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Policies applied by Romania to benefit the economy
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Introduction This report targets the Romanian Government and it examines the positive and negative aspects of the free admission to museums policy which is considered to be implemented in this country. The main focus of this report is on how an increase in the demand for museum tickets will boost the economy of Romania, by allowing people to visit museums for free. Throughout the report, other examples of other countries such as the United Kingdom and Sweden will be used in order to explain how free admission to museums will have a positive impact on Romania as well. Economic functioning of the museum market, museum visitor statistics and demographic pattern for museum visits A very important factor in the market is the price mechanism: affects both demand (people will want to take advantage of the merit goods – the museums), and supply (depending on the entrance fee or free admission, some museums could last longer or not at all on the market.) The public is easily attracted by incentives such as discounts for students and children and free admission for elders and the disabled. Incentives generate more visitor numbers. However, current demand for tickets is low compared to the optimum quantity, although the museums’ heritage and their tradition are considered to be of great value. The shortage in demand is mainly due to lower-class citizens’ incomes. One notable aspect in the Romanian museum market is that, whilst the number of museum visits recorded a significant decrease (12 million visitors to 9.5 from 2007 to 2011), the number of museums has increased from 679 to 709 (Pârvulescu 2013), according to Mediafax . The museum market equilibrium was affected due to a drastic decrease in demand, although supply increased by 30 un... ... middle of paper ... ...t accessed 4th Nov 2013. Nasui, C. (2013). TOPUL celor mai vizitate muzee din România. Available: http://www.modernism.ro/2013/08/26/topul-celor-mai-vizitate-muzee-din-romania/. Last accessed 4th Nov 2013. Pârvulescu, D. (2013). Deşi numărul muzeelor din România creşte, ele sunt vizitate de tot mai puţini oameni. Available: http://www.descopera.ro/dnews/11118886-desi-numarul-muzeelor-din-romania-creste-ele-sunt-vizitate-de-tot-mai-putini-oameni. Last accessed 4th Nov 2013. Sillito, D. (2011). Free museums: Visits more than double. Available: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-15979878. Last accessed 4th Nov 2013. Sloman, J; Jones, E (2005). Economics and the Business Environment. 3rd ed.: Pearson Education Limited. 35, 48, 53. Youngs, I. (2011). Museums enjoy 10 years of freedom. Available: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-15927593. Last accessed 4th Nov 2013.
The Museum Effect turns things of lesser value or artistic appeal to the source culture than was originally intended and gives them a perhaps inflated level of importance as art in our estimation. It is described in the article as a way of seeing, or lens through which something is viewed (ex: art historically, culturally, socially, etc.). Alpers describes TME as such because nearly all items in museums were meant to be seen or used in some other manner and thus much of the original context has been removed and cannot be recreated. The inflation of importance of objects derived from the lack of contextual information and the museum’s tendency to present all things aesthetically are the driving forces causing TME. Alpers suggests that by acknowledging that TME exists, the museum community and visitors can help negate its harmful
Princeton, 1963. Hailstone, Thomas and Rothwell, John. Managerial Economics, pp. 93-95. Prentice Hall, 1993.
“Art Museums and the Ritual of Citizenship” by Carol Duncan: A Response to Western Cultural Imperialism and the “Ritual” of Modernity in European/American Museums
Items displayed in museums hold historical significance and are representative of society’s culture. Preserving valuable collections for education and enjoyment is a primary role of museums. While fulfilling this role, the architecture of the museum is also an important factor. Historical buildings are converted into museums and architects must consider the use of the space and the museum’s purpose during their initial design. Other museums are built with a clear purpose in mind. As museums are designed, many characteristics are determined. Display and storage spaces as well as visitor services impacts museum’s functionality. Based on the function of a museum, architectural requirements are different.
Many, but not all, of the Metropolitan Museum of Art’s challenges were the direct result of the heavily populated city around it. Over the years, the Museum has been forced to take measures against air pollution in particular. Visitors to the Museum will notice that many of the less durable artifacts have been placed in controlled cases.
The past years have seen both an unusual increase in the number of museums throughout the world and an astonishing expansion and diversification in the services provided. This work focuses on museums as the intricate amalgam of historical structures and narratives and the way they have marketed their narratives and strategies of display to their audiences.
‘Savage Beauty’ was an exhibition that pushed the boundaries of museology, in its artistic, social and critical undertakings. The questions brought to bear by the exhibition of contemporary art and culture in various situations is something I am interested in researching further with a degree in curating.
This chapter deals with the literature on the socio-economic impacts of heritage tourism in order to give the reader a clear picture of the problem. According to Weaver and Lawton (2002), the main purposed of tourism management at a destination is to maximise the economic, social and environmental benefits while trying to minimising the associated costs. Regarding the impacts of tourism, most literature will describes economic and social impacts in both positive and negative (Lickorish & Jenkins, 1997; Narayan, 2004; Page, 2007; Timothy & Boyd, 2003; Tsartas, 1992).
Museums have been around for generations and as time has progressed, best practices and methodologies have adapted to adhere to contemporary trends. When answering the question of how to make museums more indispensable for tomorrow’s generation, we must be open to incorporate technological advances. As the world continues to move online, museums must be sure not stay behind. This paper will discuss the concept of digitization and the role it plays in museums in regard to collections management and preservation, education and engagement, and accessibility and inclusion. The final analysis will summarize the manner in which digitization contributes to keeping museums relevant to current and future audiences.
Museums have come a long way from their original basic displays of artifacts and specimens. Like all industries, digitization is contributing to this major transformation. Over the past few decades museums have adapted to the newer information structure surrounding the field of museums and their exhibits. The successfulness of the museum experience determines if the current study of information is effective. The museum experience is constantly changing alongside museums and museum informatics. This section will analyze the various forms of discovery accessible in the museum environment.
The lack of advertising is preventing the museum from attracting more visitors and funding thus negatively affecting the purpose of the museum. Many people are unaware of the existence of the museum which prevents them from visiting it. If people are not going to the museum, this means that they will not have the opportunity to learn about geography from the museum. For example, monthly lectures that are held in the debate room always have low attendance. Furthermore, poor advertising is preventing funding; an important factor to any non-profit scientific organization which rely mainly on government grants and donations. An increase in funding can be used to finance many aspects of the museum, including advertising, in order to improve the study of geography in Egypt. However, the small amount of visitors makes philanthropists and the government less interested in giving funds. Consequently, the Society is financially unable to advertise and thus cannot improve the study of geography in Egypt. Hiring an advertising agency to begin a campaign is necessary. Advertising through television, billboards, flyers and even emails will help attract more visitors and researchers as well as attention from government and thus help the museum in achieving its purpose of improving the study of geography in Egypt.
Lacking marketing expertise: Even though museums broadly understand the causes of very few visitors want to go to the museums. However, they do not have enough resources or knowledge of marketing. Thus, their campaigns are not professional and tend to be failures.
In exploring and understanding this subject, one must study the history and development of individual museums and galleries, observing the exterior architecture as well as the internal design, and the reasons behind any developments or renovations done to the buildings. In addition to this the location of the museum must be considered, to see if the surrounding architecture influences any modernisation or extensions taken out on the buildings, as well as considering the expectations and ideas of different cultures, and how they might manipulate the evolution of such places over the past fifty years.
It is easy to said that the ticket price setting according to its cost,value and competition. And not too expensive for customers,but there is no competitive advantage for this price. In my opinion, if museum can make some activities and coupon for customers,it may attract more customers to the museum. Same situations with parking price. Because they have parking place for customers , they open to the public can be another way to get money.
Sullivan, A., & Steven M., (2003). Economics: Principles in action. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey : Pearson Prentice Hal