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Analysis of risks and return
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Conducting a risk and return analysis requires a clear understanding of what risk and return is and how it relates to the financial sector and investments. There is a strong relationship between risk and return. Risk and return is basically a trade-off for an investor weighing their options based on the risk of an investment and the potential return of said investment. I equate the definition to something pretty simple but obviously there is more too it. Think of a casino slot machine. The higher the bet, the higher the reward. In contrast, the lower the risk the lower the return.
Taking a deeper look into the relationship between risk and return there are some investments that are considered to be more sound than others. For example, a low
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More so the risk because my finances can change day to day. Most of my investments are tied up in stocks and bonds, real estate investments, savings accounts, and 401k. In reality, my savings accounts seem to give me less headache because it’s there when I need it, and I have very little risk of it lessening because of a ripple in the volatile finance market. Stocks and bonds are definitely my riskier investments as they fluctuate drastically with the market and there is a never guarantee that my initial investment is still there, let alone profit from my initial investment. 2007-2008 was a time that people saw their stocks and bond investments deplete to nearly nothing when the market crashed and a lot of people lost their life savings in the …show more content…
Some investments benefit their investors differently. Investors need to consider a lot of different variables: some are specific to the investor and some are specific to the market. A portfolio must be clearly defined with goals in mind and have a sound baseline in which to base all investments off of. Which brings me to my next point. Are bonds part of a financial bubble, inevitably going to burst and affect investments large and small? Yes. bonds are in a bubble are speculating that interest rates will rise a bundle over a very short time period. So if you invest in a 30-Year corporate bond with 6% coupon and duration of 14 years, on paper you will lose 14 percent of your capital each time interest rates rise by 100 basis points (1%). So roughly speaking, in the unlikely event that you buy that corporate bond and wake up tomorrow with the Fed announcing a 350 basis point increase in rates, you’ll be down 50% on your bond. If you had bought a 10 year, 4% corporate bond, you’d only lose about 30% of your investment, on paper (Aloisi,
Robert Arnott describes risk and return as “having two sides of the same coin” meaning risk is inseparable from return. Arnott points out the most important risks that are faced by managers of company pension plans: underperforming other corporate pension funds (their peers), losing money (mostly associated with portfolio standard deviation or volatility), and underperforming the values of pension obligations and therefore losing actuarial ground. He defines each of these risks as well as giving a few examples on each one. He quickly jumps into how many tend to focus on standard deviation as the only a single metric calculation, rather than recognizing there are other ways to do so. The author discourages the focus on just one risk, because all are intertwined together and rely on one another.
After a generation of portfolio managers and investors profiting from decades of favorable returns on stocks, they believed the modern economy was impervious to major calamities (“Rethinking” 20). As inflation rates fell from record highs in the late 1970s and early 1980s to the record lows that they are today, interest rates followed, enabling Americans to borrow more money from lenders which, in turn, increased housing prices to all-time highs (“Rethinking” 21).
... be avoided. When we look at an investment opportunity it is important to recognize the “gut” feeling as our initial response but not necessarily the right response. Being aware of this can help avoid falling into an optimist bias and poorly budgeting for the future.
Market Risk is also known as Systematic Risk due to its broad impact on investments. The level of Market Risk depends on the probability that the entire market will decline and drag down the values of all companies. With Market Risk, investors stand to lose value irrespective of the companies, business sectors, or investment vehicles they are invested in. It can be difficult for investors to protect themselves against market risk, since investment strategies, like diversification, is mostly ineffective (Investopedia,
The greatest investors in the world all understand one common theme when it comes to successful investing, “markets are volatile and they fluctuate.” Whether it is real estate investing or investing in stocks, there is an inherent risk. Therefore, new investors who are trying to decide whether to invest their available capital in real estate or stocks must learn to understand their own risk tolerance. To understand risk successfully, new investors must first learn some of the pros and cons of both real estate investing and stock market investing.
No firm can be a success without some form of risk management. Risk are the uncertainty in investments requiring an assessment. Risk assessment is a structured and systematic procedure, which is dependent upon the correct identification of hazards and an appropriate assessment of risks arising from them, with a view to making inter-risk comparisons for purposes of their control and avoidance (Nikolić and Ružić-Dimitrijevi, 2009). ERM is a practice that firms implement to manage risks and provide opportunities. ERM is a framework of identifying, evaluating, responding, and monitoring risks that hinder a firm’s objectives. The following paper is a comparison and evaluation to recommended practices for risk manage using article “Risk Leverage
Hensel, C. R., Ezra, D., & Ilkiw, J. H. (1991). The Importance of the Asset Allocation Decision.
Risk taking has been a topic of great importance because it plays a role in determining how people view themselves and their lives. Researchers have concentrated on how different types of risk taking such as health risk or recreational risk can be strongly correlated with specific behavior such as the Five Factor Model personality traits. The concept of risk taking tendency has significant connections for the theoretical modeling of risk behavior, which will provide efficient insight behind individuals reasoning for risky behaviors (Nicholson, Soane, Fenton- O’Creevy, & Willman, 2005).
One reason is that many successful investment ventures itself is the outcome of these ‘irrationality’. Risk-taking, which is inevitable in investment, may contribute to the investors’ better performance than others, while with the assistance of proper training, assessment accuracy can be increased(Palich and Ray Bagby, 1995). Also, if without precedent, most of the newly-invented value-maximising approaches or strategy of investment ought to be considered as crude and unthoughtful, but in reality, they are regarded as innovation(Busenitz and Barney, 1997). Furthermore, there are evidence shows that instead of being the hindrance of correct investment decision-making, those biases and heuristics are backed up by probabilistic information. Accurate statistical probability can be evaluated by our inductive reasoning mechanism with a relatively high possibility(Cosmides and Tooby,
While it is very important for young individuals to start to save and invest for their retirement, there are aspects that they should consider before jumping into investing into securities. Those subjects are cash, enough insurance, should you buy a home, how secure is your job, how much risk can you handle, equities are risky, get started, do everything, be flexible, and can you save and invest too much. These ten aspects should be looked at, analyzed, and taken into very critical thought before saving and investing into securities.
Investing in financial markets can carry risk and long term adverse effects. When deciding to participate in financial markets, an investor must educate themselves in order to financial blunders. At the forefront of financial theory, Modern Portfolio Theory asses the maximum expected portfolio return for a given amount of portfolio risk. Within the framework of Modern Portfolio Theory, an optimal portfolio is constructed on the basis of asset allocation, diversification and rebalancing. In conjunction with diversification, asset allocation is the strategy of dividing a portfolio across various asset classes. Furthermore, optimal diversification involves holding multiple instruments that are not positively correlated. While diversification and asset allocation can improve returns, systematic and unsystematic risks remain inherent in investing. Introduced by Harry Markowitz in 1952, the concept of an efficient frontier identifies an optimal level of diversification and asset
today's economy. There are many reasons why people invest in bonds. For example, if one
Our understanding and the concept of investment in behavioural finance combines economics and psychology to analyse how and why investors make final decision. As an investor one’s decision to invest is fully influence by different type of attitudes of behavioural and psychological ( Ricciardi & Simon, 2000). Yet, in order to maximize their financial goal, investors must have a good investment planning. Furthermore , to gain a good investment planning , there must be a good decision making among investors. They have to choose the right investment plan I order to manage the resources for different type of investments not only to gain profit wise but also to avoid the risk that occur from investment.
Using the Modern Portfolio Theory, overtime risk assets will provide a higher expected rate of return, as compensation to the investors for accepting a high risk. The high risk will eventually lower collecting asset classes to the portfolio, thus reducing the volatile risk, and increasing the expected rates of return. Furthermore the purpose of this theory is to develop the most optimal investments portfolio which would yield the highest rate of return while ascertaining the risk for the individual or corporate investor.