Graves’ disease was named after Robert J. Graves, MD, around the 1830’s. It is an autoimmune disease indicated by hyperthyroidism due to circulating autoantibodies, which is an antibody that attacks the person’s own body. The immune system attacks the thyroid gland, which causes it to produce too much thyroxine. Thyroxine is a hormone that helps control growth and also regulates metabolism in the body. While the thyroxine levels are high the patient’s metabolic rate increases, which can have an effect on their physical appearance as well as their frame of mind. Graves’ disease is the number one cause of hyperthyroidism in the U.S.
There are many signs and symptoms of Graves’ disease. Symptoms of Graves’ disease include anxiety, irritability, insomnia, tiredness, irregular or accelerated heart rate, and sensitivity to heat. Sign of Graves’ disease are tremors in the hands and fingers, weight loss, brittle hair, goiter, menstrual cycle changes, and more frequent bowel movements. People with Graves’ disease also report having symptoms of Graves’ opthalmopathy, also known as thyroid eye disease. This can include bulging of the eyes, itchy eyes, red eyes, sensitivity to light, and swelling around the eyelids. More severe cases of opthalmopathy include corneal ulcers, double vision, blurred vision, and restricted eye movements. According to a journal published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, “Smoking greatly increases the risk for Graves’ opthalmopathy. Among patients with Graves’ opthalmopathy, smokers had more severe eye disease than nonsmokers. Smoking also appears to be one of the multiple factors inducing Graves’ disease in genetically predisposed individuals.” One more sign of Graves’ disease, though it is no...
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...ring that it is not known what causes Graves’ disease to occur, the fact that there are so many treatment options is astonishing.
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Hyperthyroidism develops when the thyroid gland produces too much of the hormone thyroxine. (“Hyperthyroidism”, n.d.). The main cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’s disease. According to Porth 2011, “Graves disease is a state of hyperthyroidism, goiter, opthalmopathy or less common dermopathy… Graves disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by abnormal stimulation of the thyroid gland by thyroid-stimulating antibodies.” (p.789). Some more causes include multi nodular goiter, adenoma of the thyroid and thyroiditis. (Porth, 2011, p.788). Some common symptoms of hyperthyroidism are tachycardia, sweating, increased sensitivity to heat, fatigue, and muscle weakness and enlarged thyroid gland.
Kostoglou-Athanassiou I, Ntalles K (2010). Hypothyroidism: New Aspects of an Old Disease. PMC, 14, 82-7.
Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disease that was discovered by Robert Graves in 1835. Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system attacks the thyroid gland and causes hyperthyroidism. Graves’ disease occurs when the antibodies like thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin and thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAbs) attack the thyroid gland as if it were a foreign object or a virus of some sort. This disease is the most common type of hyperthyroidism. Attacking the thyroid gland in such a manner makes it excessively overproduce the hormone thyroxine which controls the body’s metabolic rate. Heightened activity of the thyroid can increase the body’s metabolism by 60% to 100%. (Weeks 34-35).
Graves reported he worked with the victim's husband at a chicken plant. Graves reported he visited the home 2 to 3 times per week. Graves advised he always sold the couple pills because they were drugs addicts. Graves said he went there to sell them pills, but Dino was not home. Graves reported he has had an on going addiction to pills since age 19. He advised the day of the offense he has taken Xanax and oxytocin/oxycodone. He stated he was talking with another co-worker who told him Dawn was willing to be unfaithful if her husband was not around. Graves stated he had this idea in his head when he went to Dawn's apartment. Graves stated he flirted with the victim and she flirted back with him. Graves stated he touched the victim on her buttocks
The thyroid gland is found in the front of the neck and produces two main hormones. The hormones are called thuroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3). Together these hormones regulate the body’s metabolism by increasing energy use in cells, regulate growth and development, help to maintain body temperature and aid in oxygen consumption. These two hormones are regulated by hormones produced by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. The hypothalamus senses changes in body’s metabolic rate and releases a hormone known as thyropin-releasing hormone (TRH). This hormone then flows through connecting vessels to the pituitary gland which signals it to release another hormone. This hormone is known as thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). TSH then makes its way to the bloodstream until it reaches the thyroid where it is then signaled to activate T3 and T4 production [1]. This mechanism is controlled by a negative feedback loop meaning that when there is a sufficient amount of thyroid hormones in the blood stream, this will signal back to stop production of thyroid stimulating hormones. Complications occur when the thyroid hormones keep increasing even though there is already a sufficient amount of T3 and T4 in the blood stream. This process of over expression of thryroid hormones is known as hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism is a general term that includes any disease that has a consequence of an overabundance of thyroid hormones. Hyperthyroidism is a general term but there are many variant diseases that are in the hyperthyroidism category. These diseases include diffuse toxic goiter, Basedow’s disease, thyrotoxicosis, Parry’s and Graves’ disease.
Thyroid cancer has a multitude of symptoms that one can use to idenfity it. For example, a lump on your neck, pain in the throat or neck, difficulty swallowing, and swollen lymph nodes are all examples
Hypothyroid is an auto immune disorder is a condition of having an over active thyroid. It is usually hereditary and can be fatal. Some people are on medication and even have to have their thyroid completely removed which in turn requires you to be on medication for the rest of your life or you will die because you can’t live without your thyroid it controls all of your chemical production in the body.
questions that not even scientists or doctors can figure out about the disease, like why this
Women have 10 times the risk of hypothyroidism as men” (New York Times Health Guide Pg. 1/2). The disease often develops in young women or in women between the ages of 30 and 50 years old (NIH Pg. 2/6). Genetic factors come into play when looking at Hashimoto’s and the people diagnosed with the disease. Thyroid disease usually skips one generation. For example, someone’s mother can not have Hashimoto’s but the person’s grandmother will. A person’s genes can affect their risk of being diagnosed with the disease. “Researchers are working to find the gene or genes involved” (Women's Health Pg. 2/6). People with autoimmune diseases such as Vitiligo, Addison’s disease, Graves’ disease, Pernicious, Lupus, Type 1 diabetes, and Rheumatoid arthritis can develop Hashimoto’s (Women's Health Pg.
Graves disease is an autoimmune disease that is characterized by an overactive thyroid gland. In Graves disease the bodies immune system doesn't protect the body, but instead use antibodies, thyrotropin receptor antibodies and thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins, to bind to receptors on the surface of thyroid cells and stimulate those cells to overproduce and release thyroid hormones, this results in hyperthyroidism. In the United States, Graves disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism.
I am a 24 year old, female that has a history of kidney stones and hyperthyroidism. I was diagnosed with hyperthyroidism that progressed into Grave’s disease in 2013. I am currently in remission and do not take any medication for it. I have never been pregnant. I was born in Romania. My younger sister, who is 17
Graves’ disease is considered an auto immune disorder. It is also a hyperthyroid disorder that leads to the over activity of the thyroid gland. Graves’ disease is a condition that occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue. Many people suffer from symptoms. This paper will talk about the causes of the disease, research that has been conducted and how it can be treated.
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis is a condition where the thyroid gland is attacked by a variety of cell and antibody-mediated immune processes. It was discovered by Hakaru Hashimoto in Germany in 1912. This disease was the first to be recognized as an autoimmune disease. Hashimoto’s can lead to hypothyroidism, a condition in which the thyroid does not produce enough hormones in order to meet the bodies needs.
Among these disorders are hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Hypothyroidism is a disorder in which one is diagnosed for having and underactive thyroid. The probability for women over the age of sixty to develop an underactive thyroid is higher than those of other individuals. If left untreated it can potentially lead to obesity, joint pain, heart disease, and other health complications. On the contrary, hyperthyroidism is a disorder in which a person is diagnosed for having an overactive thyroid. This can cause nervousness and anxiety, hyperactivity, unexplained weight loss, and swelling of the thyroid gland which causes a noticeable lump to form on throat (known as a
There are also various eye disorders associated with eyesight such as astigmatism, farsightedness, and nearsightedness. Astigmatism is a condition in which vision at all distances may be blurred or distorted. An irregularly shaped cornea, causing light images to focus on two separate points in the eye, characterizes this condition. When the front of the eye is more oval than round, light does not focus properly on the back of the eye, also known as the retina. Astigmatism is not a disease, but is actually a vision condition that is quite common--only moderate to highly astigmatic eyes need corrective lenses. The signs and symptoms of severe astigmatism are blurred or distorted vision. For mild astigmatism the symptoms are headaches, eyestrain, fatigue, and blurred vision at certain angles. The causes of astigmatism are unclear. It may be genetically inherited or may result from various environmental factors such as poor lighting, incorrect posture, or an increased use of the eyes for close work.