Rubber dam is a kind of hydraulic structure made of a rubber bag which can be inflated with suitable fluid to suitable size to retain water and can be used for hydraulic management. To be strict, it is a high strength fabric with rubber anchored to the concrete basement which forms a balloon like bag to stopover the flow of water. The purposes of Rubber Dam are to control the streams, flood control, irrigation, water supply, tidal barrier, environment improvement, retain water for agricultural and industrial uses. Inflatable Rubber Dams are being successfully used in many parts of the world and more and more are being installed every year. Nearly 2000 Rubber Dams are planted and are operational till date across the globe. In Bangladesh xx Rubber Dams have been installed. Rubber Dam is becoming more and more important in recent days for its advantages, low construction cost and less impact to the environment. Still construction of inflatable rubber dam in large scale is ambitious although many useful and effective modifications have been made in recent days for successful application. The construction method and design of the Rubber Dam still follows the original design of a single Rubber Bag Component and it is suggested that Inflatable Rubber Dam should have spans less than 100 meters.. In this paper it has been discussed about solutions of the design problems arising in large scale Rubber Dam construction. The objective is to find an efficient and safe design for Inflatable Rubber Dam for small and big projects while keeping it as cost effective as possible.
Introduction:
Rubber Dam, hydraulic structure made of rubber fabric used for controlling the stream at different heights of flow is a stimulating concept for research as mo...
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...d forces and damages. In case of damage to one separate inflatable rubber dam cell other sound bags can with stand the flow.
The proposed Rubber Dam model is not made of one single Rubber Bag instead it consists of several Rubber Bags Cells with special design and properties. All these cells are connected to each other with vulcanization of rubber sheet to the Rubber Bag Cells. The cells together with the Rubber Sheet vulcanized with them make a watertight structure. Still the rubber sheet connecting two adjacent cells has to be loose enough so that little longitudinal force is transferred from one cell to other. Steel wire can be used around the cells and then embedded to the base for extra strength. The strength of the vulcanized connection between the cells determines the number of cells to be placed side by side between two successive cells of the second type.
There are nine dams in and directly leading to New York State’s Letchworth State Park. These dams have been built for a variety of reasons and affect nearly 400 miles of freshwater rivers in the Genesee River Basin of Western New York (Fish, n.d.).
In December 1936 the United States Department of the Interior authorized the Lower Colorado River Authority to construct a low dam at the site of an old crossing on the river known as Marshall Ford. Marshall Ford Dam was completed in 1941 through the collaboration of the United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) and the Lower Colorado River Authority (LCRA) of Texas. The original purpose of the dam was to prevent floods from devastating Austin, TX. The capital city had substandard heavy damage from previous floods since its establishment in 1846. Soon bureaucrats came together to create the Colorado River Project, wanting to create a series of dams along the Colorado River to create hydroelectric power and serve to control floods and droughts. With Buchanan dam well under way with a total of six planned Marshall Ford was the only dam designed primarily for flood control and the only dam in which USBR oversaw construction. With money scarce there was debate over the final height dam and it reservoir capacity. This issue resolves itself with the flood of 1938. Once completed Marshall Ford Dam would flood 65 miles of the Colorado to form Lake Travis, creating the largest of the seven reservoirs known as the Highland Lakes.
Compared to the linear peristaltic pump and rotary peristaltic pump, the 360 degree peristaltic pump runs more slowly at the same performance. As a result, the hoses will have longer lifetime which is economic. Furthermore, the 360 degree peristaltic pump produces less friction due to the unique structure, and therefore less thermal. Especially, the 360 degree peristaltic pump has only a single compression per rotation while the ordinary pumps with numerous shoes or rollers have at least two or more compression per revolution. This means that the design of the 360 degree pump will prolong the lifetime of the tube. At the same size, this design will generate more flow volume (55%) at the same
Over the years Glen Canyon Dam has been the spark for hundreds of debates, rallies, and protests. These debates have been going on for almost forty years now. The fact is that the dam created a huge lake when it was built, this is what bothers environmentalists. This lake is called Lake Powell and thousands of people depend on its tourists for income. The lake also filled up a canyon called Glen Canyon, some people say it was the most beautiful place on earth. The anti-dam side of the debate has its basis in the fact that Lake Powell is currently covering Glen Canyon. It was very remote so few people got to witness its splendor. This is probably the reason the dam was built in the first place, ignorance.
The Oroville dam is a rock fill embankment dam, which means, a water barrier that is made with certain materials so that it isn’t prone to erosion or deterioration. Because the material is so heavy due to the need for a secure dam, , it creates a much stronger barrier and base to its foundation. A study was done to see if a rock fill dam is the most stable type of dam to hold the amount of water it is expected to. The study tested different types of dams stability compared to the stability of a rock fill, and ultimately found that the rock fill is completely acceptable and safe (Lei). The Feather River is the only river to feed into the dam, filling it to its total capacity of 3,507,977 acre/ft.
According to Suspension bridges: Concepts and various innovative techniques of structural evaluation, “During the past 200 years, suspension bridges have been at the forefront in all aspects of structural engineering” (“Suspension”). This statement shows that suspension bridges have been used for over 200 years, and that people are still using them today because they are structurally better bridges. This paper shows four arguments on the advantages of suspension bridges, and why you should use one when building a bridge. When deciding on building a suspension bridge, it has many advantages such as; its lightness, ability to span over a long distance, easy construction, cost effective, easy to maintain, less risk
Energy production is the second major reason for the construction of Three Gorges Dam. China’s demand of energy has been increasing rapidly that the Government have to find ways to fulfill the huge demand. The Three Gorges Dam becomes one of the solutions in meeting the needs. According to China Three Gorges Corporation, the dam contains twenty-six turbines, each generating 700MW, thus ...
Never before has a dam of such magnitude ever been attempted in the world. The Three Gorges Dam will stretch 2-kilometers (1.3 miles) across the Yangtze River, tower 185 meters into the air (610 feet), and create a 600-kilometer (385 miles) reservoir behind it (Probe International). It will also be the most costly dam ever built once, and if, it is completed. "Estimated costs of...
The Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River will probably be finished by 2009 and will be the largest hydroelectric dam in the world.
Dams operate by using water as its main source of power. They produce power from fast volumes of moving water that turns a generator. This falling water at one gallon of water per second, can create one kilowatt of electrical power if it falls one hundred feed. When water behind a dam is released, it runs through a pipe called a penstock, which then delivers it to the turbine. Different shapes are used on these turbines, but are generally created to harness kinetic force of the moving water as well as the water pressure.
Pottinger, Lori. "Environmental Impacts of Large Dams: African Examples." International Rivers. N.p., 1 Oct. 1996. Web. 04 May 2014.
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND BUREAU OF RECLAMATION. (1985) Hoover Dam. Washingto, D.C., pp. 56.
McCully, Patrick. “Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Dams.” International Rivers. 1 May. 2007. Web. 27 March 2014.
Initially, rubber has existed for an extensive period of time. When viewing the “early history of rubber development, [there] is evidence that rubber existed even before Columbus’ time” (Robert, E.A. 1952, p. 77). One of the earlier uses of rubber was documented in a Mexican Tribe where the natives of Mexico and West Indies played games using elastic balls (Robert, E.A. 1952, p. 77). Many scientists attempted to establish “suitable solvents for rubber since its arrival in Europe as a raw material in the late 1700s, however none had been successful” (Backer, C. 1997, p.14). Furthermore, it is relevant to say that the rubber industry was primarily established in Europe by Charles Macintosh, who was an industrial chemist in 1818 (Backer, C. 1997, p.14). Later on, the rubber industry began to devel...
Water tap has become an important part for household, business, and also buildings. Modern water tap nowadays are well engineered and can long last but depend on the types of the materials. Many people would prefer to replace the design when remodeling. There are many reasons that causes failure modes for water tap.