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Role of Prisons in Reducing Recidivism
The role of prisons and prison wardens in reducing recidivism is a major concern today. With programs initialized in the prison systems, recidivism rates still have stayed about the same for forty years. Almost two-thirds of prisoners will be arrested after their release, and of those, half will return to prison for a new crime. The obstacle faced by professionals to change behavior is a multi-layered complex problem that needs to be addressed in our society today. Different views and opinions are given, and they do not lesson the impact of each other, but a multi-dimensional program should be utilized to achieve the goal of recidivism.
Professor Alex Holsinger of the University of Missouri states that each individual has a responsibility for his or her behavior and not to look at the penal system for absolute rehabilitation. The recidivism studies tend to clump entire criminal behavior into one study and do not look at all the different criminal offenses separately. For example, chronic drunk driving behavior and shoplifting behavior s...
During the American Revolutionary War, all of the states had incurred a lot of debt from other foreign nations. So Hamilton decided that America must pay back this debt so that they could maintain peace and regulate commerce with European countries. The southern states had paid off their debt but the northern states were still in debt. So he composed a compromise - The south would not protest the Federal government paying off any northern states that still had debt, in the condition that the south chose where the national capital would be built. This compromise worked as the entire United States debt was paid off and the capital was constructed in the District of Columbia (DC) within a few years. In the construction of the capital, Maryland and Virginia donated land for the capital. The importance of this plan was that they had no debt, so this would bring power and respect to the United States from the European countries by keeping peace with everybody and allowing for continued trade. Because who would trade with a country that has debt with
Vincent Van Gogh is one of the world’s greatest and most well-known artists, but when he was alive he considered himself to be a complete failure. It was not until after he died that Van Gogh’s paintings received the recognition they deserved. Today he is thought to be the second best Dutch artist, after Rembrandt. Born in 1853, he was one of the biggest artistic influences of the 19th century. Vincent Van Gogh created a new era of art, he learned to use art to escape his mental illness, and he still continues to inspire artists over 100 years later.
Emotional turmoil- Caligula found it hard to keep his emotions under control after finding out that his grandfather Tiberius, was responsible for the deaths of his parents and siblings. He expressed these aggressive emotions through engaging in sex with various men and women, as well as his sisters (especially Drusilla). He sometimes made the men watch as he had sex with their wives and children. Note- this happened prior to him contracting disease at the age of 37.
L’Enfant was fond of design of streets in Versailles, just outside Paris, France. Jefferson provided L’Enfant with maps of several European cities. Instead of copying design ideas from one city, L’Enfant used ideas taken from several European cities. L’Enfant designed the new city centered around a public walkway and the Capital Building (Fletcher). This plan allowed for spaces of various shapes and sizes to allow future monuments to be built at a later time (Encyclopaedia Britannica).
The book begins with the accusations of ancient writers such as Seneca, Pliny the Elder, Josephus, and Suetonius who all claim that Caligula suffered from insanity. It is apparent that the authors do not believe this allegation and throughout the book, they attempt to prove their theory. They instead portray him as more of an evil genius with ulterior motives for his actions. They note that Suetonius suggests that Caligula committed incest with his sisters but use the fact that Seneca and Philo of Alexandria do not, as a way to discredit the notion.
Tiberius, who served as emperor from 14 to 37 AD, began his rule after the death of his father-in-law, Augustus. Tiberius was a weak ruler, and he understood that ruling Rome was like “holding a wolf by the ears.” When conflict arose in Europe, Tiberius sent his nephew, Germanicus, to deal with it. Germanicus did his job, and this resulted in Tiberius fearing the newest war-hero. To avoid the issue, Germanicus was appointed governor of the remote eastern provinces by his uncle. After the sudden death of Germanicus, people believed that Tiberius had poisoned him. He denied this, but the accusations never died. When he was in need of advice, Tiberius sought the assistance of Sejanus, a cavalry officer and town cheat. Tiberius sought the assistance of Sejanus, a cavalry officer. Sejanus abused the trust that was put in him, and he began to prosecute potential threats. Germanicus’s family was rumored to be plotting against Tiberius, and Sejanus had them all killed, only sparing his youngest son, Caligula. Tiberius did nothing, moving and cutting himself off from social contact. In Capri. Tiberius, who was safe from danger now, only allowed Sejanus to visit him regularly. When most believed that Sejanus would turn against him, Tiberius did the unexpected. He turned against Sejanus, choosing Caligula, Germanicus’s only surviving son, as heir to the throne. Taking care of Sejanus, Tiberius sent a letter to the Senate, condemning the cavalry officer. They captured him, strangled him, and dumped his body in the river Tiber. Tiberius died in 37 AD.
In 1791, the newly established Federal Government of America was quickly gaining stance. To establish a concrete foundation upon which to expand the government, George Washington selected the District of Columbia to be the official Capitol of America as well as the permanent home to many of the government’s buildings. To house the Legislative Branch, Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson commissioned the construction of the U.S. Capitol Building. After a falling out with lead architect Pierre Charles L’Enfant, Jefferson announced a competition to find a suitable architect to construct the building. During this time, a physician and amateur architect living in the British West Indies by the name of William Thornton submitted plans for the Capitol Building. The symmetrical symbolism of the two houses, coupled with the replicated grandeur of ancient roman temples won his design over the 17 other plans submitted. The commissioners as well as Washington commended the overall simplistic elegance of the design. It was formally approved on July 25, of 1793. Thornton’s inventive design, neoclassical influence, and political motivations led the capitol building to become one of the most dramatic and influential buildings in America.
The notorious Caligula ruled the Roman Empire from 37 AD until 41 AD as a tyrant who in due time became a villain. Although Caligula was an intelligent and amusing young man he also had a cruel and darker side that would in modern times, leave people to question his mental stability. His weird and unusual actions would reinforce this idea, such as him wanting and having his counterparts look up to him and worship him as a god because he considered himself a divine one. He would force both men and women to have sex with him and would commit incest with his sisters. Although incest was acceptable in that time, it is an action that is highly frowned upon in modern day. One considerable reason for the madness behind Caligula’s reign could be due to a disease called megalomania. German pacifist Ludwig Quidde made this term known and described it as “the point of regarding oneself as divine; disregard for all limits of law and all the rights of other individuals; brutal cruelty without purpose or reason” (qtd. in Winterling 2). However this would not have bothered Caligula. He enjoyed having food that was covered in gold leaf and drinking from vinegar that had dissolved pearls inside of it. He also thought enough to want to hold a ceremony to crown his horse and make him apart of his consul. Caligula indulged in the excitement and torture of execution. The victims of these senseless crimes were often Roman senators. He even removed two from his office because they forgot his birthday. Although he was in the position of high authority, author of The Lives of the Twelve Caesars: Caligula, Suetonius stated a clear explanation for his behavior that “he was insane” (qtd. in Winterling 7).
More than half of prisoners reoffend within at least three years of leaving prison. Those who reoffend tend to have more severe and more aggressive offenses than previously. A man by the name of Brandy Lee has shown that by having a very strict program in prisons, violent offenders in San Francisco jails reduced the amount of violence in jails. The program also helped to reduce the rate of violent re-offences after leaving the jail by over 50 percent.
Goldsmith’s account of Nero and Caligula is important in understanding why John Reed is likened to them. According to Goldsmith, Caligula was arrogant, greedy, and cruel (365). He had many vices and hurt everyone around him.
"Where to put a nation's capitol?" was the exact question that irritated George Washington and a man by the name of Pierre L'Enfant, city planner and engineer. "The District of Columbia is a perfect site; its in the middle of the 14 states, halfway between Massachusetts and Georgia," exclaimed Washington. Being near to the ocean so that many people can get to it easily. In 1790, Congress passed the "Residence Act," which provides that the federal government will be located in a permanent site on the Potomac River by 1800. Pierre Charles L'Enfant develops plan for capital city; he and President Washington select site for "Congress House" on Jenkins Heights. With a location chosen the only task now is to design the capitol building. (Prolman, 5)
The “Tough on Crime” and “War on Drugs” policies of the 1970s – 1980s have caused an over populated prison system where incarceration is policy and assistance for prevention was placed on the back burner. As of 2005, a little fewer than 2,000 prisoners are being released every day. These individuals have not gone through treatment or been properly assisted in reentering society. This has caused individuals to reenter the prison system after only a year of being release and this problem will not go away, but will get worst if current thinking does not change. This change must be bigger than putting in place some under funded programs that do not provide support. As the current cost of incarceration is around $30,000 a year per inmate, change to the system/procedure must prevent recidivism and the current problem of over-crowed prisons.
The purpose of this paper is to examine the problems that Pierre L'Enfant encountered in designing and building Washington D.C. What delays did the project have and how might they have been avoided? Why was L'Enfant dismissed from his work in 1792?
A very serious problem that needs to be brought to public attention, especially in America, is the landfills. A landfill is where everyone’s garbage ends up. They make the environment very unhealthy due to the excessive pollution that escapes from the boundaries and they take up a lot of space. Most people aren’t aware that landfills have a fill capacity, and a lot of those limits are being quickly closed in on. Landfills in Rhode Island and Massachusetts have an estimated twelve years left before their dumps are filled up (Landfills pg 10). According to the Save Our each organization, more than 50 percent of our nation’s landfills will be full within a decade. By that time, it will be too late to begin worrying about caring for the environment. The earlier that conservation efforts are put in motion, the better. On top of taking up lots of space, landfills are very unhealthy for the environment. Whenever rainwater runs through a dump, it mixes with all types of waste to create a disgusting garbage soup that is known as leachate. Leachate is very harmful, especially when it ...
The people of America throw away more trash than any other society in the world! America consumes 80 percent of our planet's resources, even though we make up only 20 percent of the world's population (Cooper 267). The average person throws away 4.3 pounds of trash each day. That's about 30 pounds per week and 120 pounds per month! (“Reduce and Reuse” 1). Americans throw away too much - that's the bottom line (Cooper 265). There is a garbage crisis in America and “the only part of the anti-waste message that has taken hold to any noticeable degree is the call to recycle” (Cooper 267). Our country's issues on trash and recycling go hand in hand. America produces too much trash, and the environment is suffering. There is some effort being put into countering these issues through recycling and trash management, but is it enough? (Cooper 267).