Ritual Art Celtic Society
Pre-Christian Celtic Society
About the pre-Romantic period of Celtic civilization (from the end of the 6th century BCE to some time in the first century CE) there is little written as record of their culture or ritual. We know of there existence through reference by Greek writers to their relation to the source of the Danube and to their being near the Greek colony that became Marseilles. Later writings refer to their rituals and superstitions, which had, as with other uncivilized cultures, played a huge part in the lives of the people. But much interest lies in this culture for those who have heritage in their people and those who are interested in the "pagan" religions that existed before the dominance of Chirtianity. As with most pre-world religion cultures, a belief in magic was a powerful stigma for much of the art and architecture found in the area occupied by the Celts.
Artisans of the time recorded the rituals of sacrifice in relief imagery. These practices were performed sometimes by drowning the victims in pots, other times dropping the offered bodies into pits or burning them alive, animals and humans alike, in massive wooden structures in the shape of a figure. Descriptions of these events come mostly from Roman writings, many by Caesar. These writings present a fearful view of these pagan rituals; a fear that is attributed in part to their gruesome nature and in part to the heavily forested landscape in which they took place. This landscape was unlike any land in Roman areas which had been heavily farmed for long periods. Thus the image of the fearful and cruel Celts was created iin the eyes of the Chirstian west.
Celtic Mythology and Ritual
The mythology of the pagan Celtic tribes lacked the distinct pantheon that cultures similar to the Greeks possessed. Their deities were varied, with only general connections from one area to another. Though some terminology and imagery was evidently borrowed from other cultures, specifically the Aryan and Italic, the Celtic cults remained separate from any other culture in their exact beliefs and ceremonies. Most of the cults' mythologies contained some reference to a union between a God, often referred to as Dagda, meaning the good or all-competent God, and a goddess, referred to as Morrigan, the Demon Queen. This union was the most important focus of ceremony and myth. The recitation of this myth and others was another portion of the ritual practices that Druids performed with the same intent; a show of respect to the gods with the hope of beneficial retribution.
It was August 14th, 1791 when the first plantation building was set aflame by black slaves. This was all a part of the Bois Caïman ceremony. (Shen) The Bois Caïman ceremony was a Vodou ceremony led and performed by Dutty Boukman, a Vodou priest. The Bois Caïman ceremony was said to have been a ceremony where the slaves were to get together in Morne-Rouge, and to finalize the planning of the revolution. While the ceremony has become a legend-type story, and it is hard to discern what is real and what isn't, many accounts of that ceremony tell that there were Vodou deities present, animal sacrifices and a raging storm. (Shen) The ceremony, with the celebration surrounding it, was meant to lift the spirits of and give hope to the Haitian people. The Haitians used hope to motivate them, and with much fighting, many fights of which were led by Dutty Boukman, they were able to gain their independence. Of course, some of that hope was taken away when the French told the Haitians that they would only get their independence if they paid the debt of 150 million French Francs to France. But if there were any complications in the fulfillment of the payment, the French would be rescinding their recognition that Haiti was an independent country. (Popkin 152) The Haitians
Digital forensics can be broken down into three phases; acquisition, analysis, and presentation. The acquisition phase is where the data is saved in a way that it can be analyzed latter. Because it is not known at the time what data is or is not valuable to the case, all data is saved. In the analysis phase, the data is examined and placed into three major categories; inculpatory, exculpatory, or signs of evidence tampering (Carrier, 2002). Tools are used in this phase that are able to analyze for the list directory contents, deleted files, and recover the deleted files. In the presentation phase, the data has been documented in a way that it can undergo a peer review. When deleted files are recovered, the analyst must show how they were found because they were ...
One of Magliocco's main arguments is that these Neo-Pagan cults all have roots in both anthropology and folklore in their early development. Magliocco offers a detailed historical analysis and examines influences found all the way back to classical traditions. She concludes this analysis by bringing her reader back to the contemporary and offers us insight into how both the fields of anthropology and folklore have helped shape Neo-Paganism into what it has become today.
If one were to look back into the world’s history, one would find that an important and consistent element is the world of music. Music has presented itself in various forms throughout its spread and through our identification of its magical realm, people have been fortunate enough to come across a means of relation. Whether it is blues and reggae or rap and pop rock, there is music out there for everyone. Music can serve as a stabilizer for some, a relaxant to others, and to many a form of inspiration.
For the average Pagan and perhaps even some Christians, it would be a surprise to find out that in many places in the world the Celtic Cross is not seen as an ancient, powerful symbol, but instead as a negative, ‘evil’ symbol that represents the worst of the white supremacist. The Celtic Cross is an equal-armed cross with its intersection being surrounded by a circle. This symbol once spanned many cultures and religions, being used by Christians and Pagans alike. However, despite its ancient and long history, the Celtic Cross has become twisted and corrupted in the majority of the world, and is now actually banned in more than one country.
Forensics investigations that require the analyzation and processing of digital evidence can be influenced both positively and negatively by a number of outside sources. In this paper, we will explore how physical security plays a role in forensics investigations activities. We will start by examining how physical and environmental security might impact the forensics investigation process. Next, we will discuss the role that physical and logical security zones play in supporting effective forensics activities. We will illustrate how centralized and decentralized physical and environmental security affects the forensics professional’s approach toward the investigation. Lastly, we will evaluate some potential areas of risk related to the physical security of our case study organization, Widget Factory, identified in Attachment 1.
There are several theories based on interpersonal communication that can be seen in various forms of entertainment, as well as real life experiences. You can see the social penetration theory in the bond that Maleficent and Aurora formed through the time they spent together. The communication privacy management theory can be shown in The Walking Dead as the main character asks newcomers three questions in order to determine who he can trust, and who he can’t trust. Glamour Magazine’s article about abusive relationships shows The Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation theory as it describes the reasons why the women left their toxic relationships. And finally, my personal experience with an old friend can represent the cost benefit/social exchange theory by the way our relationship costed me more than it benefited me. Communication theories are distinct in our every day lives, you just have to find
10. Heinrich Kramer and Jacob Spenger, “The Malleus Maleficarum,” in Witchcraft in Europe 1100-1700, Alan Kors and Edward Peters (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1972), 132.
“Rituals and Traditions; It Takes a Tribe,” written by David Berreby and “Indians: Textualism, Morality, and the Problem of History” written by Jane Tompkins, both exemplify a typical controversial topic in the United States of America today. The US prides there self on the basis of freedom, and how Americans are made up of individuals with backgrounds from all around the world. Many consider the US to be a “melting pot”, a society where cultures are just blended together and not recognized fully on their own, where as others consider the US to be a “salad bowl”, where people of international cultures hold fast to their traditions and practices and coexist with the cultures around them. Both authors of the readings propose that generally speaking,
Upon hearing the term ‘Celtic,’ the first things that come to mind are the awe of their intricately patterned jewelry, lively music, and the flowing tunics they wore. These people are also known for being fierce warriors and for their superstitious, nature-centered religion. Celtic customs are still alive and well in places like Ireland and the western reaches of Britain, but within this essay I shall explore their origins and traditions.
In our society today social class effects us in our everyday lives. Social class may effect how people treat you and what friends you make. Social class played a big role in the novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God, by Zora Neale Hurston. In the eyes of Janie’s grandmother moving up in social class was the best thing that could happen for Janie. As a result of her upbringing, Janie would make important decisions such as who she would marry based on social class.
Native American Ritual Dancing “It has often been said that the North American Indians ‘dance out’ their religions” (Vecsey 51). There were two very important dances for the Sioux tribe, the Sun Dance and the Ghost Dance. Both dances show the nature of Native American spirituality. The Ghost Dance and the Sun Dance were two very different dances, however both promote a sense of community.
The ongoing scientific investigation of how exactly evolution occurred and continues to occur has been an argumentative idea amongst society since Darwin first articulated it over a century ago. The scientific basis of evolution accounts for happenings that are also essential concerns of religion; both religion and science focus on the origins of humans and of biological diversity. For instance, in the reading “Truth Cannot Contradict Truth,” Pope John Paul II, addressing the Pontifical Academy of Science, discussed the matter of God as creator of man. The Pope explains that men cannot relate to animals because men are superior. The reasoning for that is because God created humans under his likeness. What the church is saying about mankind contradicts with the scientific evidence scientists have found on human evolution. By analyzing the different scientific approaches, one will be able to grasp a clear understanding that the theory of evolution by natural selection conflicts with the Judeo-Christian worldview of God as creator.
Throughout time each civilization has spread its folklore about their gods. Mythology is the collection of a societys myths and during older times mythology was thought to be created by the people who did not see the world like everyone else. Those people saw the world full of beautiful, magical possiblities. Many of the stories still hold an impact on the world today. Maybe not in the sense of worship, but people are intrigued to figure out the state of mind of the ancient people that once worshipped these gods. Some civilzations worshipped these gods in hope that they would help them in their daily lives. Most civilizations had gods for everything taht imacted their lives. Civilizations had gods that controlled the weather, the harvest, or
...omfort and care. The quality of her clothes threatened to derange Frieda and me.” page 63 (Toni Morrison). These sentences say a lot about what and how people perceive others. People are not only judging others by their race in this book but also social class.This connects to Geraldine, who believes a person’s skin tone defines then.Geraldine uses social class to separate black from colored. She calls people “colored” if they aren’t poor and are neat, quiet, sheltered and well-dressed.“Niggers were dirty and loud” page 87 (Toni Morrison).