Robert Boyle is the most influential Anglo-Irish scientist in history. He played a key role in the history of science by establishing the experimental method, on which all modern science is based (Mollan). Also, with his assistant Robert Hooke, he began pioneering experiments on the properties of gases, including those expressed in Boyle's law. He demonstrated the physical characteristics of air, showing that is is necessary in combustion, respiration, and sound transmission. He also wrote The Sceptical Chymist in 1661, in which he attacked Aristotle's theory of four elements. This was an essential part of the modern theory of chemical elements.
Childhood
Robert was born on January 25, 1627 to a Protestant family in Lismore, Ireland. He was the youngest of fourteen children. His father was Richard Boyle, First Earl of Cork. Richard came to Ireland from England in 1588 at the age of 22. He was appointed clerk of the council of Munster by Elizabeth I in 1600 (Robert). At one point he was imprisoned for embezzlement and theft, but he managed to receive a royal pardon, and went on to accumulate a huge fortune and advance his social standing and political influence (Mollan). He was a very successful man and Robert grew up in a very noble and high-class life. Robert’s mother, Catherine Fenton, was Richard’s second wife, his first having died within a year of the birth of their first child. When Richard married the well connected Fenton she was 15 and he was 37. Richard was in his 60’s and Catherine in her 40’s when Robert was born (Robert).
Robert was born into an affluent English aristocratic family and received a conventional gentleman's education (Clulee). In a brief autobiography of his early life, Robert paints himself as being different from the other children in his family. He says he was rather self-righteous, preferring to study rather than play or do other normal boyish activities. Robert wrote that he was very much his father’s favorite (Mollan). Robert’s parents believed that the best upbringing for young children, up to the time they began their education, could be provided away from their parents. Robert was sent away to be brought up in the country while his father continued to aim for higher political successes (Robert). After his mother died Robert returned from his stay with his country nurse and rejoined his family. He went to school, along with one of his older brothers, at Eton College in England in 1635 when he was 8 years old (Sargent, 23).
I will focus on the surname Grayson for the purpose of this essay. I will focus on the two siblings that were the offspring from the coupling of the Scotsman, Rober...
Baseball statistics are meant to be a representation of a player’s talent. Since baseball’s inception around the mid-19th century, statistics have been used to interpret the talent level of any given player, however, the statistics that have been traditionally used to define talent are often times misleading. At a fundamental level, baseball, like any game, is about winning. To win games, teams have to score runs; to score runs, players have to get on base any way they can. All the while, the pitcher and the defense are supposed to prevent runs from scoring. As simplistic as this view sounds, the statistics being used to evaluate individual players were extremely flawed. In an attempt to develop more specific, objective forms of statistical analysis, the idea of Sabermetrics was born. Bill James, a man who never played or coached professional baseball, is often credited as a pioneer in the field and for coining the name as homage to the Society of American Baseball Research, or SABR. Eventually, the use of Sabermetrics became widespread in the Major Leagues, the first team being the Oakland Athletics, as depicted in Moneyball. Bill James and other baseball statisticians have developed various methods of evaluating a player performance that allow for a more objective view of the game, broadly defined as Sabermetrics.
Richard being generous gave his younger brother rewards of several lands in England and he also made John the Count of Mortain in France. Whilst he was planning to go through a series of wars, Richard did not want his brother to enter England and he forced John to promise that he wouldn’t and John kept his word until he found out that Richard was intending to give the role of successor to the throne to their nephew. John felt that he should be king and he entered England, breaking his promise and tried to persuade the English people in order to gain the throne but the English woul...
In 1798, his grandfather died, which gave him his title and his estate. He later attended Trinity College at Cambridge University and earned his master’s degree in July of 1808 (“Lord”). Aside from his schooling he was an excellent marksman, horseman, and swimmer (Gurney 72). Many thought he was “mad- bad- and dangerous to know” (Napierkowski 38). His personality was very out of the realm of normal for the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in which he lived. He isolated himself from others’ opinions about his cruel, sexual eccentric...
Buchanan’s presidency was characterized by the state’s rights and slavery issues, which tore our country apart. Following the election of Abraham Lincoln, and by the time Buchanan left office, six states had seceded from the union. When seven of the fifteen stated seceded from the union, in 1860-1861, Buchanan did not force them to stay in the union. He felt that violence would only make more states leave. His policy delayed the Civil War until after Abraham Lincoln took office. So, therefore, Buchanan actually was president during the very beginnings of the Civil War
Robert Walton was raised by his uncle after his father died. On his deathbed, Walton's father entreated his brother not to allow Robert to pursue a seafaring life. Robert instead became a poet so that he "might obtain a niche in the temple where the names of Homer and Shakespeare are consecrated" (Shelley 16). Unfortunately, Robert was very unsucce...
The field of medicine has been constantly progressing through the centuries with surgery, as one of its most fundamental structure of medicine. Cutting people open to find the harm and relieving them of it. But as the field of surgery progress over time; the surgical environment has developed a gender sphere that makes it difficult for women to become surgeons. The glass ceiling is a political metaphor that exists to explain the gender disadvantages within disciplined jobs (The Glass Ceiling Effect*). Women today, regardless of their qualifications face an obstacle that “appear[s] to be a distinctively gender phenomenon” (1) in any highly disciplined jobs, especially in the field of surgery.
	Richard, Duke of Gloucester, was the brother of King Edward IV of the House of York. The House of York had been in control of the throne of England for some time now, but with the entry of the Woodvilles, was in somewhat of a decline. Elizabeth Woodville, now queen to Edward, was thought of surrounded by sorcery, influencing Edward to the bidding of the Woodvilles and their rise to power. Edward's eldest son was in the primary care of the Woodvilles at the time of Edward's death, and had become very attached to influential lords in the family. These included his uncles, Rivers and Grey. They were rising lords who sought to control the young heir and supplant the House of York of their control of the throne. Thus enters Richard.
Waggoner, M. and Stults, C. (2010) ‘Gender and Medicalization.’ Sociologists for Women in Society Fact Sheet. SWS Network News 4 (Spring): pp. 1-4.
In the United States today, approximately 4500 children are born deaf each year, and numerous other individuals suffer injuries or illnesses that can cause partial or total loss of hearing, making them the largest “disability” segment in the country. Although, those in the medical field focus solely on the medical aspects of hearing loss and deafness, members of the deaf community find this unwarranted focus limiting and restrictive; because of its failure to adequately delineate the sociological aspects and implications of the deaf and their culture. Present day members of deaf culture reject classifications such as “deaf mute” or “deaf and dumb”, as marginalizing them because of their allusions to a presumed disability. (Edwards, 2012, p. 26-30)
Robert Ross’ whole life he grew up in a household where they did what was expected of them, rather than what was right. The type of people that Findley place in Robert’s life is what molds him into the type of character he becomes. Timothy Findley manipulates what a hero is supposed to be, by making Robert Ross a distorted kind of hero. Robert Ross exemplifies anti-heroism throughout the text because of his need to be a savior but inability to do so, his morals and his connection with animals.
Robert Burns, a poet and lyricist in the Romantic Age, was born in Alloway, Scotland on 25 January, 1759. “The son of a hard-working and intelligent farmer, Burns was the oldest of seven children, all of whom had to help in the work on the farm” (The Columbia Encyclopedia). His first poem was written when he was fifteen; which was written for Jean Armour, whom he would later marry. “Burns fathered fourteen children with Jean Armour. They settled in Ellisland on a leased farm, forty-five miles from Mauchline, where Burns began his duties as a tax inspector, which was his profession until the end of his days” (Encyclopedia of World Biography).
A simple tax is one that can be easily understood, records easily kept, and payments easily made. Our current system does not hold these traits. The tax code is complicated, records being lost is not far-fetched, and payments take months to be analyzed. An efficient tax is one that the government can collect taxes without excessive time or money. As stated before, it takes many months to process tax returns. According to IRS.gov, their budget in 2016 was almost two billion dollars, which could be greatly reduced if we moved to a flat tax system. A tax should be certain, which means it should be clear to how much tax is owed. In our current system two people who have the same exact tax information and deductions can owe the government two entirely different amounts. In the flat tax system, it would be unquestionable what a person owed in taxes. A tax should be equitable, meaning there is not too much or too little tax burden felt by anyone. In our current system, there is a great deal of burden on the upper class. What this does is lowers the incentive for making more money. Critics of the flat tax will say that the upper class should pay more in taxes because it is ‘unfair' for one person to make so much money. Although if you put yourself into those shoes, working hard your entire life, would you want the government taking a great deal of your hard-earned money and giving back to people who show no incentive to go out and
Gender inequality is prevalent in the United States today through health, education, income, power, sexuality, and everyday life regimens. The old saying, “this is a man's world”, expresses the struggles women must undergo in their everyday lives. Even though the male figure is seen as dominant to the female figure in our society, “...women's relatively low social position and access to power often disadvantages them, but sometimes gendered expectations increase men's risks” (206). In the health industry, men are at a higher risk than women because of their gender roles to depict obsessive masculinity. Men are risk takers that choose to perform the unthinkable in order to gain attention from the public eye. Men also lack structured emotional
To begin with, the highlighted topic of almost all historic accounts of the Elizabethan Age was the lives of nobles, “painting the pretty picture”, but most people fail to realize that there is always another side to every story. Nobles and peasants lived very different lives, as one might expect. Historic records show that “The Elizabethan Period in England had a daily life based on social order: the monarch as the highest, the nobility as the second rank, the gentry as third, merchants as fourth, yeomanry as fifth, and laborers as sixth” (Elizabethan Era). Many aspects of daily life between the nobles and the lower classes varied. One such aspect was education. The children of nobility received high quality education from renowned scholars, while most other lower class children did not even know how to write their own name. The type of education differed among boys and girls of the nobility too. Boys generally learned Latin, English, sometimes Greek, arithmetic, and religious education. Girls were taught by their mother or another female figure on housekeeping matters, tending to children, how to be a good...