Every day we encounter a lot of music as we go about our lives, whether we're listening to the radio, watching a film, shopping or going to lunch, we are constantly surrounded by music. All of this music has to be licensed, meaning musicians can make money by earning royalties from their recorded music.
Licenses and their corresponding royalties fall under four different categories:
Performance rights license and royalties:
A performance rights license is a license which allows music to be performed live or broadcast. This usually takes the form of a 'blanket license' which gives the licensee the right to play the entire collection belonging to a specific performing rights organization, in exchange for a set fee. Licenses to play individual recordings or albums are also available. The performer and publisher of the music obtain royalties each time it is played on the radio, or performed live.
Synchronisation rights license and royalties:
A synchronisation license is necessary for a song to be used for things such as television programmes, films, advertisements and radio, and it is so named because of the 'synchronisation' of a composition to the required film/image, advertisement or voice-over. Sometimes, a second license is required when using a specific recording of the track, called the 'master license,' which must be obtained from the record company. Songwriters and publishers receive royalties when the music is used for this purpose.
Mechanical licences and royalties:
Mechanical licensing refers to permissions granted to mechanically reproduce music onto any kind of media for public distribution, for example, cassette tapes and CDs. The permission to reproduce the composition/song must be granted by the pub...
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...s, the £11.53 per minute on BBC Radio one or the £19.64 per minute on BBC Radio 2.
PRS for Music is not to be confused with Phonographic Performance Limited (PPL) which essentially serves the same purpose. However, where PRS for Music collects royalties on behalf of the author, songwriter, composer and publisher, PPL collects royalties on behalf of the performer and record company; in most instances a license is required from both PRS for Music and PPL to legally play recorded music in public.
PPL members can range from session musicians and emerging artists to major record companies and globally successful artists, it does not cost anything to become a member of PPL.
Works Cited
http://ygynghrair.rhysllwyd.com/?page_id=257 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performing_Right_Society#Independent_Welsh_agency http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonographic_Performance_Limited
The music industry can trace its roots to the 18th century when classical composers such as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart sought commissions from the church or aristocracies by touring to promote their music (Boerner). By the early 20th century, recorded collections of songs were available for purchase for home listening. Towards the middle of the century, record album production had become the norm for getting new music to the masses and album sales had replaced sheet-music sales as a measure of popularity, with the first gold-recor...
which gives artists the exclusive rights to their music from the moment of its creation until,
National Music Publishers Association ( NMPA ), 1997. International Survey of Music Publishing Revenues. New York: NMPA.
any legitimate third-party digital rights management technology to protect the copyrights of their digital content distributed through the MusicCity network.
Not long ago music and movies were simpler. Music was played on the radio for free but you would not get a say in what was played and there would always be ads, for concerts you would pay to go and for CDs you paid for them. However, while some people copied CDs and gave them to friends, this was as far as piracy got (Arrington, 2009). Piracy is the unlawful reproduction and redistribution of intellectual property, without the permission of the original owner (NiDirect, n.d.). Intellectual property describes the works of the human mind such as music and films that are created or owned by a person or group and protected through copyright law (Reynolds, What is Intellectual Property?, 2015). With technology now more efficient than
“Films contain a number of separate copyrights” (Film & Copyright, 2012). Third party copyright material could include music and recordings incorporated into the soundtrack, screenplay and visual images. It is important to get clearance for any third party copyright material and to get a written agreement so each party is clear what their rights are.
Since 1999, the situation around music has been changed drastically. In that year, the novel software “Napster” was released. With this software, people became able to get any file they want easily, sometimes illegally. Some musicians and people in the entertainment industry have tried to exterminate that P2P “Peer to Peer” technology. But it looks as if their efforts are in vain. People are going to use P2P technology more and it might as well become the official way to handle music distribution. The music industry should rather take advantage of the technology than keep trying to exterminate it.
Copyright, in its first form, was first introduced in 1710 with a British statute of Anne. Since this time copyright laws have changed to remain current, and have grown into an international agreement by many countries around the globe.
Music Copyright is a very important aspect of the music industry. The Copyright law was established to preserve the creativity and rights of authors, composers, performers of expression. Copyright is the law that protects the property rights of the creator of an original work in a fixed tangible medium. (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/copyright) A fixed tangible medium is something substantial like copying lyrics on paper or putting a song on tape or CD. Copyright can be seen every where in the music industry. Many music artist of our culture today have been involved in copyright issues. Recently, on MTV news it was stated that, "As the music industry becomes increasingly concerned about protecting the integrity of artists copyrights in the age of MP3. Prince has now filed a motion in New York federal court aimed at shutting down several websites offering free downloads of the Artist's songs." (http://www.mtv.com…19990304/prince.jhtml) In addition, in recent music news, "Nine Inch Nails lead man Trent Reznor copyright infringement suit was dismissed. Another artist claimed that the Reznor had stolen material for his last album." (http://www.mtv.com…19991202/nine_inch_nails.jhtml) The copyright law has become an important legal aspect to know our music generation.
The heart of the music publishing business lies in the rights to the original music. After the music is successful enough to financially support itself the music is printed in mass quantities in a variety of ways. This could be everything from guitar tabs to choral arrangements for a junior high choir. The publisher's main source of income is through record royalties, performance royalties received from companies like the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP), Broadcast Music Incorporated (BMI), and the Society of European Stage Authors and Composers (SESAC) for performances of music copyrighted by the publisher. These royalties could be from many different types of performances but most are though radio and songs on television. The success of a songwriter lies in the greatly in the hands of his/her publisher. Normally we ...
Is important for anyone who has created any intellectual property to protect it. In the music industry, in order for someone to protect their work, they must obtain a copyright. Music has been around before anyone could obtain a copyright and when the invention of the computer came along it made it easier for someone to steal another artist's intellectual property with the help of the internet. This paper will cover what events have taken a big role in copyright protection for artist, the consequences if someone was to break the rules of a copyright which is called copyright infringement, and how will a copyright hold in the future. Were copyrights enacted without the thought of life changing technology, and how can some music companies surpass copyright infringement and make a profit from the artist? Can a copyright really make that much of a difference in the world we know today?
“No action may be brought under this title alleging infringement of copyright based on the manufacture, importation, or distribution of a digital audio recording device, a digital audio recording medium, an analog recording device, or an analog recording medium, or based on the noncommercial use by a consumer of such a device or medium for making digital musical recordings or analog musical recordings.”
With the invention of the Compact Disc (CD) in 1984 the music industry was able to increase their record revenues again surpassing $4 billion. According to the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), profits in 1988 increased up to $6.25 billion (Krasilovsky and Shemel, 2007). On one hand CD’s have proved to be very successful invention as it indicated that consumers are willing to pay for increased quality of goods and services. However on the other hand it had introduced issues relating piracy. Illegal reproduction of analog phonograph records was a relative harmless issue at this time, as the quality of sound would reduce by ea...
Piracy is primarily a problem for the entertainment and software industries, and therefore piracy most often involves violations of copyright law. Copyright is a legal right that protects creative works from being reproduced, performed, or disseminated without permission of the copyright owner. Essentially, a copyright gives its owner the exclusive right to make copies of the material in question.
Spotify is on-demand streaming music player. After registration and downloading the desktop application user gains access to more than 20 million songs that are currently available on Spotify [1]. The main characteristic of Spotify’s streaming service is that it does not sell music, but it gives access to it. Streaming digital music is based on agreements with content owners - record labels, digital distributors, aggregators and publisher collecting societies, to whom Spotify pays out royalties [2]. Without these agreements there would be no music to stream. Basically, Spotify has an intermediary role as it distributes music content from right holders to listeners.