The life of Robert Boyle is definitely one to be remembered. Robert Boyle was born on January 27th, 1627. He was born to the Great Earl of Cork, Richard Boyle, and his second wife Catherine Fenton. Robert was born in Lismore castle in Ireland. He spent most of his early childhood there along with his two sisters, Katherine and Lady Ranelagh. Although staying in Ireland, he was fostered out to a different family along with his brothers. He stayed there until he was about eleven when he was taken out of school. Soon after he was taken out of school he began being tutored at the Great Earls new English base. While being tutored he studied philosophy, religion, mathematics and the latest trends in physics and chemistry. Shortly after Robert was …show more content…
In 1655 he moved to Oxford and later joined the Invisible College. The Invisible College was a small group of natural philosophers; this group would later become known as The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge. While in Oxford he started to research the physical properties of air. Robert Boyle made many significant leaps and bounds in this particular area of study. After a few years of research, Boyle composed a theory that later became a law; it is now known as Boyle’s law. Boyle’s Law describes the relationship between the pressure of a gas and the volume in which the pressure of the gas tends to decrease, as the volume of the gas tends to increase. Importantly, temperature remains constant. The equation for this is PiVi= PfVf, where Pi equals initial pressure, Vi equals initial volume, Pf equals final pressure, and Vf equals final volume. Some of his later research builds upon this concept. Later in his life he continued to make significant progress in this …show more content…
After getting to Oxford, Robert Boyle paired up with a well-known scientist named Robert Hooke. Together they conducted various experiments on the properties of air. Shortly before they began their experiments Boyle read of Otto Von Guericke’s air pump. After he read of this is when he paired up with Hooke to improve Guericke’s air pump. In 1659 Hooke and Boyle finished their improvements on the air pump and called it the “Machina Boyleana" or "Pneumatical Engine". Using their newly derived air pump they started to conduct experiments on the physical properties of air. This series of experiments lead to the creation of what is now known as Boyle’s law. In 1663 after the creation of Boyle’s law, the Invisible College became The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge. After this change, they named Robert Boyle as a member of the council. He was also elected president of the council but he declined due to his strict religious views. After Boyle concluded his research on the physical properties of air he published a book on his experiments. This book was called New Experiments Physico-Mechanical, Touching the Spring of the Air, and its Effects Made, for the most part, in a New Pneumatical Engine. This book describes the relationship between a gas’s volume and how it interacts with the pressure of the gas (at constant temperature) in which the pressure of a gas
Leviathan and the Air Pump is a book by Steve Shapin and Simon Schaffer, that was published in 1985. This book talks about the debate between Thomas Hobbes author of the political treatise Leviathan and vehement critic of the systematic experimentation in natural philosophy and Robert Boyle, mechanical philosopher and the owner of the newly invented air pump. The debate was over Boyle’s air pump experiment and existence of a vacuum in the 1660’s. Shapin and Schaffer were able to refute firmly any sort of traditionalist notions that "hard sciences" like physical chemistry were not affected by social currents. Shapin and Schaffer's work informed us on how Boyle's development of
This law, known as Gay-Lussac’s law, observes the relationship between the pressure and temperature of a gas. Contrary to its name, this relationship was actually discovered by French scientific instrument inventor and physicist Guillaume Amontons, and is occasionally referred to Amontons’ Law of Pressure-Temperature. While Guy-Lussac did explore the temperature-pressure relationship, Guy-Lussac’s law is usually used to refer to the law of combining volumes. Amontons stubble across this relationship when he was building an “air thermometer.” Although not many have been able identify his exact method of experimentation, later scientist developed an apparatus in which consisted of pressure gauge and a metal sphere. These two pieces were then attached and submerged in solutions of varying temperatures. From Amontons’ and Guy-Lussac’s research and experimentation, they determined that pressure and volume had direct relationship; as one increased, the other increased. The quotient of pressure and temperature was then found to equal a constant, in which just like Boyle’s law, could be used to find one of the two variables at another pressure or temperature, given one of the variables and that the other conditions remain the same. Instead of using various solutions at different temperatures like in the experiment describe above, many experiments today utilize a solution in which the temperature is increased or decrease, such as in the following
John Dalton was born on September 6 1766 at Eagelsfield, Cumbria in England.Although he was born in England, he spent most of his life in Manchester.He was born into a Quaker family and while his family had food, they were still poor. His father Joseph was a weaver and John recieved most of his early education from his father. At the age of 12, John opened a school in Eagelsfield where he was the master. He was often threatened by the older boys who wanted to fight him because he was smarter, but he managed to keep in control for 2 years.Due to a poor salary, John was forced to leave his school and work in the fields with his brother. In 1781 John and his brother moved to Kendall. There John, his cousin George, and his brother ran a school where they offered English,Latin,Greek,French and twenty one mathematics and science course. Their school had sixty pupils. After twelve years at Kendall John started doing lectures and answering questions for mens magazines. John found a mentor in John Gough,who was the blind son of a wealthy tradesman. John Gough taught Dalton languages,mathematics,and optics. In 1973 John moved to Manchester as a tutor at New College. He immediately joined the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society and in the same year he published his first book: Meteorological Observations and Essays. In his book Dalton stated that gas exits and acts independantly and purely physically not chemically. After six years of tutoring, John resigned to conduct private research while still doing tutoring at 2 shillings a lesson. In 1802 John stated his law of partial pressures. When two elastic fluids are mixed together ( A and B) they dont repel each other. A particles do not repel B particles but a B particle will repel another B particle. One of his experiments involved the addition of water vapor to dry air. The increase in pressure was the same as the pressure of the added water. By doing this experiment, John established a relationship between vapor pressure and temperature. John’s interest in gases arose from his studies of meteorology. He had weather equipment that was with him at all times and he was constantly studying weather and atmosphere. He also kept a journal throughout his life in which he wrote over 200,000 observations. In 1803, John made his biggest contribution to science: The Atomic Theory.
Francis Bacon ~ used the scientific method to conduct experiments, he is known as a father of modern science for this.
Background Knowledge -------------------- Pressure The three scientists Boyle, Amontons and Charles investigated the relationship between gas, volume and temperature. Boyle discovered that for a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature, the pressure is inversely proportional to its volume.
John Dalton John Dalton, born 6th September 1766, is known for developing the theory of the elements and compounds, atomic mass and weights and his research in colour blindness. He was born in Eaglesfield, Cumberland (now known as Cumbria). In school he was so successful that at the age of 12 he became a teacher. In 1785 he became one of the principles and in 1787 he made a journal that was later made into a book, describing his thoughts on mixtures of gases and how each gas acted independently and the mixtures pressure (which is the same as the gases volume if it had one). Therefore, the law of partial pressure was made.
... Royal Society. He discovered numerous things about matters such as light and gravity, and in 1703 was elected as president of the Royal Society.
William Harvey was born on April 1, 1578, in Folkestone, England. At the age of sixteen, Harvey enrolled in Gonville and Caius College in Cambridge where he obtained a bachelor's degree in 1597. He went on to study medicine under Hieronymus Fabricius at the University of Padua in Italy. Fabricius was involved in the study of blood flow in the body, which motivated Harvey to research this branch as well. After moving to England, William Harvey was appointed as a personal physician to King Charles (Britannica). Within his study of blood, Harvey was able to form the theory of the circulation of blood through the body, which he published in ‘On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals', in 1628. The book brought Harvey fame and made him a respected name in science. During his experiments, William Harvey became skeptical of pr...
Robert Owen was born in Newtown, Montgomeryshire (Wales) on May 14, 1771, the sixth of seven children. His father was a sadler and ironmonger who also served as local postmaster; his mother came from one of the prosperous farming families of Newtown.
The Bernoulli family had eight significant and important mathematicians, starting with Jacob Bernoulli, born in 1654. Though there was a great deal of hatred and jealousy between the Bernuollis, they made many remarkable contributions in mathematics and science and helped progress mathematics to become what it is today. For example, Daniel discovered a way to measure blood pressure that was used for 170 years, which advanced the medical field. Daniel’s way of measuring pressure is still used today to measure the air speed of a plane. Without the Bernoulli family’s contributions and advancements to calculus, probability, and other areas of mathematics and science, mathematics would not be where it is now.
Robert’s father, William Burness was a tenant farmer who married Agnes Broun who was also a tenant farmer. Agnes gave birth to Robert Burns on 25th of January in Alloway, Ayrshire, Scotland on 1759. His last name was Burness but later it changed to Burns. Burns was the oldest child of seven brothers and sisters. When he was the age of seven, his father sold his household and moved to Mount Oliphant Farm. Their farmland was very ineffective and his family experience hard labor. His family lived in poverty and most of his early youth was filled with hardship. Burns
Quantitative measurements on gases were first made in a rational manner by the English chemist Robert Boyle (1627 - 1691). The instruments used by Boyle to measure pressure were two: the manometer, which measures differences in pressure, and the barometer, which measures the total pressure of the atmosphere.
William went to a junior school before going to the Grammar School when he was 7. There he learned how to speak and write Latin. No one knows what he did after he left school at the age of 14.
Throughout Thomson’s life he made many contributions to science. These include discoveries in thermodynamics and the age of the Earth, as well as innovating the Transatlantic Cable and inventing a tide meter. After exploring thermodynamics for some time, he developed the second law of thermodynamics. This law states that there cannot be a reaction that is completely efficient; a portion of the energy is lost to heat in each reaction. It also says that heat flows to areas that...
Boyle's law states that the volume of gas varies indefinitely with the pressure applied to it.