Role of Exercise in the Prevention and Management of Osteoporosis

1- Needs assessment of the community which supports the importance of the hypothetical health promotion program.

A- Osteoporosis is divided into two groups:

- Primary osteoporosis:

It is caused by excessive bone loss through aging, menopause, and negative effects of lifestyle factors like smoking, alcohol, diet and lack of physical activity.

- Secondary osteoporosis:

It is caused by different types of diseases like: hypogonadism (low estrogen production), tyreotoxicose, hyperparotidism, anorexia, rheumatoid arthritis, malabsorptive conditions (coeliac disease etc.) and other illnesses which lead to low physical motion. Usage of some medicaments like glucocorticoids may cause osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis does not include other pathological circumstances which lead to low BMD, for example, rickets, hyperparatyroid bone sickness, osteomalacia and renal osteodystrophy. Many different factors play a role during childhood and adolescence; these can be differentiated into susceptible and non- susceptible factors. All of them lead to lower BMD, and most will also be risk factors for fractures. The outcome of osteoporosis is mostly estimated through number of fractures. The strongest risk factors like age and gender are not changeable. However, one European study demonstrates that lifestyle can explain half of hip fractures.

B- None changeable influences

- Strong evidence:

a- Gender: females have nearly 100 percent increased risk for hip fracture compared to men. Between 60-80 years old people; females loose almost double bone mass density than males.

b- Age: By men it’s a continual loss, but women will have an amplified reduction after menopause.

c- Earlier fractures: Low energy fractures in wrist, column, an...

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...ffering home programs, web based programs, home visits.

Lack of motivation

Group sessions, PFE, use video games programs, web based programs and show them difference between results after each reassessment.

Fund

Includes volunteers; involve family members, client to client follow ups.

References

Bjugstad, K.(2012). The Role of Physical Activity as Prevention against Osteoporosis. Retrieved form

https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/29170/Innlevering.pdf?sequence=1

Janet, M. H.(2004). THE ROLE OF EXERCISE IN OSTEOPOROSIS PREVENTION: AN EDUCATIONAL MODULE FOR CLINICIANS. Retrieved form

https://www.nursing.arizona.edu/Library/Mar_JH.pdf

Olga, R. M.(1999). Is there a role for exercise in the prevention of osteoporotic fractures?. Br J Sports Med 1999;33:378–386. Retrieved from

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1756218/