(Beattie, 2002) Alzheimer’s disease is the 6th leading cause of death, affecting more than five million people in the United States and is also one of the most common forms of dementia. Dementia can be defined as a disorder of progressive cognitive impairment severe enough to affect daily functions of an individual’s life. (Fillit et al, 2002) Early 1900’s a man named Alois Alzheimer cared for a woman who had rapid severe declining dementia, after she died he was able to study her brain where he found atrophy of the grey matter along with plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, which when destroyed interrupts the messages sent from the neurotransmitters to the central and limbic regions of the brain resulting in early occurrence of memory impairment in an individual, the disease is already well established before symptoms are noticed in the individual. (Gaurthier, 2007) Onset of symptoms can usually be seen by the age of 60, and may be gradual, and is categorized by stages from mild to severe, and may lead to a complete dependence by a caregiver. When a diagn... ... middle of paper ... ...ts with Alzheimer Disease.
Health promotion international, Vol.26 No.SI Ayalon, L., Fialova, D., Arean, P.A. et al. (2010). Challenges associated with the recognition and treatment of depression in older recipients of home care services. International Psychogeriatric, 22:4, 514-522 Duckworth.
Vascular dementia is found to be most prevalent in people aged 60-75 years and is more prevalent amongst the male population in comparison to female. Vascular dementia is seen to result in progressive deterioration of the higher functions of the brain for example memory, recognition, the ability to learn new information and fine motor movements (Alzheimer, Scotland, 2002). These changes commonly occur in a stepwise pattern due to the sudden occurrence of strokes. The features common to vascular dementia which characterise the disease include loss of memory and problems with forgetting recent events. The clarity of speech may alter resulting in difficulties in communicating.
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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a severe, incurable form of dementia that causes impairment and cognitive deficits such as language, speech, memory and basic motor skills (Buckley, 2011). Currently in the United States, there are 5.2 million individuals living with AD (Alzheimer’s Association, 2013). AD is a deterioration of one’s cognitive functions that prevents the ability for daily function and unfortunately has no known cure or preventative methods (Buckley, 2011).The main deficit that AD has on the brain is the deterioration of different areas of the brain. Not only does a physical toll contribute to patients with AD, but there is also a social stigma that impedes on the normal daily function of life. In this literature review, I will discuss the different effects that AD has on the brain and the outcome of what various repercussions can occur.
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Lu, Der Fa,PhD., R.N., & Herr, Keela, PhD, RN,A.G.S.F., F.A.A.N. (2012). Pain in dementia: Recognition and treatment. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 38(2), 8-13. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/00989134-20120113-01 National Institutes of Health (December 2012). What is Alzheimer’s disease?
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