J.B. is a patient that comes to After Hours Care complaining of pain in the right ear. He was diagnosed with otomycosis by physical exam. Examination revealed greenish and black fuzzy growth on the ear wax (Aspergillus, 2015). It can also appear like debris resembling wet blotting paper, which covers the entire canal (Aspergillus, 2015). The typical findings and symptoms include itching, irritation, discomfort, pain, and, scanty discharge from the affected ear (Aspergillosis, 2015). Also, a common complaint is feeling that the ear is blocked (Aspergillosis, 2015). J.B. reports that the pain started a few days ago in his right ear and is a dull constant pain. He also cannot hear well, and he feels like he is under water. Nothing has seemed to …show more content…
Otitis externa presents with symptoms that include itching, pain, redness in and around the ear, feeling fullness in ear, discharge and drainage, tenderness when moving ear or jaw, hearing loss, swollen lymph nodes (NHS, 2015). Diagnosed by physical exam (NHS, 2015). Otitis media is inflammation of the middle ear (NIH, 2015). Symptoms include ear pain, fever, fluid drainage, trouble hearing, and loss of balance (NIH, 2015). Diagnosis is also made by physical examination (NIH, 2015). Allergic rhinitis can occur when mucus is in the ears and many symptoms occur like pressure or pain in the ear, and a popping noise is often heard (Emedicine, 2016). This can lead to otitis media if chronic or severe (Emedicine, 2016). The final diagnosis by physical examination revealed otitis media and …show more content…
In a 2012 study of treatment for fungal ear infections, all of the patients were treated with clotrimazole (Viswanatha, Sumatha, & Siddappa, 2012). However, four patients did not respond to this treatment and fluconazole solution was found successful in these patients (Viswanatha, Sumatha, & Siddappa, 2012). Fluconazole otic solution 2 drops daily x 3 days then every other day x 3 weeks (Viswanatha, Sumatha, & Siddappa, 2012). It is important to avoid ear plugs or cotton balls to allow ears to be open to air and drain properly (Aspergillus, 2015). It is important to keep the ear canal as dry as possible (Aspergillus, 2015). For preventative measures, 4% boric acid solution in alcohol can be used as a cleaning agent (Aspergillus, 2015). Ear wash bilateral ears was performed in office to open the ear canal that was blocked by cerumen. Recommended treatment is suction for evacuation of matter in ear, but no equipment for that in this office available (Aspergillus, 2015). Also, Otitis media should be treated. The watchful waiting period for otitis media is two to three days (Thomas, Berner, Zahnert, & Dazert, 2014). This patient has been struggling with ear pain and odorous drainage now for longer than the watchful waiting period (Thomas et al., 2014). Therefore, a PCN is recommended like amoxicillin (Thomas et al., 2014). He reports that last time the amoxicillin alone did not eradicate the infection the
Cholesteatoma is a growth of excess skin or a skin cyst (epithelial cyst) that contains desquamated keratin and grows in the middle ear and mastoid (Thio, Ahmed, & Bickerton, 2005). A cholesteatoma can grow and spread, destroying the ossicles, tympanic membrane and other parts of the ear. They appear on the pars flaccida and pars tensa sections of the tympanic membrane. A cholesteatoma can occur when a part of a perforated tympanic membrane is pushed back into the middle ear space, debris and skin cells can build up forming a growth. It can obstruct tympanic membrane movement and movement of the ossicles. As the layers grow, the amount of hearing loss can increase. A cholesteatoma can be congenital (present at birth) or be acquired as a result of another disease. They can also be formed as a result of a surgery, trauma, chronic ear infection, chronic otitis media, or tympanic membrane perforation. It can develop beyond the tympanic membrane and cause intracranial and extracranial complications. Due to this patients can experience permanent hearing loss as a result of an infection of the inner ear as well as other serious health concerns. These include dizziness, facial nerve weakness and infections of the skull (Hall, 2013). Patients may present chronically discharging ear, hearing loss, dizziness, otalgia (ear pain), and perforations (marginal or attic).
For medical care, no treatment is needed for those who are asymptomatic, just monitoring for mild symptoms (2). For those who cannot fight the disease as easily as the majority, there are an array of treatments available. To start, blood cultures should be performed in all patients, and sputum cultures should be taken for those with chronic histoplasmosis (2). Chest radiology would be preferred for individuals with acute pulmonary histoplasmosis, steroids and possible laser treatment for ocular histoplasmosis, and CT scans for those with cerebral histoplasmosis (2). With prolonged symptoms of more than 4 weeks, medical therapy via itraconazole is recommended for 6-12 weeks, followed by chest imaging (2). Bronchiectasis caused by the microbe is treated with either a bronchoscopy or surgical removal (3). Phrenological treatments to histoplasmosis include amphorcetericin B, ketoconazole, itraconazole, and fluconazole (3). Currently, antifungal agents are being developed to offer alternative treatment (3). To successfully survive as a pathogen, the virus must change itself on a micro level to survive changing conditions, macrophages, and other threats to the fungi’s reproduction (4). Being able to go from an environmental mold to an intercellular yeast is extremely useful for a microbe in an ecosystem that fights for control of those it infects (4). These advantages present within histoplasmosis are what keeps it as a cause of respiratory and systemic disease in mammals (4). There are plenty of treatments available to accommodate all forms of histoplasmosis, making it a microbe that is very simple to cure, despite how hard it tries to
Otitis externa is diagnosed by a culture taken from the ear canal. Once the diagnosis is made, treatment begins with, antibiotics or steroid drops. These drugs are used are used to treat the inflammation in the ear. This condition is very painful, because of the inflammation and swelling of the auditory canal. Patients may also complain of hearing loss and purulent (pus like) drainage from the ear. To cure the condition and not have it return patients must keep the ear canal clean and dry of the condition will continue and becomes a chronic condition.
The labyrinthitis is an inflammatory disease of the ' inner ear, whose main symptoms are dizziness, nausea and loss of balance. Inflammation of the labyrinth, which is that part of the inner ear that governs our sense of balance, it is in usually caused by an infection of viral or bacterial origin.
With around 70,000 special education students with hearing losses in the US it is no wonder that teaching these students the art of music has become an important opportunity within their education (U.S. Department of Education). According to Darrow and Heller (1985) as well as Solomon (1980) the history of education for students with hearing loss extends over a hundred and fifty years. These students have every right to music education classes and music instructors need to understand their unique learning differences and similarities to those of the average typical (mainstreamed) student to ensure these students have a successful and comprehensive learning experience. Despite this, there are still plenty of roadblocks, one of which may be some music instructor’s lack of effective practices and methods to successfully teach to the student’s more unique needs. Alice Ann-Darrow is a Music Education and Music Therapy Professor at Florida State University. Darrow’s article “Students with Hearing Losses” focuses not only on the importance of music education for these students but it is also a summarized guide of teaching suggestions containing integral information for the unique way these students learn.
Tinnitus, also known as ringing in the ear is a phantom auditory experience which can happen in the absence of an internal or external sound. It often accompanies hearing loss with severity ranging from mild to severe. Although, it can exist as a comparatively harmless condition it can be extremely debilitating and disruptive as it progresses. Tinnitus research has allured neuroscientists for decades due to the mystery related to it’s neural generators. In the recent years, tinnitus research has made some huge strides and has provided new insights to the neural mechanisms, and possible neural generators in the brain. The four major research areas in this field include identifying the brain substructure of tinnitus origin, the neural mechanism behind its origin, developing a general therapy, and customizing therapy for individual patients.
Jennifer presents with the clinical signs and symptoms of tonsillitis. The clinical presentation of swollen tonsils, pain while swallowing, presence of exudates, associated temperature for three days, positive palpable anterior cervical nodes, and sore throat lead the clinician to believe Jennifer has tonsillitis. Tonsils are considered lymph tissue. The tonsils react to a microorganism that has come in contact via air droplet with the mouth, nose, or eyes. The resulting cytokine induced inflammation occurs in order to protect the body from infectious invasion. When this occurs inflammation mediators are activated and will lead to fever. Many lymphocytes and antigens get activated and start to fight the illness. The lymph nodes are enlarged because they are working harder to filter and clean the lymph fluid. Jennifer’s adaptive responses include inflammation, f...
It kills bacteria by competing with it for food, The bacteria around the fungus are destroyed as penicillin is released. The penicillin kills the mold by stopping its cell walls from forming. This results in the cells bursting and dying (Ward, 50-51). During World War II, penicillin was used in place of surgery due to the lack of doctors. The drug obviated the need for many amputations because it could neutralize the bacteria that caused dead tissue responsible for limb removals (Conniff, 2013). A letter sent home from a soldier, Murphy, demonstrates an example of this. “At first they thought they would have the take his leg off… it was long before they really could treat him… But they started treating him with the new ‘wonder drug’ penicillin and it brought him around ok” (Higginbotham, 2001). In addition to eliminating amputations, penicillin made infections less painful to handle. Surgeons commonly treated wounds by draining them and leaving them open to heal. Infections were common and often deadly, recovery wound take months. However, after the distribution of penicillin, surgeons simply drained the wound, sprinkled penicillin powder, and stitched the wound close (Conniff, 2013). Thousands of soldiers who escaped death or amputation owed their well-being to the mass production of
In this exercise, Penicillium was utilized, a common, safe, mold. Certain species of Penicillium will spoil fruits, vegetables, grains, and grasses. Other species will ripen various chesses. Still, other species are used in the production of antibiotics. The species of Penicillium, italicum is provided for the lab because of its pronounced hyphae. Penicillium italicum, along with Penicillium digitatum attack citrus fruits post-harvest. In this experiment, the effect of Penicillium italicum on two types of citrus fruits and one non-citrus fruits were tested.
In my life, I've had a major setback that has changed how I live life day to day. When I was five, I was diagnosed with permanent hearing loss. I have hearing loss in both ears, mostly in higher frequencies, but I still have some hearing loss in the lower ones too. Since I was 5, it has only gotten worse, just in the past year there has been drastic changes in the frequencies that I can't hear. Hearing loss affects me day to day, for example if anyone whispers something to me, nine of ten times I can't hear what they are saying. My academics also get affected because sometimes I can't hear what we have for homework over all of the background noise of people packing up, so sometimes I just don't do homework because I never heard it in the first place. Not doing homework because I can't hear it affects my grades as I will get zeros for not doing it.
He had been to a clinic and the doctor prescribed anti-biotics, though there was not any improvement. Then, a local healer who deals with herbal medicine observed the case. He brought a teaspoon of palm oil and applied it to the aperture. As he predicted, the white spot inside protruded and began to absorb the palm oil. What was found was a worm.
as Hertz (Hz). The sounds of speech are in the range of 250 Hz to 4000
For the assigned exercise #1, the task was to listen to 40 different sounds over a course of 3 days. This endeavor seems like a simple task, but once effort is placed into noticing what is occurring in close proximity, or at a distance for noises which travel, the multitude of sounds is astronomical. Individuals, on a daily basis, learn an unspoken of skill which we call selective hearing. Selective hearing, to me, certainly allows people to block out common sounds which might drive an individual whom notices the said sounds insane. By selectively associating sounds to certain feelings, sounds become more noticeable.
Otitis media, commonly known as an ear infection, is an infection located in the middle ear, commonly diagnosed in children. In 2006, approximately nine million children (age zero to seventeen) were reported to have otitis media, while medical costing to treat otitis media peaked at $2.8 billion dollars (Soni, 2008). Costing and statistics of otitis media will continue at the increasing rate due to the commonality of the infection. As a result of increasing cases of otitis media, an understanding of the disease’s classifications, causes, symptoms, diagnostic tests, and treatments will inform one of the diseases presences.
The ear is an organ of the body that is used for hearing and balance. It is connected to the brain by the auditory nerve and is composed of three divisions, the external ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear. The greater part of which is enclosed within the temporal bone.