During the past 30 years, 40% of the total number of the flood events in the world occurred in Asia, whereas Southeast Asia is the second worst flood-affected region of the continent, after South Asia (Dutta and Herath 2004). Consequently, risks to lose human lives, goods and environmental assets are increasing. Therefore, understanding flood response characteristics and flood estimates are required not only for design and economic appraisal of hydraulic works, but also for efficient flood management schemes.Myanmar, the second biggest country in Southeast Asia,is highly exposed to flood hazards due to its complex topography and high rainfall intensities during the southwest monsoon season.In contrast to the demanding flood hazards, flood management for ugauged catchments in Myanmar has not been addressed yet. As floods are affected by the spatial distribution of terrestrial and climatic conditions through hydrological processes, detecting and mapping similarresponse characteristics that influence on flood generating can assist the water resources practitioners in management decision. As a flood management is not possible without knowing regional characteristics being an integral part of the flood estimation process, special concern is dedicated to the diverse spatial conditions.
To assess flood risk and adopt control measures, one needs to estimate flood magnitude at any watershed location. However, direct flood estimations using past flow data are not always possible due to insufficient flow records or missing data, particularly in developing countries like Myanmar. Due to the substantial costs involved, the density of hydrometric monitoring stations in Myanmar is 12,000 km2 per station, which is beyond the minimum adequacy of ...
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...ify hydrological homogeneous regions and to develop regional IF models in clustered ungauged catchments for the Chindwin River in Myanmar. The independent variables affecting flood generation are incorporated into the principal component analysis, and subsequent clustering of the leading principal components provides different homogeneous regions. IF at ungauged sites are indirectly estimated considering the relationship between flood values and catchment descriptors of the gauged sites. Afterwards regional IF models were developed for each predefined homogeneous region using feedforward ANN models, which were then compared with the conventional power form models. The flood generating variables and the hydrological homogeneous regions were derived and visualized by using GIS for quick referencing and decision making in national water resources management of Myanmar.
TYPES OF FLOODS Flooding is mostly associated with rivers leaving their banks but flooding can also occur in places other than along rivers. The most common type of flooding experienced by communities is Riverine Flooding also known as over bank flooding. This type of flooding occurs when a river channel receives more rain or snow melts from the watershed than it has capacity to hold. The excess water tops the banks of the channel and spread across the flood plains. Flash Flooding-
Trauma after Natural Disaster: A Caribbean Review The need to be trained in trauma response appears to be greater today than any previous time in history. Since the 21st century, traumatic events, due to natural disasters have been occurring more frequently. Vivid memories remain of the terrors of the 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunamis; 2005 Hurricane Katrina; and in the Caribbean- the 2010 earthquake in Haiti. It is believed that we are likely to experience more devastating natural disasters
Introduction In recent years, a number of severe weather events have prompted increased concern over the role of climate change in changing weather patterns. Many vulnerable regions around the world have been greatly impacted by increasingly severe weather. For residents affected by these events, the consequences can be life-changing. Indeed, severe weather events, such as flooding, can greatly affect regions where it occurs, creating social, economic, and potentially serious health impacts. Residents
The Boscastle Floods Heavy seasonal rainfall is a common feature of the climate of South West England and has been documented many times, sometimes it has little affect on the landscape and just drains away but very occasionally it has far more destructive effects. On the 16th of August this year, massive amounts of rainfall over the North Cornish coast caused a disaster on a scale that has not been seen since 1952. A flash flood devastated the small coastal town of Boscastle, this investigation
attention and timely response. One sector that is particularly threatened by the climate change is the agricultural sector, because the amounts of water, sunlight, and heat available are important determinants in the crops growth process. Although some of the changes, for example higher temperatures and longer growing seasons, might bring benefits (especially to countries in the Northern hemisphere), others like reduced water availability and frequent extreme weather events would definitely have
1.1. Introduction of Study Disasters are occurring more frequently during the last few decades and they are threatening the safety and lives of people around the world. Moreover, research has confirmed that the number of disasters has increased in recent years (AL Khalaileh, M.A., Bond, E. & ALasad, J.A. , 2012; Bond, A. E., & Tichy, M., 2009). Accordingly, organizations and society both face a significant challenge in the matter of responding to these disasters. Disaster, as defined by Asian Disaster
you agree with this statement? Natural disasters have always disastrous effects. These could be economic, social and/or environmental. Infrastructure damage can severely obstruct economic activity; social effects can include homelessness, illness, loss of life, injury, and destruction of communities; and environmental damage can range from the tree felling to landscape reshaping. While natural disaster can cause one or more of the aforementioned effects whichever country it impacts regardless of
days of Earth. Under definition climate change means “a long-term change in the earth's climate, especially a change due to an increase in the average atmospheric temperature.” (Dictionary). Climate change can be seen making an impact all over the world. There are many theories and beliefs as to why the climate is currently changing, but there is no hard evidence that makes the real cause of climate change clear. There are many possible causes to the changes in climate that we see, but none are known
discussed by Mileti (1999) that disaster preparedness and response would be dealt with in the most efficient manner possible thereby reducing its social, political and economical impact; however, that was not the reality then and it is not certainly not the reality today. In today’s world, natural disasters are less discriminating and can strike localities out of what is generally expected, leaving some vulnerable and ill-equipped to response. According to researcher and Professor Robert Schneider
Climate change is quickly becoming the largest and most complex challenge facing the world today. A massive hurricane, devastating flood or a colossal earthquake has the potential to eradicate an entire country. As a result, the United States needs to have an action plan in place that establishes protocols for natural disasters that occur domestically and those that occur in nations worldwide. Instead of fighting terrorism, the US military may have to intervene in a water or food war between nations
that was originally developed to respond to natural disasters. Natural disasters are but not limited to; earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, and tornadoes. FEMA states their mission is “FEMA’s mission is to support our citizens and first responders to ensure that as a nation we work together to build, sustain and improve our capability to prepare
impacts of Major Incidents and who is involved. To aid my explanation of Major Incidents I will be adding a few examples. (P1 - Define the term ‘major incident’). What is a Major Incident (MI)? A Major Incident is a situation where there is a high risk to loss of life and requires the involvement of the Public and Emergency Services. Many public services are required when there is a MI. This is because they have the suitable training and equipment to prevent the incident from escalating any further
Volcanoes Distribution Volcanoes can be described as being tectonic hazards that occur in many parts of the world. The distribution of volcanoes is closely linked with the positioning of the tectonic plate boundaries across the globe. Today there are about 500 active volcanoes in the world. The world map of volcanoes in your atlas shows that the most volcanic activity occurs along the West coasts of North and South America, (along the Rockies and Andes) and the coasts of many Far East countries
enjoying watching our family-friends continue to win in the Little League World Series, we were hearing news of a possible historical storm preparing to hit the gulf coast. The Ewa Beach team, with my Uncle Clint as a coach and his son Ty, continued to win and the Louisiana team stuck around. Even though they were out of the tournament, it was decided that it was not safe for them to go back yet. Ewa Beach went back to Hawaii as World Champions, while Louisiana eventually boarded the flight home unsure
environment in the event that the office is unavailable for use. This however adds cost so should only be considered in the cases where the cost for the service is less than the cost would be to make plans