foundation of today’s middle class. By 1984, when the GI Bill was revamped, 7.8 World War II Veterans had participated in education or vocational training programs. The updated program became known as the Montgomery GI Bill (MGIB), after former Mississippi Congressman Gillespie V. “Sonny” Montgomery. His goal was to continue education programs and the VA home loan guaranty for the latest as well as, future generations ...
This year, the United States is set to end over a decade of continuous combat operations in Afghanistan as well as reduce the size of the military in an effort to restrain the growing deficit of the federal government. While some welcome these actions, they will have a significant effect on the men and women of the armed forces. Since the military is now focused on returning to a peacetime posture and cutting personnel, more veterans will be entering the civilian market. These men and women, who come from all walks of American life, will have had vastly different experiences than their civilian counterparts. These veterans will have spent their formative years in a wartime military and while they have so much to offer society, often, their service and they as individuals are stereotyped with unflattering characteristics by civilian managers, which has a negative impact during their post-military search for employment. Some civilians see them as uneducated and suffering from a host of mental problems related to their service. This problem is not only relevant for recent veterans but for all of those who have volunteered to serve in the military. Veteran unemployment is a serious problem for the United States. Those who choose to serve in the military should not be negatively impacted in the civilian marketplace as a result of their sacrifice.
...nderstanding the needs of the student population and knowing when veteran students start to fall behind can help get additional services to these veteran students.
The Industrial Revolution during 1760 to 1820 in Great Britain was a burgeoning period. The revolution brought massive benefits and changes on socioeconomic and cultural conditions. Firstly, it pushed the development of socioeconomic, and also released a great amount of working opportunity. At second his extraordinary change made the communication and transportation more efficient. Lastly, this revolution it made the production of agriculture boost, and fewer workers were needed in farm work. The Great Britain Industrial Revolution assisted the growth of agriculture, communication, transportation and socioeconomic.
The industrial revolution impacted daily life, politics, and gender relations. During the industrial revolution, humanity had turned to machines for production instead of people because they where able to produce things more quickly and efficiently. The three main concentration areas in the industrial revolution were transportation, industry, and market. During the nineteenth century, the United States were the industrializing nation because of the outcome of the War of 1812. Therefore, America needed to improve its infrastructure. The industrializing nations were India, China, and Brazil. They were going through it while the lowest life expectancy nation, central Africa, was non-industrialized. England started industrializing around the 1780s that spread to France, German, U.S, and Canada. Their first invention was the steam powered ships, engines, and railroads. Later in the 1860s, the internal combustible engines were introduced. The Market R...
The industrial revolution was a social and manufacturing boom that began in Britain during the 18th century, but the effects of it have continued on and steadily impacted the world ever since. The world was in need of new technology in order to keep up with the ever-changing demands of society, which was how the industrial revolution began. Britain’s desire for, and accessibility of, new products and ideas that the world was vying for led them to cause a global revolution. The industrial revolution became a global revolution due to the initial popularity and then long-term success of the products that emerged during it, such as the cotton gin and steam engine. The products and their effects created some mixed reactions, because some them benefited
began to take over the worlds market for tabulators, clocks, and electric type writers. By 1940 it was the us largest office firms that deals with machines. There sales had reach $50 million.
The Industrial Revolution was a transformation from agrarian and handicraft-centered economies into economies distinguished by industry and machine manufacture (Bentley and Ziegler 652). It first began in Britain during the mid-eighteenth century and lasted through the nineteenth century (Bentley and Ziegler 652-653). Although the Industrial Revolution was a drastic and ongoing process, does not mean it was an unproblematic change. Many people during this time period experienced positive and negative effects throughout this development.
Because of the robust Linux programmer community, several “flavour’s” of Linux (known as “vendors”) are available, and each is specialized in a slightly different way. This robust operating system is being widely adopted by IT professionals in growing businesses because of its high quality, reliability, and price.
Since the initial warming of U.S.-China relations in the early 1970’s, policymakers have had difficulty balancing conflicting U.S. policy concerns in the People’s Republic of China. In the strange world of diplomacy between the two, nothing is predictable. From Nixon to Clinton, presidents have had to reconcile security and human rights concerns with the corporate desire for expanded economic relations between the two countries. Nixon established ties with Mao Zedong’s brutal regime in 1972. And today Clinton’s administration is trying to influence China’s course from within a close economic and diplomatic relationship.
China is one of the main viable candidates as this century’s new world power. Today, it maintains a strong economic stance within the international market, and is expanding at a rapid pace. The United States cannot maintain its position as hegemon for the rest of humanity; just as how ...